PVC plasticizer
2014年7月31日星期四
The practical application of PVC plastic lubricant
PVC plastic lubricant additive has the functions of a kind used in many products, PVC plastic lubricant can bring many benefits for polymer products. We can use thesebenefits are divided into, have a direct contribution of rutile titanium dioxide on polyolefin color stability and corrosion; lubrication / PVC plastic lubricant processing aids to improve the polyolefin, polyamide, styrene and rubber in the extrusion of PVCstabilizer and pressing molding processability. Mould for thermoplastics andthermosetting products, rubber, such as polyurethane foam and unsaturated polyester. Anatase titanium dioxide and stearic acid metal salt is a kind of used in many products, Jin Hongshi type titanium dioxide additive has a variety of functions,magnesium hydroxide flame retardant can bring many benefits for polymer products.We can use these benefits are mainly divided into three aspects; there is a directcontribution of rutile titanium dioxide stable and corrosion of PVC stabilizer in polyolefin acid neutralizing agent for polyolefin colour; lubrication / processing aids magnesium hydroxide improves the polyolefin, PVC stable agent polyamide,magnesium hydroxide and rubber in the extrusion of PVC stabilizer and pressing whenprocessing. PVC stabilizer mould for thermoplastics and thermosetting products,rubber.
2014年3月9日星期日
intenal lubricant use some of the rules
(1) Lubrication focus in extrusion, injection and other processing within
the lubrication in rolling processing outside the focus. (2) the use of
copolymer resin, an additional external lubricant than pure PVC resin.
(3) the formulation should note the WSD one pack stabilizer following:
① hard than soft lubricant consumption.
② to pay attention to the inherent slip stabilizers. ③ filler amount is
large, the use of large amounts of lubricants; ④ attention inside and
outside lubrication lubrication balance.
⑤ product performance requirements, such as surface appearance,
mechanical properties and hot.
After the excess amount, due to pressure from the lower extrusion die
leaving the film was blown; (1) the amount WSD Stabilizers for pipe of blow molding too little
lubricant can cause mold and thin-film layer between the adhesive stick,
causing processing difficulties: for example as follows cracking in the
seams. Add appropriate lubricants such as stearic acid monoglyceride is
advantageous, the amount is generally not more than 1% (2) precipitates
easily processed with the formulation should be considered a strong
binding force to the metal lubricant is formed like a lubricant agent
films (such as paraffin). (3) cable with plastic products, electrical
properties and generally require a higher quality stability, generally use
only acid soap as a lubricant. Because stearic acid has a corrosive effect
on metal wire, it is generally not.
(4) a metal soap as a lubricant may be, but WSD Azodicarbonamide not excessive amount of HCl
due to the effect of soaps and free fatty acids can lead to increased
blooming phenomenon. Also note the strong lead stearate lubricant, when
the amount of excess plastic hard plasticizers, calcium stearate at high
temperatures but stick Kun.
the lubrication in rolling processing outside the focus. (2) the use of
copolymer resin, an additional external lubricant than pure PVC resin.
(3) the formulation should note the WSD one pack stabilizer following:
① hard than soft lubricant consumption.
② to pay attention to the inherent slip stabilizers. ③ filler amount is
large, the use of large amounts of lubricants; ④ attention inside and
outside lubrication lubrication balance.
⑤ product performance requirements, such as surface appearance,
mechanical properties and hot.
After the excess amount, due to pressure from the lower extrusion die
leaving the film was blown; (1) the amount WSD Stabilizers for pipe of blow molding too little
lubricant can cause mold and thin-film layer between the adhesive stick,
causing processing difficulties: for example as follows cracking in the
seams. Add appropriate lubricants such as stearic acid monoglyceride is
advantageous, the amount is generally not more than 1% (2) precipitates
easily processed with the formulation should be considered a strong
binding force to the metal lubricant is formed like a lubricant agent
films (such as paraffin). (3) cable with plastic products, electrical
properties and generally require a higher quality stability, generally use
only acid soap as a lubricant. Because stearic acid has a corrosive effect
on metal wire, it is generally not.
(4) a metal soap as a lubricant may be, but WSD Azodicarbonamide not excessive amount of HCl
due to the effect of soaps and free fatty acids can lead to increased
blooming phenomenon. Also note the strong lead stearate lubricant, when
the amount of excess plastic hard plasticizers, calcium stearate at high
temperatures but stick Kun.
