2013年10月31日星期四

Titanium dioxide industry should focus on some of the issues of environmental protection

Environment is the only place where we live , Mother Earth as we deal with every day in excess of garbage , but apparently excessive garbage Mother Earth has been unable to make too much for us to do things . So no matter what we have to first think of our living environment . For Acrylic processing aid  environmental protection is titanium dioxide industry is no exception , then we go to see the titanium dioxide industry it.
With the deepening awareness of environmental protection , a lot of the industry's products are increasingly focused on adding environmental elements. Titanium dioxide industry , but also should pay attention to protect the environment. Focus on product quality , environmentally friendly products concerned .
As we all know , paper, steel , coal and other heavy polluting industries belong , in the paper industry applications also belong to the heavy pollution of titanium products, titanium dioxide industry also belong to the heavily polluting industries. With the relevant departments of the importance of high- polluting industries , the Department is developing titanium dioxide industry 's pollution control policies . Many companies also  titanium dioxide strengthened titanium dioxide for the prevention and treatment of pollutants , and strive to do a good job fast pace of transformation and upgrading . As we all know, the chemical name is titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide, which is recognized as the world's best performance of white pigment . While pollution is a major problem, but titanium dioxide business environment very seriously . Because, as long as they focus on the environment , the enterprise has a better development . A business to long-term development , in addition to high -quality products and quality services , but also should have some sense of social responsibility . After all, is a commercial society , in the family exist, and can not simply not pay attention to the development of the views of the people around . In the development of enterprises do not care about an important part of environmental protection . Companies only care about their Plastic chemical  own economic development , but also pay attention to social benefits, in order to have a longer-term development .
 Titanium dioxide industry needs to pay attention to environmental protection , which is a manifestation of social responsibility . Of course, the titanium dioxide industry , there are many companies to focus on quality and titanium dioxide business environment , will combine to make the idea as a business development momentum.

Anatase titanium dioxide synthesis of some of the elaborate

 Divided titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide two categories, but their production and synthesis method is not the same? Of course, is not the same, different titanium dioxide has a different production technology and production formula , and now we look anatase titanium dioxide synthesis methods and production processes it.
1 , the use of leaching firing . Containing 95% or more of natural barium oxide and anthracite 3:01 ( mass ) mixed plastic processing aid  feed barium sulfate , crushed to a diameter of about 2 cm below the reduction furnace , oven temperature control before 1000 1200 ℃ after the first 500? 600 ℃ , 80 , in turn reducing the speed of the furnace , the reaction conversion rate of 80% ? 90% of the sulfide obtained in the rotating extractor , the temperature control to 65 ℃ above , barium , barium sulfide content is 701 % and further refinement of the cylinder of zinc sulfate was added to clarify the reaction , zinc sulfate content of more than 28 % of the  lead stearate control , pH value of 8-9 , and the resulting mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide has a density of 1.296 ? 1.357 g ╱ cc . Frame after pressing , the reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a cake , such as anatase type titanium dioxide , the water content of not more than 45 %, thus changing the crystal was dried calcined calcined anatase titania, and 80 ℃, temperature , using sulfuric acid. Finally wash, enhanced toner, pressure filtration, drying and grinding. 2, the prepared solution , barium sulfide , barite firing . Compressed zinc sulfate solution, the reaction with sulfuric acid and zinc oxide , po PVC stabilizer for wire  prepared by the metathesis reaction , to obtain a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate precipitation, and the precipitate was filtered under pressure , calcination, wet milling , drying, crushing , lithopone to be finished. He BAS zinc sulfide barium sulfate →
3, with the right system common titanium dioxide calcined product obtained by beating to , washed successively with sodium silicate , sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum and a surface active agent for surface treatment , and then filtered , washed with water , dried , possibly .

2013年10月30日星期三

plasticizer compatibility of the polymer is good or bad in accordance with the trial and experience to determine

Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester, a few are a low melting solid, they do not generally react with PVC. Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility, low price, high plasticization efficiency, plasticized speed, durability (low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance), environmental stability good (light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant), health is good (to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non-polluting, tasteless), electrical insulation, good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the  aluminium distearate conditions. In actual use, the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore, to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic, beautiful appearance; plastic sheeting requirements harmless to crops, light, heat; wire and cable materials are the main PVC window stabilizer  requirements and good electrical insulation. In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should also focus on the selection of the following factors: PVC resin performance; product performance required; plasticizer processing adaptability, cost. Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself, compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered. Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency, plasticizers no segregation, no exudation, product flexibility and long service life. In the production practice, plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins, and a suitable solvent by mixing, to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film, its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility, fuzzy means poor compatibility. Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No vegetable stearic acid  description plasticizer exudation good compatibility, oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse. According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar. Thus, the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer. Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity, dipole moment, and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds. Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC, plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter, dielectric constant of 4-8.

Plasticizer: green alternative trend of some use

For a long time, plasticizer DOP (dioctyl phthalate) and other phthalate products. With these additives in the food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely, toxicity studies in it more and more attention. Found that when the blood inlet PVC storage bag body, the products that are found in the lungs with DOP. Although the DOP is carcinogenic to make people still debated, but because of its carcinogenic potential suspects, countries have taken the appropriate restrictive stearate lead  measures. At present, the domestic production of some of the main plasticizer properties, especially health, low toxicity, it is difficult to meet the environmental requirements.
Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film, used in high fat meat products, or use it to wrap food in the microwave, the plasticizer into the food more opportunities, potentially harmful to human health. DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard, the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the dibasic lead stearate  use. Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts, especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research. However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market, and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion. Due to low prices, the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
In recent years, the rapid development  PVC heat stabilizer for window of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives, but mainly on the volume growth. Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production, product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection, China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development, increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance, and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages, and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot.