2014年3月6日星期四
Select the general principles of PVC lubricants
As mentioned above, must be reasonable taking into account the liquidity, the rate of anti-sticking and plasticized PVC resin. That is certain to make the external lubrication balanced economy can achieve the purpose of continuous production . Research and practice show that : it is not 100% plasticized best quality products , the highest mechanical WSD Stabilizers for pipe properties [ 8 , 9 ] . Moreover , for a number of reasons, the degree of plasticization of the different products have different requirements. Incomplete plasticizing , not only of good quality , high yield, low energy consumption, and can reduce the amount of heat stabilizers , help reduce costs and increase production. In full consideration of heat stabilizers and other additives for lubricants and other factors affecting the premise , through the adjustment of external lubricant variety and quantity can be regulated plasticizing rate, increased resin flow and improve adhesion. Selection Lubrication System General Experimental Procedure ( a ) standard sample
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
2014年2月27日星期四
The main role of dibasic lead phosphite
English name : Dibasic lead Phosphite
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O
Properties: white or slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble WSD aluminium stearate organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance.
Uses : polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer. Mainly used for opaque hard and soft WSD Titanium dioxide rutile goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on. Dihydrochloride ( short) is a monomer lead salt , lead salt stabilizer is a composite material , the effect is not used alone , the need for different uses , tribasic lead sulfate was added , and the lead oxide in the formulation can lead stearate use the successful application of nano-scale high-purity rare earth elements BAUER (BAOHUA) efficient , non-toxic calcium zinc stabilizers rare in an efficient , high WSD PVC flame retardant environmental known. No smell, dispersibility , fluidity, stability, weather resistance , and excellent transparency . Is the best environmental alternative to organic tin compound lead, lead and rare earth compound stabilizer .
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O
Properties: white or slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble WSD aluminium stearate organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance.
Uses : polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer. Mainly used for opaque hard and soft WSD Titanium dioxide rutile goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on. Dihydrochloride ( short) is a monomer lead salt , lead salt stabilizer is a composite material , the effect is not used alone , the need for different uses , tribasic lead sulfate was added , and the lead oxide in the formulation can lead stearate use the successful application of nano-scale high-purity rare earth elements BAUER (BAOHUA) efficient , non-toxic calcium zinc stabilizers rare in an efficient , high WSD PVC flame retardant environmental known. No smell, dispersibility , fluidity, stability, weather resistance , and excellent transparency . Is the best environmental alternative to organic tin compound lead, lead and rare earth compound stabilizer .
2014年2月25日星期二
Some simple analysis of heat stabilizer for shoes
A) cadmium, zinc soap is typical of early-type heat stabilizers, can quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn, thereby effectively suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the WSD Plastic impact modifier consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL efficient catalyst PVC, PVC and thus lead to the degradation of the material suddenly vicious black, so poor long-term thermal stability.
2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers, absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC, but the conversion product BaC12, CaC12 do not have WSD zinc stearate catalytic activity, does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better.
3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity.
4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile features, while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not WSD Polyethylene wax have catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect. First of cadmium and zinc compounds are used as stabilizers because of their transparency, and can maintain the original color of PVC products. Long term thermal stability provided by the pot is much smaller than the barium and zinc compounds. They tend to be very small in the case of threatened or without warning, suddenly completely degraded.
2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers, absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC, but the conversion product BaC12, CaC12 do not have WSD zinc stearate catalytic activity, does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better.
3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity.
4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile features, while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not WSD Polyethylene wax have catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect. First of cadmium and zinc compounds are used as stabilizers because of their transparency, and can maintain the original color of PVC products. Long term thermal stability provided by the pot is much smaller than the barium and zinc compounds. They tend to be very small in the case of threatened or without warning, suddenly completely degraded.
2014年2月19日星期三
Action of heat stabilizers and PVC flame retardant rubber compound of the conveyor belt
Heat stabilizer is an important class of plastics processing aids , the birth and development of the PVC resin, heat stabilizer synchronization processing is mainly used for PVC resin , heat stabilizer and WSD Chrolinated polyethylene so PVC resin , the ratio of hard and soft PVC products are a close relationship.
Also known as flame retardant agents, flame retardants or flame retardants : flammable polymer flame resistance conferred functional additives ; By Application divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . According to the composition , including adding an WSD chromium oxide inorganic flame retardant , halogen -based flame retardant ( organic bromides and organic chlorides ) , phosphorus-based flame retardants ( red phosphorus, phosphate esters , and halogenated phosphates , etc.) and nitrogen flame retardants .
Thermal stabilizers in PVC conveyor gum base resin is mainly used to improve the thermal stability of PVC resin in the processing and use , to extend the service life of the article . Such additives include tribasic lead sulfate , barium cadmium zinc liquid stabilizer . The flame retardant effect of the polymer material in the ignition of the flame spread rapidly Buzhi Yu , suppressing flames and heat from the WSD stearic acid air. Such as antimony trioxide , zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide and the like. Both formulations have a different action can be selected according to the rubber compound formulation conveyor specific purposes.
Also known as flame retardant agents, flame retardants or flame retardants : flammable polymer flame resistance conferred functional additives ; By Application divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . According to the composition , including adding an WSD chromium oxide inorganic flame retardant , halogen -based flame retardant ( organic bromides and organic chlorides ) , phosphorus-based flame retardants ( red phosphorus, phosphate esters , and halogenated phosphates , etc.) and nitrogen flame retardants .
Thermal stabilizers in PVC conveyor gum base resin is mainly used to improve the thermal stability of PVC resin in the processing and use , to extend the service life of the article . Such additives include tribasic lead sulfate , barium cadmium zinc liquid stabilizer . The flame retardant effect of the polymer material in the ignition of the flame spread rapidly Buzhi Yu , suppressing flames and heat from the WSD stearic acid air. Such as antimony trioxide , zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide and the like. Both formulations have a different action can be selected according to the rubber compound formulation conveyor specific purposes.
2014年2月14日星期五
The main purpose and introduce phosphate dibasic lead
Usually used as a reducing agent and pesticide intermediates. Whitening agent used in the manufacture of nylon , plastic stabilizer , synthetic fibers, dibasic lead phosphate , glyphosate, water treatment WSD Titanium dioxide rutile agent , such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium ATMP manufacturing phosphite , synthetic fibers, plastics and stabilizers organophosphorus pesticide raw materials. Polycarbonate can be used as a stabilizing agent , also used in the manufacture of nylon 1010 antioxidant , but also for the production of highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.
English name : Dibasic lead Phosphite
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O Properties: white or WSD PVC lubricants slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and WSD Aluminum hydroxide resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance. Lead content ( PbO dollars ) % 89.0-91.0 89.0-91.0 88.5-91.5
Phosphorous acid (H3PO3 meter ) % 10.0-12.0 10.0-12.0 9.0-12.0 Heating loss % ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.60 Residue (75μm sieve )% ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.80 Purpose: PVC and PVC / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer composition . Mainly used for opaque hard and soft goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on.
English name : Dibasic lead Phosphite
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O Properties: white or WSD PVC lubricants slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and WSD Aluminum hydroxide resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance. Lead content ( PbO dollars ) % 89.0-91.0 89.0-91.0 88.5-91.5
Phosphorous acid (H3PO3 meter ) % 10.0-12.0 10.0-12.0 9.0-12.0 Heating loss % ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.60 Residue (75μm sieve )% ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.80 Purpose: PVC and PVC / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer composition . Mainly used for opaque hard and soft goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on.
2013年12月23日星期一
PVC impact modifier which species
PVC impact modifier and sometimes also from the plasticizing effect , it can also be seen as a plasticizer and an impact modifier for PVC resin are the following :
( A ) chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) using the product of HDPE powder was suspended in an aqueous phase chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of the original crystalline HDPE become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, typically containing 25-45 volume % C1 . CPE wide sources , low prices, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . Currently in our country is dominated PVC window stabilizer by the CPE impact modifiers, especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most factories use CPE. Amount is generally 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other toughening agents , such as rubber , EVA , etc. , the better , but the rubber additives intolerance aging.
(2) ACR methyl methacrylate , copolymers of acrylic acid ester monomer , ACR impact modifier is best developed in recent years , it can increase the impact strength of the material several times . ACR core-shell structure are an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , the rubber elastic body segment to the crosslinked butyl acrylate is formed on the particle distribution of the inner core . In particular, impact modified for outdoor use PVC plastic products , PVC plastic window profiles using as an impact modifier ACR compared with other modifiers have good processing performance , smooth surface, anti-aging , high strength fillet features , but the price is more than CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount of 6-10 parts . Current domestic production manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
(3) MBS is methyl methacrylate , and styrene- butadiene copolymer of the monomers . MBS solubility parameter between 94-9.5 , close to the solubility parameter of PVC , so when good compatibility with PVC , it 's most important feature: After joining PVC products can be made transparent . Usually the person added 10-17 parts of PVC , PVC can be 6-15 times the impact strength , but the amount more than 30 MBS phr , PVC impact strength decreased. MBS itself has good impact resistance, transparency, and Plastic impact modifier light transmittance of more than 90 %, and at the same time to improve the impact resistance of the resin other properties , such as tensile strength , elongation at break little effect . MBS higher price , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS and the like used . MBS poor heat resistance , poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products, generally do not do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (4) SBS styrene , butadiene , styrene ternary block copolymer , also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomers belonging to its structure can be divided into two kinds of star and linear . Ratio of styrene and butadiene SBS is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifier in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS its main role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance. SBS poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products . (5) ABS styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastics , are also used as PVC impact modified, low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective . When added in an amount of 50 parts of ABS , PVC and the impact strength can be quite pure ABS. ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , suitable for long-term outdoor use products, generally do not processing aid do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (6) EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate acid , vinyl acetate is introduced to change the crystallinity of polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA added in an amount of 10 parts or less.