2013年10月29日星期二

Synthetic lubricants synthesis of the main

Organic synthesis method and the system having a specific structure and properties of lubricants, such as silicone oil , silicone esters , phosphate esters, fluorine oil , ester oil and synthetic hydrocarbon oil. Synthetic lubricants to meet the general mineral oil can not meet the severe operating conditions ( such as aviation , aerospace, deep-sea exploration and nuclear industries ) application requirements. Performance titanium dioxide  by the use of synthetic lubricants can be divided into high and low temperature lubricants, fire resistant lubricants, extreme pressure lubricants, protective lubricants, anti-radiation lubricating oil, lubricating oil antioxidant , high vacuum lubricant oil, electrical and metalworking lubricants oil. Water-based liquid water-based liquid poor lubricating performance than oil , is generally not used for pure lubrication occasions . It is commonly used for the metal cutting process in the cutting fluid , to a  black iron oxide cooling , lubrication, cleaning and rust and other effects , but also for the hydraulic system . Commonly used in industrial water-based liquid is diluted with water from the oil-based emulsion , water -oil -and water-in -oil types . ① In the oil-in -water emulsion , the oil in small droplets dispersed in water , a liquid emulsion was translucent ( droplet diameter of 0.05 to 0.1 microns ) or milky liquid ( droplet diameter of 0.1 to 1 micron time ) . In order to maintain a certain stability of the emulsion , should be added to the liquid from the emulsifying surfactant. Oil-in -water emulsion  calcium zinc stabilizer Foreign Secretary is water, oil content is low , and so the cooling water flow are close to rust, poor lubricity . ② The water-in- oil emulsion , the oil the water , the benefits are not rust, viscosity, can be used as hydraulic oil.

What is produced by the human body lubricant

It has long been trying to apply the lubricant human , lubricants ( liquid ) most applications in clinical medicine in the early examination of the human body : a lot of medical equipment will be in -depth at different levels of the human body caused by mechanical injury , lubricants You can minimize the body tissue , mucosal damage. Early human lubricant is  tribasic lead sulphate glycerin and hydrophilic substance as the main component , was improved by adding glass , sodium ethyl cellulose , Kaposi mother and other ingredients, improved reducing sticky , balance pH , to try and human humoral similar , reducing the probability of occurrence of allergic symptoms .
Lubricants used in human sexuality also has a very long history , but early people used vegetable oils such as olive oil and so on. However, due to limited composition effect is not ideal , easily contaminated clothing , not easy to be absorbed by the body ; Later, people Acrylic processing aid  have tried to use Vaseline, baby oil , shower gel, massage oil, petroleum-based mineral oil as a lubricating substance ; these substances are often sticky too large and difficult to clean after use is likely to cause residues, even after use is likely to be blocked by both men and women the urethra , resulting in difficulty urinating pain , and it will destroy the carbon black  condom stable , resulting in unwanted pregnancies , which will be on the human body damage ; now on the market are mainly used in the human body lubricant sex lubricating ; human lubricant weak acidic PH value 5-7 , consistent with the vaginal environment , while its viscosity is 1500-2000mpa.s lubricating properties and is the body's secretions are not available , so the lubricant is not only excellent human body secretions supplements , better play secretions can not achieve smooth effect, the colorless , odorless , tasteless , non greasy characteristics , allowing people to fully enjoy the natural sex. While the use of more safe and convenient.

2013年10月28日星期一

Zinc stearate, plays an important role in the coating

Zinc stearate is mainly used in paint wood primer , since filling role in enhancing polish . Transparency, transparency of the coating effect is small, especially for transparent primer. With the direct method zinc stearate manufacturers slowly increased competitive pressures in the domestic zinc stearate coating performance has been dramatically improved. Zinc stearate coating , in addition to focusing on grinding and transparent , but also some other factors such as oil absorption , thickening , particle size, dispersion , etc. on the overall performance of methyl tin stabilizer  wood have also been affected. Zinc stearate mainly in wood primer has several technical indicators affect its paint performance: 1, polish
In wood primer , grinding performance in the paint is a very important indicator , the usual test method is the same coating formulation , spray plate while at the same time grinding test , there is no fixed standard . 2 , in a transparent primer transparency , transparency direct impact on the aesthetic appearance of wood . Thus , the production of zinc stearate, water can not be used in the transparent wood , mainly because of too many impurities . The direct method in the production of zinc stearate is able to meet the requirements of purity , but also very high demands on the process , different production processes a great impact on the transparency , there may be slight differences on the process of transparency led to huge differences 3 , thickening production of coatings thickened manufacturers of zinc stearate is acceptable because zinc stearate added to the paint finished products , to determine its viscosity , the factory already settled indicator , the error is even in ± 500mP · s, so the test method of thickening zinc stearate is generally used to test a rotational viscometer , the viscosity and good  yellow iron oxide dispersion if just a few hours after the deviation is greater than the viscosity 500mP · s, as thickening 4 , oil absorption amount of oil and thickening think not the same concept , oil volume ratio of added amount in the same conditions, make the product viscosity, the viscosity does not exceed a period of time the error value ± 500mP · s. Oil Absorption test standards "DIN ENISO787-5-1995", usually in the PU coating on the oil absorption is not much demand because of the production will not cause much impact, paint manufacturers have high requirements on oil absorption , it may be some paint manufacturers to add more solvent , but want to reduce solvent evaporation , we must find some high oil absorption material added to it , and the amount of zinc stearate oil relative to other additives are higher oil absorption 5 additives , particle size is to indicate the size of the indicator particles of zinc stearate , are  titanium dioxide anatase generally used to measure the fineness . The easiest test is usually the result fineness is the fastest scraper fineness, usually in alkyd resin by adding a certain percentage of zinc powder dispersion , then add a little solvent viscosity good tune , and then use Fineness gauge testing, such test results will be higher than the actual fineness little too large , because the resin powder is wrapped in possession of a certain thickness , but as long as comparable and reproducible set standards in this test method can be to measure whether the excessive fineness . 6 , dispersed in the paint manufacturing process , there are many manufacturers dispersion problems mentioned . Under normal circumstances , zinc stearate dispersed in the paint is not a problem , but in the production of zinc stearate , there will be some indicators will cause the dispersion of certain effects, such as zinc stearate acid value is too high, the temperature is too high semi workers pressure occurs when the package is too severe zinc in the coating dispersion bad problem , but if the water is too high in zinc crystals also occur problems are considered dispersion good.

PVC heat stabilizer in the process is an indispensable additive

PVC heat stabilizers are indispensable in the process additives , as human beings living on their own health and environmental concerns surrounding gradual increase awareness of the world has promulgated a series of measures to limit the use of heavy metal heat stabilizers .
Outside the industry generally believe that understanding of PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection has become an tribasic lead sulphate  irreversible trend , PVC heat stabilizers in the process of environmental protection , research and development non-toxic, non-polluting , composite , and efficient heat stabilizers have been more widely application .
PVC resin having a self- catalytic release HCL, or to instability of the PVC resin produced by reflection from the addition polyalkylene structure , to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin . Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. Here are a few people stabilizer features:
1 lead salt stabilizer is mainly used  vegetable stearic acid in hard products in . Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability , excellent electrical properties , low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, large numbers of composite stabilizer , one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced . Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong , pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients . However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly.
2 barium cadmium -based stabilizers is white foaming agent  better performance of a heat stabilizers . Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting . Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use .
3 calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education , a large amount of calcium -based stabilizers when transparency is poor , easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears.
4 organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a better variety of transparent products , especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer.

2013年10月27日星期日

impact modifier and processing modifiers contrast between

Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass  iron oxide yellow transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS  chromium oxide resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine polyethylene oxide  content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .

Impact modifiers described in some detail

The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of Impact modifier for PVC  the material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene (
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by vegetable stearic acid  rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must liquid stabilizer  assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks

2013年10月25日星期五

PVC plastic formulations detailed process stabilizer

PVC processed at high temperatures, can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure. Meanwhile, HCL has a self-catalysis, will make further degraded PVC. In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and cadmium ions, will catalyze the degradation of PVC, accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration, deformation, cracking, mechanical plastic processing aid  strength, electrical insulation performance, brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems, the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition, to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin. Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in. Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability, excellent electrical properties, low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number, one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced. Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong, pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients. However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium-based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers. Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting. Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use. Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education, a large amount of calcium-based stabilizers when transparency is poor, easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a iron oxide red  better variety of transparent products, especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy-type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat, the drawback is easy to bleed. As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can. In recent years, there is also a rare earth-based stabilizers, and hydrotalcite-based stabilizer, a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability, and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic. (Two) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat, ultraviolet light oxidation, which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related. Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger. Its main role is to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound, the chain reaction terminated, PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent, PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso-octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors, because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation, PVC molecules into the excited state, or a chemical bond is destroyed, causing  white blowing agent radical chain reaction, and to promote the aging degradation of PVC. In order to improve UV resistance, often by adding an ultraviolet absorber. PVC commonly used are triazine UV absorber -5, UV-9, UV-326, TBS, BAD, OBS. Triazine-5 best, but the film slightly yellow, yellow, phthalocyanine blue, adding a small amount can be improved. PVC plastic sheeting commonly used in UV-9, the general amount of 0.2 to 0.5 parts. Is salicylic acid TBS, BAD AND OBS mild action, used in conjunction with antioxidants, you will get a good anti-aging effect. For non-transparent products, usually by adding shading rutile titanium dioxide to improve weather resistance, then if we add UV absorbers, you need a large amount, is not very cost-effective. (D) a chelating agent in PVC plastic stabilizing system, often adding secondary phosphite antioxidant is not only, but also play the role of a chelating agent. It prompted PVC with HCL off harmful metal ions to form metal contact and material. Phosphite are used triphenyl phosphite, phenyl phosphite, diisopropyl phosphite, diphenyl octyl acrylate and octyl. In PVC plastic sheeting, in general, the amount of 0.5 to 1, when used alone initially easy to color, thermal stability is not good, generally associated with metal soaps and use...

PVC thermal degradation and thermal stabilizer is different

Thermal degradation of PVC industrial production mainly due to its molecular structure containing labile defects. Currently, the synthesis can not fundamentally improved methods and processes to avoid or reduce the generation of defects, so adding "thermal stabilizer" PVC improve thermal stability. In practical applications requiring heat stabilizers have a more comprehensive performance, any one of a single component heat stabilizers are unable to meet. Thermal stabilizers actual synergistic effect on the development of composite system design principles, called compound heat stabilizer. Zinc-based composite thermal stability synergy: synergistic heat stabilizers "and in HCl", HCl and ZnCl2 concentration inhibiting growth  PVC stabilizer for cable weakened HCl catalytic thermal degradation of PVC, PVC to improve long-term stability; synergistic heat stabilizers and HCl stabilizers protect the main effect, slowing consumption, thereby slowing the rate of PVC discoloration. Main effect by replacing unstable chlorine stabilizer inhibition of thermal degradation of PVC triggered not only suppressed discoloration of PVC, while also protecting the heat stabilizer synergist, slowing its consumption.
  PVC is one of the world's five  iron oxide red common plastics in China, the first one of its consumption. China's economic development, especially the development of urbanization and real estate, to make PVC building materials in China was a great opportunity for development, its demand substantial growth; addition, transportation, communications and other fields demand for PVC resin was rapid growth. PVC profile windows and doors for cold insulation, weather resistance and good corrosion resistance, environmental compliance, energy consumption than ordinary steel doors and windows can save 17%. China's total energy consumption of building energy consumption accounted for about 1/4, building insulation performance, energy consumption accounted for 50% of housing energy waste. Today's increasingly global concern for environmental issues to prevent climate warming, the application of magnesium hydroxide  different doors and windows will have new potential. Thermal stabilizer the performance of the basic thermal stability, processing and weathering resistance. With the development of the plastics industry, and other performance additives accompanied exist, the optimized design of the "one package" of products are PVC heat stabilizers entered a mature stage of the landmark achievements. Balanced overall performance, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, easy to use and customize to improve production efficiency, "a package" of composite stabilizer, is expected to be in the world has been generally welcomed, and become the future development trend.