( A ) chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) using the product of HDPE powder was suspended in an aqueous phase chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of the original crystalline HDPE become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, typically containing 25-45 volume % C1 . CPE wide sources , low prices, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . Currently in our country is dominated PVC window stabilizer by the CPE impact modifiers, especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most factories use CPE. Amount is generally 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other toughening agents , such as rubber , EVA , etc. , the better , but the rubber additives intolerance aging.
(2) ACR methyl methacrylate , copolymers of acrylic acid ester monomer , ACR impact modifier is best developed in recent years , it can increase the impact strength of the material several times . ACR core-shell structure are an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , the rubber elastic body segment to the crosslinked butyl acrylate is formed on the particle distribution of the inner core . In particular, impact modified for outdoor use PVC plastic products , PVC plastic window profiles using as an impact modifier ACR compared with other modifiers have good processing performance , smooth surface, anti-aging , high strength fillet features , but the price is more than CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount of 6-10 parts . Current domestic production manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
(3) MBS is methyl methacrylate , and styrene- butadiene copolymer of the monomers . MBS solubility parameter between 94-9.5 , close to the solubility parameter of PVC , so when good compatibility with PVC , it 's most important feature: After joining PVC products can be made transparent . Usually the person added 10-17 parts of PVC , PVC can be 6-15 times the impact strength , but the amount more than 30 MBS phr , PVC impact strength decreased. MBS itself has good impact resistance, transparency, and Plastic impact modifier light transmittance of more than 90 %, and at the same time to improve the impact resistance of the resin other properties , such as tensile strength , elongation at break little effect . MBS higher price , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS and the like used . MBS poor heat resistance , poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products, generally do not do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (4) SBS styrene , butadiene , styrene ternary block copolymer , also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomers belonging to its structure can be divided into two kinds of star and linear . Ratio of styrene and butadiene SBS is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifier in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS its main role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance. SBS poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products . (5) ABS styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastics , are also used as PVC impact modified, low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective . When added in an amount of 50 parts of ABS , PVC and the impact strength can be quite pure ABS. ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , suitable for long-term outdoor use products, generally do not processing aid do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (6) EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate acid , vinyl acetate is introduced to change the crystallinity of polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA added in an amount of 10 parts or less.
2013年11月28日星期四
What are the characteristics of plastic light lubricant
Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
2013年10月29日星期二
Synthetic lubricants synthesis of the main
Organic synthesis method and the system having a specific structure and properties of lubricants, such as silicone oil , silicone esters , phosphate esters, fluorine oil , ester oil and synthetic hydrocarbon oil. Synthetic lubricants to meet the general mineral oil can not meet the severe operating conditions ( such as aviation , aerospace, deep-sea exploration and nuclear industries ) application requirements. Performance titanium dioxide by the use of synthetic lubricants can be divided into high and low temperature lubricants, fire resistant lubricants, extreme pressure lubricants, protective lubricants, anti-radiation lubricating oil, lubricating oil antioxidant , high vacuum lubricant oil, electrical and metalworking lubricants oil. Water-based liquid water-based liquid poor lubricating performance than oil , is generally not used for pure lubrication occasions . It is commonly used for the metal cutting process in the cutting fluid , to a black iron oxide cooling , lubrication, cleaning and rust and other effects , but also for the hydraulic system . Commonly used in industrial water-based liquid is diluted with water from the oil-based emulsion , water -oil -and water-in -oil types . ① In the oil-in -water emulsion , the oil in small droplets dispersed in water , a liquid emulsion was translucent ( droplet diameter of 0.05 to 0.1 microns ) or milky liquid ( droplet diameter of 0.1 to 1 micron time ) . In order to maintain a certain stability of the emulsion , should be added to the liquid from the emulsifying surfactant. Oil-in -water emulsion calcium zinc stabilizer Foreign Secretary is water, oil content is low , and so the cooling water flow are close to rust, poor lubricity . ② The water-in- oil emulsion , the oil the water , the benefits are not rust, viscosity, can be used as hydraulic oil.
2013年10月24日星期四
flocculation of aluminum sulfate application
Earlier we said aluminum sulfate use is the second largest in wastewater treatment applications, it is a typical industrial water treatment chemicals , industrial water treatment has a wide range of processing capabilities, however, it is most important is PVC profile stabilizer as flocculation agent. So, what is the flocculation and sedimentation , flocculation applications it is kind of how it .