2013年10月24日星期四

flocculation of aluminum sulfate application

Earlier we said aluminum sulfate use is the second largest in wastewater treatment applications, it is a typical industrial water treatment chemicals , industrial water treatment has a wide range of processing capabilities, however, it is most important is PVC profile stabilizer  as flocculation agent. So, what is the flocculation and sedimentation , flocculation applications it is kind of how it .
What is flocculation
Flocculation is particulate matter in the water for flocculation and sedimentation process. After adding coagulant in water , in which colloidal and suspended solids dispersed particles generated in the interaction of molecular forces floc and in the settlement process they collide cohesion, its size and quality continues to become larger, increasing the settling velocity . Depends not only on removal of suspended  Methyl tin solids sedimentation rate , and the depth and precipitation . Surface water formed after adding coagulant alum , sewage organic suspended solids in the activated sludge process will appear in the precipitation flocculation phenomenon.
Flocculation of aluminum sulfate application simply say that aluminum sulfate dissolved in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby  liquid stabilizer removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Flocs grow to a volume after the force of gravity from the water phase precipitation , thereby removing large suspended solids in the wastewater , so as to achieve the effect of treatment . Of course, as an industrial water treatment chemicals , aluminum sulfate is not currently the best results , it is less efficient than the current polyacrylamide flocculation is strong, but the price is much lower than it polyacrylamide , PAC and other polymeric flocculation agent

Introduction of oil deodorant bleaching agent aluminum sulfate Properties and Uses

Earlier we talked about the major role of aluminum sulfate in paper sizing and sewage coagulation , it is also said that it is in the application of mineral flotation . Today, that is  PVC processing aid  to say it as oil deodorant DECOLOURIZATION . Here they use their no iron or low iron products.
Oil deodorant bleaching agent without iron sulfate white crystals soluble in water , insoluble in alcohol , acidic aqueous solution , dehydration temperature is 86.5 ℃, heated to 250 ℃ lose crystal water , anhydrous aluminum sulfate is heated to 300 ℃ begin to decompose . Anhydrous white crystals having a pearl luster .
Deodorant use bleaching agent aluminum sulfate
It is mainly used for paper sizing agent and drinking water , industrial water and wastewater treatment flocculant , or the production of artificial gems and other aluminum salts , such as ammonium alum, potassium alum, aluminum sulfate refining raw materials. Further , aluminum sulfate is also widely used in high- clarifier , oil deodorant fluorescent brightener  bleaching agents, concrete waterproofing agent , fine paper forging white , titanium dioxide film after the production process and catalyst carrier .
Aluminum sulfate can be used as oil deodorant bleaching agents, however, with the long-long science and technology special bleaching agent compared to effects and high chroma for dye decolorization treatment and paint, ink, paper and other industrial wastewater treatment are relatively poor.

2013年10月23日星期三

Detailed description of the main lubricant

Grease, inorganic and organic grease grease 4 categories.
Solid lubricant
Sports watch two opposite surfaces for reducing friction and wear of the solid powder or a film. Commonly used solid lubricant with stone
Lubricants
Ink, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE, nylon, boron nitride and fluorinated graphite. Solid lubricant mainly used  PVC stabilizer for fittings in demanding tough conditions, such as heavy (heavy machinery and metal cold extrusion dies, etc.), high temperature (steel machinery, nuclear reactors such as stents), low speed (Machine Tool, etc.), ultra-high vacuum (spacecraft machinery, etc.), cryogenic (liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen pump, etc.), strong radiation (nuclear reactors, etc.), strong corrosion (chemical equipment, etc.), pollution (thrust spacecraft systems, textile machinery and paper machinery etc.), after the installation staff inconvenience close  oxidized PE WAX  (nuclear energy machinery and aircraft parts and other seals) and requirements of the environment is very clean (food, medical and pharmaceutical machinery, etc.) and other occasions. General use of the solid lubricant are: ① Overall use, such as nylon or PTFE, plastic gears, bearings and cams; ② in the form of a variety of coating film, such as adhesive film, a conversion coating, plasma sprayed film and sputtering film; ③ a composite material or combination of materials used in the form, such as the metal-matrix Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  composites and metal liquid impregnated into the pores of the metal graphite composite material such as graphite; ④ direct use of solid lubricant powder or the powder such as graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder added to the oil, the use of grease.

Use of lubricants in general precautions

Lubricants varieties are more commonly used external lubricants are paraffin wax, stearic acid and its salts; lubricants with relatively low molecular weight PE, PTFE, PP, etc. These low molecular weight  aluminium stearate polymer is not only excellent lubricants, but also a good external lubricant. Sometimes, a lubricant effect is often not satisfactory, requires several lubricants used in conjunction with a compound resulting lubricant can play a role in many aspects. Better. The amount of lubricant is generally 0.5% to 1%.
In the selection of lubricant, should follow the following principles:
1, if the mobility of the polymer molding process has been to meet the needs of the major considerations lubricant meets the technical requirements, whether to facilitate stripping, in order to ensure internal and external balance.
2, external lubrication is satisfactory, you should see it in the molding, the plastic surface of the liquid film  methyl tin stabilizer can form a complete, therefore, outside the melting point of the lubricant with the molding temperature should be close to, but note there are differences between 10-30 ℃ , so as to form a complete film.
3, the compatibility with the polymer medium size, internal and external lubrication balance, non-blooming, easy to scale.
4, the lubricant is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability, does not decompose during processing, non-volatile, non-corrosive, non-polluting products, there is no toxicity.