What is flocculation
Flocculation is particulate matter in the water for flocculation and sedimentation process. After adding coagulant in water , in which colloidal and suspended solids dispersed particles generated in the interaction of molecular forces floc and in the settlement process they collide cohesion, its size and quality continues to become larger, increasing the settling velocity . Depends not only on removal of suspended Methyl tin solids sedimentation rate , and the depth and precipitation . Surface water formed after adding coagulant alum , sewage organic suspended solids in the activated sludge process will appear in the precipitation flocculation phenomenon.
Flocculation of aluminum sulfate application simply say that aluminum sulfate dissolved in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby liquid stabilizer removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Flocs grow to a volume after the force of gravity from the water phase precipitation , thereby removing large suspended solids in the wastewater , so as to achieve the effect of treatment . Of course, as an industrial water treatment chemicals , aluminum sulfate is not currently the best results , it is less efficient than the current polyacrylamide flocculation is strong, but the price is much lower than it polyacrylamide , PAC and other polymeric flocculation agent
What is flocculation
Flocculation is particulate matter in the water for flocculation and sedimentation process. After adding coagulant in water , in which colloidal and suspended solids dispersed particles generated in the interaction of molecular forces floc and in the settlement process they collide cohesion, its size and quality continues to become larger, increasing the settling velocity . Depends not only on removal of suspended Methyl tin solids sedimentation rate , and the depth and precipitation . Surface water formed after adding coagulant alum , sewage organic suspended solids in the activated sludge process will appear in the precipitation flocculation phenomenon.
Flocculation of aluminum sulfate application simply say that aluminum sulfate dissolved in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby liquid stabilizer removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Flocs grow to a volume after the force of gravity from the water phase precipitation , thereby removing large suspended solids in the wastewater , so as to achieve the effect of treatment . Of course, as an industrial water treatment chemicals , aluminum sulfate is not currently the best results , it is less efficient than the current polyacrylamide flocculation is strong, but the price is much lower than it polyacrylamide , PAC and other polymeric flocculation agent
2013年8月28日星期三
Supply of PVC impact modifier
Second, the main performance:
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the plastic flame retardant theoretical basis and the impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the iron oxide black low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and Diethylene glycol dibenzoate improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
1, can be used as a polymeric plasticizer , and in the long-term use will not migrate to the product surface precipitation .
2, low temperature performance blends , polarity, anti-UV, anti- chemical and microbiological corrosion performance improved significantly .
3 , added to the PVC, ABS or PVC / ABS alloy to improve its thermal stability.
4 , the European regulatory approval for food contact industry .
5, in the PVC processing , Elvaloy ® 4924 can significantly improve the impact properties, including low-temperature impact resistance .
Third, the plastic flame retardant theoretical basis and the impact modifier advantage
PVC low-temperature impact strength are the main reasons is because a strong PVC molecules caused by intermolecular forces , because PVC strong molecular attraction between molecules makes PVC products subjected to external shock , PVC molecules difficult to produce the relative displacement , so that the impact energy can not be effectively converted to internal frictional heat , resulting in rupture of the material . Adding a plasticizer , CPE PVC because reducing the attraction between the molecules leaving the improved impact strength , but low molecular weight organic plasticizers are added when less easy to precipitate , and an anti- volatile plasticizing effect instead, the material becomes brittle and will greatly reduce the use of a large number of mechanical properties , it is difficult to use in hard products . The CPE of the polymer precipitated polymer although there is no problem , because its glass transition temperature above -10 ℃ , so the iron oxide black low temperature impact performance is not ideal. DuPont Elvaloy 4924 is an ethylene - vinyl acetate carbonyl (E / VA / CO) copolymer , molecular weight PVC rather , is a permanent plasticizer , not precipitated , anti-migration , can significantly reduce the intermolecular force PVC , the glass transition temperature - 36 ℃, to overcome the low glass transition temperature and the CPE plasticizers easy to produce anti- plasticization defects. Not only can greatly improve the impact properties of rigid PVC and can effectively improve the weathering resistance.
Fourth, technical indicators:
Melt index (g/10min) 9
Density (g/cm3) 1.03
Tensile Strength (Psi) 1580
Elongation at break ( % ) 736
Glass transition temperature (℃) -36
Melting point (℃) 70
Solubility parameter 8.68
Five , the main application
1 , rigid PVC: improved formability , reduce subsequent vacuum forming temperature , forming speed faster , improve impact resistance ;
2, soft PVC: to increase weather resistance , low temperature resistance , chemical resistance and no -shift problems and Diethylene glycol dibenzoate improve impact resistance
3 , Footwear: with rubber handle, can increase wear and slip effect , against the soapy water and oil also increased many aspects of behavior .
4 , Other : PVC cable , PVC film, PVC leather and PVC and rubber blend products.
2013年8月22日星期四
Introduction of oil paint
Oil painting oil paint is a special paints, pigment powder from the refueling and mixer grinding. The basic components of oil paints and other paints as the pigment, extender pigment containing reagent and certain excipients such as plasticizers, stabilizers, slow drying agent or driers agent composition. Binding agent
Is composed of resin, drying oil and grease, balms and waxes, but usually used directly linseed oil.
Ratio of the pigment composition and
Usage, subject to pigment red iron oxide production process, cost, and storage, features, and many other factors, the different nature and different levels of pigment types of the raw material and the proportion of different constituents.
Pigment
Is the main component paints, its quality and the merits of the pigment content is also a major factor in the decision, but also directly affect the oil painting effect.
High pigment
Pigments of high quality raw materials chosen to ensure the purity of the color fastness and durability.
Ordinary paint
General level is used and mixed with a certain proportion of the toner filler, low cost choice of colorant pigment of poor quality, low cost, low filler blended more.
The toner used in addition to the PVC profile stabilizer previously mentioned painting of the performance, it is important to also consider the toner contained in the oil itself, the diffusion capacity of the toner, i.e., whether the performance of the oil fusion good question.
Containing reagent micro granular pigment color must be a liquid carrier medium to spread and application of liquid paint when dried, this thin film containing reagent to form the pigment particles firmly bonded together and stick to the foundation on.
Ingredient
There are dry vegetable oil in linseed oil, walnut oil, poppy oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil. They are oxidized in air leaving through the dried paint film, after drying oil paint colors and humid almost no significant difference, and this is one of the main advantages paintings.
Auxiliary materials
In addition to the toner and the toner contained in addition, depending on the pigment and the pigment performance specifications, in the production of the pigment is added to a certain proportion of auxiliary materials such as plastic agents, fillers, stabilizers, gloss agents and driers .
Wax, aluminum stearate, etc. can be added to the pigment in the pigment stable consistency and increased plasticity.
Pigment hiding low tinting strength is poor, often used as a filler in a general increase in oil paint. Although fillers will reduce the color purity, but for some colorant is a pigment and can take this improved properties such as thickness and fineness, color film can also adjust the hardness, the pigment is more stable performance and reduce costs.
Some toner slow drying, although the drying may use fast drying, but still need to add cobalt, manganese, lead driers.
Others need to use colorants opposite slow drying oil paint retarder to slow the drying rate. Some oil paint added to the resin used approaches to increase the gloss of the pigment.
The ratio of various materials
The quality and cost of the titanium dioxide pigment have played an important role, as its technology vendors secrets, so oil paint painter often unable to understand the exact composition of the specific circumstances.
Edit this paragraph performance
Effects and work life
Effects and techniques of oil painting with oil paints work life of the performance has a direct relationship
Oil paint performance
Tinting strength, light power, opacity, transparency, oil absorption, toughness, dryness, plasticity and leveling and so on.
Some of these properties directly affect the painting effect, some will indirectly have an impact, some are related to pigment production.
Oil paints a variety of performance according to different needs through the use of different media agents and auxiliary materials to be adjusted appropriately.
Coloring pigment tinting strength
More simply refers to the diffusion capacity of the pigment, that a certain kind of paint pigments mixed with another baseline after showing the ability of its original color intensity. Usually in white color for other colors benchmarks to measure their coloring. Tinting strength is also one of the main properties of pigment.
The strength of coloring pigments
Mainly by the pigment itself, the degree of light absorption and reflection of the decision, the greater absorption capacity, the stronger coloring.
Toner particle size and dispersion of the pigment is the coloring power.
In the same colors, organic pigment tinting strength generally stronger than inorganic pigments such as violet, red, crimson, and scarlet, etc. Some colors are too strong tinting strength strong bleeding, poor stability of the fatal shortcomings.
When used in a multilayer painting pan bottom color will produce color, it is difficult to be completely covered, so it is best to avoid using these colors, a last resort should be carefully controlled, with the deployment of such a color composite color should be the first added in small amounts , to reconcile uniform, and then gradually increase the dosage.
Edit this paragraph light force
Light force also called Fast force or lightfastness, is the pigment in the sun's ultraviolet radiation to maintain the original color tolerance, in general, inorganic pigments in the light of the role will darken gray hair, organic pigments then fades fading However, the light power sum up, the inorganic pigment is superior to general organic pigments.
Light force is an important indicator of the quality of identification of pigments
Light force test
Xenon light has a dedicated tester can simulate sunlight exposure can greatly reduce test time.
Light power level
Press the light fastness standards are divided into 1-8.
In general, the majority of organic pigments are not lightfast, mineral pigments are light, such as Alizarin red light will gradually fade, and yellowish brown, earth red and quality ultramarine was enduring.