2013年10月22日星期二

PVC plastic formulations stabilizer design of the main idea of

PVC processed at high temperatures , can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure . Meanwhile , HCL has a self- catalysis , will make further degraded PVC . In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc , tin, copper and cadmium ions , will catalyze the degradation of PVC , accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration , deformation , cracking , mechanical strength , electrical insulation performance , brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems , the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants , ultraviolet absorbers , and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be heat stabilizer for panel  able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition , to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin . Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in . Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability , excellent electrical properties , low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number , one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced . Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong , pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients . However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium -based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers . Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting . Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use . Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and  triple pressed stearic acid medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education , a large amount of calcium -based stabilizers when transparency is poor , easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a better variety of transparent products , especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy- type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat , the drawback is easy to bleed . As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can . In recent years, there is also a rare earth -based stabilizers , and hydrotalcite -based stabilizer , a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability , and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic . ( Two ) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat , ultraviolet light oxidation , which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related . Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger . Its main role is Dioctyl phthalate  to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound , the chain reaction terminated , PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent , PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso- octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C ) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors , because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation , PVC molecules into the excited state , or a chemical bond is destroyed , causing radical chain reaction , and to promote the aging degradation of PVC . In order to improve UV resistance , often by adding an ultraviolet absorber .

Application performance organic pigments

 Organic Pigments Industrial Technology Development and other industrial technology, its applications continues to expand, higher demands , prompting the related technology to the deeper direction. Organic pigments its requirements can be summarized as follows: ① gentrification products that meet the metal coating durability, weather fastness , heat resistance, solvent resistance, and resistance to migration performance and other requirements ; ② organic pigments dosage of , the development of PVC processing aid  specific applications performance -specific products, such as water , oil , easy dispersibility , high transparency , heat resistance, excellent migration resistance new special formulations , having a high purity crystalline form of certain special features of the organic pigment.
 Applications department requirements to promote the rapid development of organic pigment industry technology , from classical organic synthesis reaction unit ( such as halogenation, nitration , reduction, condensation, diazotization, coupling reaction ) , filtration, separation, drying, grinding process gradually penetrate multidisciplinary areas such as solid state physics chemistry, morphology, powder surface chemistry, interfacial chemistry , solid solution and crystal chemistry , polymer chemistry and powder dispersion technology. Which highlights the research focus for the aluminum stearate  development of new varieties of structural pigments , colored crystal particle surface modification treatment technology, efficient pigment dispersion technology , organic pigments and commercial processing technology and application performance testing and evaluation.
( 1 ) novel chemical structure of the development of varieties pigment
Purpose is to improve the durability of paint , heat stability, resistance to weather fastness , solvent stability and resistance to migration performance ; bright shade , high  PVC foaming board stabilizer tinting strength yellow, orange , red, purple and brown varieties to meet with performance Dacron blue, green copper phthalocyanine pigment to match the requirements. The principal means of synthesis of new heterocyclic structure of the pigment , a good molecular planarity . Symmetry , with a specific substituent , change the molecular polarity , can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds , to improve heat stability and resistance to migration . Based paint durability ( light resistance, weather fastness , heat stability , solvent resistance and migration resistance , etc. ) of the level classification , grade ( high ) , or organic pigments HOP HGP (HighPerformanceOrganicPigments; HighGradePignents), has not only excellent application fastness properties , and value-added products , is high. Undoubtedly increasing organic pigment product formulations to meet specific application areas , high-performance requirements, will be an important trend in the future .

2013年10月21日星期一

PVC processing some of the main trends

Business cards PVC futures , that the subject matter as pvc futures varieties. Namely polyvinyl chloride PVC (polyvinylchloride), the thermoplastic resin . With steel, wood, cement and said the four  plastic processing aid basic building materials, with PP, PE, ABS, PS and said five general-purpose resins, chlor-alkali industry is the largest organic consumption of chlorine products. Contents Introduction PVC PVC PVC physicochemical properties futures trade analysis profile status Exports Imports Consumption of PVC PVC futures Consumption Consumption regional characteristics of Chinese PVC PVC PVC futures main function is to provide enterprise risk avoidance and transfer tool for price discovery help companies out of the blind helps optimize PVC PVC futures price formation mechanism procedures to comply with the  red iron oxide standard delivery main delivery point delivery of PVC benchmark delivery to site selection and non- delivery to the reference design PVC futures risk premiums and discounts between the control and management methods ( a ) price limits system design ( two ) trading margin system design ( three ) position limits institutional design ( four ) forced open system, the large trade reporting system designed to spot PVC PVC futures most active areas of contrast with the electronic trading market PVC futures market price factors 1 , 2 supply and tio2 anatase  demand changes in the international crude oil market volatility four , five national policy changes , raw material price changes 6 , the export situation PVC futures and spot market relations existing PVC futures investment value ( a ) carry trade , a stable income through 2 of arbitrage , arbitrage through the plan period , three , through cross- breed

PVC processing aids some of the main applications

This uses the advanced polymerization techniques and drying process development high molecular weight polymer , PVC products can promote gelation , improve melt fluidity and improved processing Metal stearate  performance. Widely used in PVC profiles , sheet, pipe , pipe fittings and foam products .
Basic physical performance indicators:
Appearance: white flowing powder
Intrinsic viscosity (η) 25 ℃: 8.0 ~ 11.0
Particle size ( 40 mesh pass rate ) ≥ 98
Volatile (%) ≤ 1.0
Bulk density (g/cm3) 0.3 ~ 0.5
Application Features
 In PVC processing to add this product to promote gelation PVC , the melt fluidity is improved , thereby improving the  red iron oxide thermal melt strength and elongation , improved internal and surface quality products ; while reducing the melting time and increase productivity ; addition , can significantly reduce the variety of ingredients used in the processing of the deposition surface of the device , to ensure smooth production. High yield, high melt fluidity finish plasticizing fast , modified high efficiency cell uniformity , density and other characteristics.
Applications
 Non-transparent products, such as pipe fittings, profiles, sheet foam pipe foam panels.