In addition, between the pigment to be compatible with each other, and some paint reconcile because of a chemical reaction to change the hue; There's another color will penetrate the cover color, causing trouble.
Oil paint color lakes raw materials used in the production of rose, violet and pink, etc. are very poor light pigment force should be avoided.
Other red cadmium red and vermilion class except, if a join when there will be a white dilute noticeable fading phenomenon.
In addition, the role of oil, too much oil can cause yellowing darker hue, these are what we should try to avoid.
So some of the paint is easy to reconcile the best selection, fast drying, relatively stable pigment, and try to control the color range in a relatively concise, in order to avoid more accidents.
Many ancient masters are selected so familiar, easily, apply certain types of pigments to freely control, to achieve their goal of painting.
Simple test methods pigment
We are their common pigments can also be used to test the easiest way:
The need to test paint coating on the canvas or board, it is best to make the same kind of paint were painted flat, thick coating, thin coating and processing white dilute test.
Subject to color with black paper to dry up on the half block sunlight exposure, after comparing the results observed after a few months, you will find different colors of light force difference.
Hiding
The optical properties of the pigment determines the hiding power of paint pigment opacity and transparency, when the refractive index of the pigment and the presence of the surrounding medium are equal, the color of which was transparent. And when the pigment is greater than the refractive index of the medium refractive index is generated when hiding, hiding the greater the difference between the stronger.
Determinants of hiding
Pigment light scattering and absorption of the scattering rate is large or the color of a strong absorption capacity corresponding to a strong hiding it.
Hiding is one of the main characteristics of oil paint, oil painting effect opaque and translucent effects are determined by the strength of the pigment hiding.
Oil paint in strong hiding power are white, black, and iron-based pigments.
Transparency and opacity pigments as also determined by its refractive index and reflectivity, but just the opposite, and the former. Good color transparency necessarily weak covering power, and vice versa.
Transparency of the pigment particles but also with the toner weight, dispersion and shape of the crystal.
When painting the transparency of the pigment can be used to cover the method of color forming dye color. In the oil paint, each color hue are the respective relatively transparent, translucent and opaque pigments are available.
Generally, oil paints have better transparency crimson, green, ultramarine blue, ivory black and so on.
For transparent painting pigments containing reagent and color media agent itself should also have good transparency, after the addition of the pigment can make some of the original is not very transparent pigments have some transparency.
Whatever pigments, its transparent and opaque are not absolute, oil paint opacity and transparency is also relative.
The actual number of colors in the painting is in the state of various translucent and transparent and opaque color gamut together to form a rich and subtle contrast.
Is composed of resin, drying oil and grease, balms and waxes, but usually used directly linseed oil.
Ratio of the pigment composition and
Usage, subject to pigment red iron oxide production process, cost, and storage, features, and many other factors, the different nature and different levels of pigment types of the raw material and the proportion of different constituents.
Pigment
Is the main component paints, its quality and the merits of the pigment content is also a major factor in the decision, but also directly affect the oil painting effect.
High pigment
Pigments of high quality raw materials chosen to ensure the purity of the color fastness and durability.
Ordinary paint
General level is used and mixed with a certain proportion of the toner filler, low cost choice of colorant pigment of poor quality, low cost, low filler blended more.
The toner used in addition to the PVC profile stabilizer previously mentioned painting of the performance, it is important to also consider the toner contained in the oil itself, the diffusion capacity of the toner, i.e., whether the performance of the oil fusion good question.
Containing reagent micro granular pigment color must be a liquid carrier medium to spread and application of liquid paint when dried, this thin film containing reagent to form the pigment particles firmly bonded together and stick to the foundation on.
Ingredient
There are dry vegetable oil in linseed oil, walnut oil, poppy oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil. They are oxidized in air leaving through the dried paint film, after drying oil paint colors and humid almost no significant difference, and this is one of the main advantages paintings.
Auxiliary materials
In addition to the toner and the toner contained in addition, depending on the pigment and the pigment performance specifications, in the production of the pigment is added to a certain proportion of auxiliary materials such as plastic agents, fillers, stabilizers, gloss agents and driers .
Wax, aluminum stearate, etc. can be added to the pigment in the pigment stable consistency and increased plasticity.
Pigment hiding low tinting strength is poor, often used as a filler in a general increase in oil paint. Although fillers will reduce the color purity, but for some colorant is a pigment and can take this improved properties such as thickness and fineness, color film can also adjust the hardness, the pigment is more stable performance and reduce costs.
Some toner slow drying, although the drying may use fast drying, but still need to add cobalt, manganese, lead driers.
Others need to use colorants opposite slow drying oil paint retarder to slow the drying rate. Some oil paint added to the resin used approaches to increase the gloss of the pigment.
The ratio of various materials
The quality and cost of the titanium dioxide pigment have played an important role, as its technology vendors secrets, so oil paint painter often unable to understand the exact composition of the specific circumstances.