2013年10月11日星期五

Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations

Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations, generally can be classified according to the chemical composition of lead salts, metal soaps (such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium, calcium, lead and zinc soap, etc.), organic tin , epoxy esters and chelating agents (such as phosphorous Type).
Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the  magnesium stearate largest amount of a class of stabilizers. In these products, a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and so on. "One package" type products is likely to exist between additive synergies, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect, and eliminates the need for cumbersome to calculate the amount of the aid to facilitate the user's use and storage, but also reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution . Foreign markets products AKGros representative of Interlite series. Lead salt heat stabilizer lower than the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, while the tribasic lead sulphate  complex (especially non-toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growing faster than average growth rate, the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide oriented, national attention to the environment due to human survival. Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts in the PVC processing applications, products accelerated restructuring, new products, new formulations developed very active.
 The traditional single lead salt powdered, granular single lead salts and crisp like a single lead salt, the latter is to eliminate both powdered lead salts in the production and use of lead salts of dust pollution, improve safety production. But in terms of lead salts of lead oxide content, it is no longer just about 90%, but to develop in the direction of  n-butyl stearate low lead content and low toxicity. At present, foreign direct synthesis reaction has ceased production made of tribasic lead sulfate, lead salt on the market stabilizer, dispersing after surface treatment are the good performance of these products or with a mixture of other additives.
As countries PVC processing technology, equipment, and extrusion speeds increase, and global increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the thermal stabilizer more stringent requirements, heat stabilizers general trend is to the non-(low) lead , cadmium, low dust, compound effectively and easily dispersed direction, to environmental protection, the development of special type.
Another focus of development is the set of stability, lubricity, oxidation resistance, UV resistance and flame resistance in one, made of composite stabilizer. Multiple composite "one package" type products become market development

Cold extrusion of the metal zinc stearate main description of the processing

Cold extrusion is a precision plastic volumetric forming technology is an important component. Cold extrusion is in the cold state of the metal blank into the mold cavity, the strong pressure and a constant speed under the effect of forcing the metal is extruded from the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  mold cavity, to achieve the desired shape and size, and a certain mechanical extrusion performance.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle, cosmetic aluminum tube, the bullet casing, at present, auto parts, 30% ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process.
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin, silver, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel. Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, and Kovar, etc. can also be cold extrusion, even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation.
Cold extrusion, metal materials produced  red iron oxide severe plastic deformation, the unit squeeze a lot of pressure, especially in cold extrusion of steel, the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure, if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface, making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life, determines the success or failure squeeze.
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant (such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.), there are solid (such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate, graphite, etc.), they may be used  black iron oxide alone, or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1. Reduce friction between the billet and the mold; 2. Reduce mold wear and improve die life; 3. Improve the quality of products. (1) cold forging lubricant: For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment. The so-called "phosphate" is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal, this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed, can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold. The so-called "saponification" is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant, so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant.
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time, phosphate strict quality requirements, while the phosphate waste pollute the environment, and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process.
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability, extension, adhesion, lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions, successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process (degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried), ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication. And once completed: Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation, surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy, improve surface quality, maximum protection of the mold surface, to extend the life of the mold. A thin lubricant film formed, one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30% to 45%.
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer, even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming, the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface, and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again. Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface, which is characterized more apparent.

2013年10月10日星期四

Red iron oxide in the development and application of coatings

Our iron oxide red, the economic environment, the raw material used as a pigment, a perfect fit. Next, we take a look to understand that the development of environmentally friendly and red iron oxide in the coating application bar.
Development and red iron oxide in the  plastic additive coating in the application:
In the oxygen steel converter process, high temperature steam iron in an oxygen rich conditions, the oxidation condensation aerosols or cohesion quickly oxidized to fine spherical oxide particles (spherical surface with minimal free energy), the time to conversion of α-Fe2O3'll be blown or pulled out of the high temperature zone, the gas phase of Fe3O4 and FeO forms preserved to show its ferromagnetic properties. This process is similar to the formation of the production process of synthetic iron oxide red ferric hydroxide gel is dehydrated crystalline α-Fe2O3, and thereby gives the pigment properties.
BOF dust and sludge produced in the polyethylene oxide  process of red iron oxide, is essentially a process of removing impurities to the thick, which is due to formation of dust and mud determined complex environment, the environment in the oxygen steel converter, there must be refractory debris, alkaline flux of dust and splashing droplets of molten steel into the inside of the flue dust mixed with mud and become part of it. Subtle temperature materials often also a steam iron core cohesion, while molten droplets larger than 20 microns can not fully oxidized and become black particles must be removed. Therefore, the processing of dust and mud out of coarse screening, mainly to remove refractory, metallurgical flux debris and small steel particles, hydraulic classification is not fully oxidized primarily to remove  tin stabilizer particles or low iron oxides.
BOF dust and sludge production of iron oxide red paint with good performance, small size, easy to disperse, with a stable nature, several Baidu can withstand high temperatures, especially with excellent anti-settling properties, mainly from two aspects: One converter iron red with good magnetic properties, the magnetic domain of the magnetic proximity unit will be arranged in a certain orientation of the magnetic force of the magnetic gel, excluding the caking tendency of sink to the bottom; the other hand, the pigment fine particle size, large specific surface area, surface free energy large, fully wetted by the resin wrapped, suspension excellent, not easy to sink to the bottom, thereby enhancing the stability of the paint.