Edit this paragraph performance
Effects and work life
Effects and techniques of oil painting with oil paints work life of the performance has a direct relationship
Oil paint performance
Tinting strength, light power, opacity, transparency, oil absorption, toughness, dryness, plasticity and leveling and so on.
Some of these properties directly affect the painting effect, some will indirectly have an impact, some are related to pigment production.
Oil paints a variety of performance according to different needs through the use of different media agents and auxiliary materials to be adjusted appropriately.
Coloring pigment tinting strength
More simply refers to the diffusion capacity of the pigment, that a certain kind of paint pigments mixed with another baseline after showing the ability of its original color intensity. Usually in white color for other colors benchmarks to measure their coloring. Tinting strength is also one of the main properties of pigment.
The strength of coloring pigments
Mainly by the pigment itself, the degree of light absorption and reflection of the decision, the greater absorption capacity, the stronger coloring.
Toner particle size and dispersion of the pigment is the coloring power.
In the same colors, organic pigment tinting strength generally stronger than inorganic pigments such as violet, red, crimson, and scarlet, etc. Some colors are too strong tinting strength strong bleeding, poor stability of the fatal shortcomings.
When used in a multilayer painting pan bottom color will produce color, it is difficult to be completely covered, so it is best to avoid using these colors, a last resort should be carefully controlled, with the deployment of such a color composite color should be the first added in small amounts , to reconcile uniform, and then gradually increase the dosage.
Edit this paragraph light force
Light force also called Fast force or lightfastness, is the pigment in the sun's ultraviolet radiation to maintain the original color tolerance, in general, inorganic pigments in the light of the role will darken gray hair, organic pigments then fades fading However, the light power sum up, the inorganic pigment is superior to general organic pigments.
Light force is an important indicator of the quality of identification of pigments
Light force test
Xenon light has a dedicated tester can simulate sunlight exposure can greatly reduce test time.
Light power level
Press the light fastness standards are divided into 1-8.
In general, the majority of organic pigments are not lightfast, mineral pigments are light, such as Alizarin red light will gradually fade, and yellowish brown, earth red and quality ultramarine was enduring.
In addition, between the pigment to be compatible with each other, and some paint reconcile because of a chemical reaction to change the hue; There's another color will penetrate the cover color, causing trouble.
Oil paint color lakes raw materials used in the production of rose, violet and pink, etc. are very poor light pigment force should be avoided.
Other red cadmium red and vermilion class except, if a join when there will be a white dilute noticeable fading phenomenon.
In addition, the role of oil, too much oil can cause yellowing darker hue, these are what we should try to avoid.
So some of the paint is easy to reconcile the best selection, fast drying, relatively stable pigment, and try to control the color range in a relatively concise, in order to avoid more accidents.
Many ancient masters are selected so familiar, easily, apply certain types of pigments to freely control, to achieve their goal of painting.
Simple test methods pigment
We are their common pigments can also be used to test the easiest way:
The need to test paint coating on the canvas or board, it is best to make the same kind of paint were painted flat, thick coating, thin coating and processing white dilute test.
Subject to color with black paper to dry up on the half block sunlight exposure, after comparing the results observed after a few months, you will find different colors of light force difference.
Hiding
The optical properties of the pigment determines the hiding power of paint pigment opacity and transparency, when the refractive index of the pigment and the presence of the surrounding medium are equal, the color of which was transparent. And when the pigment is greater than the refractive index of the medium refractive index is generated when hiding, hiding the greater the difference between the stronger.
Determinants of hiding
Pigment light scattering and absorption of the scattering rate is large or the color of a strong absorption capacity corresponding to a strong hiding it.
Hiding is one of the main characteristics of oil paint, oil painting effect opaque and translucent effects are determined by the strength of the pigment hiding.
Oil paint in strong hiding power are white, black, and iron-based pigments.
Transparency and opacity pigments as also determined by its refractive index and reflectivity, but just the opposite, and the former. Good color transparency necessarily weak covering power, and vice versa.
Transparency of the pigment particles but also with the toner weight, dispersion and shape of the crystal.
When painting the transparency of the pigment can be used to cover the method of color forming dye color. In the oil paint, each color hue are the respective relatively transparent, translucent and opaque pigments are available.
Generally, oil paints have better transparency crimson, green, ultramarine blue, ivory black and so on.
For transparent painting pigments containing reagent and color media agent itself should also have good transparency, after the addition of the pigment can make some of the original is not very transparent pigments have some transparency.
Whatever pigments, its transparent and opaque are not absolute, oil paint opacity and transparency is also relative.
The actual number of colors in the painting is in the state of various translucent and transparent and opaque color gamut together to form a rich and subtle contrast.
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