Broad field of application of titanium dioxide

 Titanium dioxide is a very broad field of application, then the application of titanium dioxide are used in the end what areas and what areas? If you want to know, please read our article carefully to see if you want to know more about titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide or magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  related information like him to pay attention to our official website to learn about the latest relevant information, in the hope that our website give you some help.
Titanium dioxide has a high refractive index, particle size distribution of the particles is ideal, with good hiding power and good coloring white pigment widely used in paints, rubber, plastics, paper, inks, daily chemical, electronics, micro-electromechanical and environmental protection industries.
Paint industry: paint industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide. Among them, rutile titanium dioxide coatings industry is mainly consumed. Production of titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, color dose, the province focused, variety, stable media can play  yellow iron oxide a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesive film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life.
Plastics industry: In addition to titanium dioxide plastic, plastic products, can improve the heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance, improved plastic products physical and chemical properties, and improve the mechanical strength and prolong life. 3 Paper industry: paper industry is a major consumer of titanium dioxide. As the paper burden, mainly used for fine paper and tissue paper. In this file add titanium dioxide, can make paper with good whiteness, gloss, high strength, thin and flexible, printing does not penetrate, the quality of light. Paper is generally used without a surface treatment of the titanium dioxide anatase type titanium dioxide, can be used as optical brighteners, thus increasing the brightness of the document. But requires the use of rutile titanium dioxide rolling treated paper surface in response to light and heat requirements.
4, advanced ink: titanium dioxide or iron oxide yellow  advanced essential white pigment ink. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
Chemical industry, chemical fiber and textile fiber textile industry is another important application of titanium dioxide. Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent. As sweet red, gold anatase, anatase general. The titanium fiber surface usually do not require treatment, but some special varieties to reduce photochemical reaction of titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide, in order to prevent degradation of the photocatalytic effect of the fiber, the need for surface treatment.

2013年10月9日星期三

aluminum sulfate removal of heavy metal fluoride contamination

Wastewater containing fluoride and heavy metal pollution of water pollution in the two pollution hazards for humans and the environment can not be overlooked . The aluminum sulfate is such a common coagulant can remove heavy metals in sewage and fluorine pollution.
Aluminum sulfate application  magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in heavy metal wastewater aluminum sulfate is actually a heavy metal chelating agent to polymer processing technology of heavy metals and inorganic fluorine reagent processing technology combined with an extremely simple approach . And symbiotic aluminum sulfate precipitation method using the principle, containing arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals and heavy metal zinc borate flame retardant  waste generated by adjusting the pH precipitation method symbiosis removed.
The fluorine-containing aluminum sulfate aluminum sulfate treatment method applied fluoride concentration on high or larger flow of wastewater, if the individual dosing calcium fluoride , precipitation is very slow , and the flocculant alone will increase the cost of processing , so commonly used is first using chemical precipitation, aluminum sulfate and then adsorbent or coagulant treatment, so fluorine content down to 10 mg / L or less. Chemical precipitation method is relatively simple, easy to handle , low cost effective, mainly for treatment of high concentration fluoride wastewater . Coagulation law generally applies only to lower fluoride wastewater treatment . Adsorption method is mainly applied to a small quantity of process water .
Heavy metals in wastewater treatment technology and red iron oxide  precipitation, soda sulphide , iron salt method , chelate resin method , etc. are the most frequently used and aluminum sulfate precipitation method . Currently both aluminum sulfate and heavy metal fluoride removal from wastewater and examples of new technologies , but are rare. The use of polymer heavy metal chelating agent / inorganic reagents while removing heavy metals from wastewater and fluorine. Aluminum sulfate as a chemical coagulant , may be used for the treatment of waste water containing fluorine is low , the adsorption of heavy metal pollution of subsidence . The large amount of fluoride wastewater treatment , you can use aluminum sulfate plus lime, or together constitute polyacrylamide coagulant chemical adsorption precipitation treatment method for processing.

How to detect the purity aluminum potassium sulfate and its components

Potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate is a product of the same is acidic chemicals , have adsorption sedimentation, coagulation and sedimentation in water treatment agent. Then for measuring it , is  dibasic lead phosphite not it the same?
Potassium aluminum sulfate Detection
For the detection of the purity aluminum potassium sulfate is usually generated using barium chloride , barium sulphate precipitation. Testing the purity of aluminum potassium sulfate , he first dissolved in water, if barium chloride , in that the resulting precipitate sulfate not only impurities ( not complete reaction of aluminum sulfate or potassium sulfate ) , aluminum potassium sulfate is also out of the ionization ah. Then a semi-permeable membrane filtration filter can be removed alum gel . Using the  PVC heat stabilizer for window mass of barium sulfate ( precipitated barium sulfate ) to obtain the sulfate ion amount of material , in turn, can calculate the mass of potassium aluminum sulfate , aluminum sulfate can calculate the mass fraction of potassium
How to detect the composition of aluminum potassium sulfate
In the laboratory, how should we determine potassium alum ionic components it contains ? 1 , test sulfate : with BaCl2 solution , a white precipitate , adding HNO3 insoluble. 2 , inspection Al3 +: addition of NaOH produce amorphous white flocculent precipitate is dissolved in excess , leads to CO2 reappeared . 3 , test K +: Add sodium tetraphenylborate , a precipitate is proved K +. Add NaClO4 also produced a white precipitate. Or flame reaction can epoxidation of soybean oil  also be used , boron beads experiments are also available.
For potassium aluminum sulfate component detection methods , the same applies to the aluminum sulfate and ammonium alum water for testing. This is because they have adsorption, can produce gel deposition , and chemical raw materials with similar properties . However, the choice of the detection agent will be somewhat different.

2013年10月8日星期二

PVC (UPVC) injection

Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of  titanium dioxide anatase a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which  heat stabilizer for panel means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.

Deposited zinc stearate

Chemical reagents zinc stearate is often due to improper storage in the storage and deterioration . Some reagents hygroscopic and deliquescence or hydrolysis ; others easily with oxygen in the air , carbon dioxide or other gases diffusion in which to react , and some reagents by  chromium oxide light and ambient temperature will degenerate . Therefore, must be based on the different nature of the reagent , respectively, to take appropriate measures for safekeeping. Preservation methods generally have the following :
1 sealed
After the reagents are generally drawn tightly with a stopper , in particular volatile substances ( such as hydrochloric acid , ammonia ) , and many low boiling point organic compounds ( such as acetone, formaldehyde , acetaldehyde , chloroform, benzene, etc. ) must be tightly closed tightly . Some hygroscopic or a case of steam generating strong hydrolysis reagents such as phosphorus pentoxide , anhydrous AlCl3 , etc., only iron oxide yellow  to close tightly , but also wax seal .
In the air can be spontaneous white phosphorus stored in the water. Reactive metals potassium, sodium To save in kerosene .
2 with brown bottle full bloom and placed in the shade
Light or heat perishable reagents ( such as potassium iodide , hydrogen peroxide , and bromine , chlorine ) to be stored in a brown bottle and placed in a cool place , preventing it from decomposition of deterioration. 3 Dangerous Drugs keep other medicines stored separately
Are easy to explode, burn , toxic, corrosive and  tio2 anatase radioactive and other hazardous substances, as well as by external factors can cause severe chemical accidents , are all hazardous chemicals . They must be stored separately stored , such as perchloric acid can also organics , or prone to explosion. Strong oxidizing substances and organic solvents can corrode the rubber , not in full bloom in a glass bottle with a rubber stopper . Easily affect the purity of the reagent erosion glass reagent , such as hydrofluoric acid , fluoride salt ( potassium fluoride , sodium fluoride , ammonium fluoride ) and caustic alkali (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide ) , shall be stored in polyethylene plastic bottle or a glass bottle coated with paraffin .
Purity: more than 98.0% purity
Specifications : Solid : 5g, 10g , such as different specifications ( specifications , customers can call options )

2013年10月7日星期一

Introduction of polypropylene flame retardants

Describes the polypropylene (PP) flame retardant type and mechanism of resistance ene agent PP summarized research progress and trends. Efficient, low toxicity ,
Low smoke , low cost, versatile, new composite "green" flame retardant PP 21st century focus of the study .
Polypropylene (PP) is a hydrocarbon material , heat of combustion , it is not entirely produced by burning smoke PVC lubricant  and toxic gases, its application is limited . In order to improve flame retardant PP , broadening its field of application , you must add flame retardants.
A , PP fire retardant classification
PP flame retardant more categories, according to the basic performance is divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants ; according to high and low molecular weight divided into low molecular weight and high molecular weight flame retardant ; divided by use of additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Which , by the use of method of classification is more commonly used classification methods . Flame retardant is added to the polymer during processing with a flame retardant
Liquid or solid , including phosphate, halogenated hydrocarbons , the advantage of easy to use for a wide range ; those containing reactive flame retardant is Cl,, Br, P and other elements and reactive flame retardant class of compounds , they are copolymerized with the resin to give a resin flame retardant. Two , PP flame approaches, methods and mechanisms
( A ) , flame retardant PP pathway mainly through three kinds of ways to achieve [ 1 ] : ( 1 ) using the additive flame retardant , flame retardant added over mechanical mixing the polymer to achieve flame purpose ; ( 2 ) use of reactive flame retardant, a flame retardant as a reactive monomer that participate in the reaction ,
Grafted to the polymer main chain or side  chain , the modified polymer has a flame retardant ; ( 3 ) a flame retardant polymer itself . (B ) , the basic method of flame retardant PP basic methods include: ( 1 ) use of foam or non- foam refractory material coating the surface of PP material , to
With oxygen or thermal isolation ; ( 2 ) through the modification of the modified PP matrix material flame retardant. The second method is the main method . ( Three ) , flame retardant mechanism
1 . Termination of a chain reaction mechanism
PP combustion , the general decomposition  Sodium stearate of hydrocarbons. Further oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperatures, decomposition of free radical HO •. HO • The chain reaction
Makes the flame should continue . Halide decomposition of hydrogen halide (HX). HX can capture high-energy HO • and produce X • and
H 2O, while X • R • reacts with the polymer and the HX, but also capture the HO •. This cycle enables highly active HO • Less
Less will eventually contribute to the ripple cut HO • terminate hydrocarbon combustion flame to achieve the purpose . For PP, halides
Usually without the use of fluoride chloride or bromide or iodide . Because fluoride too lively , the formation of molecular fluorine and very stable
Iodine forming compound is unstable , it is rarely used.
2 . Mechanism of protective film
Flame temperature in the combustion swells into a layer of non-combustible protective film covering the surface of the material , isolated from the air and fire retardant . In
Phosphate flame retardant in the PP phosphate, halogen hydrocarbon ester. They differentiate to form a layer of porous insulating film coke , separated
Absolutely air to prevent heat transfer , and thus play a role in flame .
3 . Cooling mechanism
Flame retardant polymer surface can  PVC heat stabilizer for window melt at a lower temperature , the latent heat absorbed or endothermic reaction , consume a lot of heat , from
And to prevent burning. Such as Al (OH) 3 can play in PP flame retardant effect. It is a non- flame-retardant filling aids . When the temperature
No more than 200 ℃, hydration molecules and Al (OH) 3 combined with very strong, even at 230 ℃ for continuous heating will not significantly decompose.
When the polymer is exposed to heat , one of the Al (OH) 3 hydrated plays the role of heat . When the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the polymer combustion,
Al (OH) 3 decomposes to absorb a lot of heat , and  Glycerol monostearate generate water . Water vapor , and absorb a large amount of heat , thereby reducing the polymer
Temperature of PP pyrolysis gas combustion products, the speed is very slow , less than the concentration of combustion can be maintained , thereby preventing burning.