Application of the principles of heat stabilizer for shoes and some of the main content

The main stabilizer mixture according to tin, lead and the metal of group A, such as blood, barium, copper, zinc classification. Tin stabilizers: 1 or 2 comprising a tin-carbon bond, oxygen or sulfur as  WSD one pack stabilizer the remaining valence bond - tin bond unsaturated anionic tetravalent tin compounds are the most effective stabilizers for PVC. These organic tin compounds are tin oxide or an organic product with the appropriate acid chloride or ester reactions. Synergistic stabilizer mixture are common, typically include various organotin compounds and stream-based wavelet salt (compound) and the auxiliary additives, such as zinc soaps, phosphites, epoxides, esters, ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant agent. Obviously, most of the synergistic composition has a special, and therefore they have not yet WSD PVC lubricants  found fully common. Organotin stabilizers are divided into two types of sulfur and sulfur-free. Sulfur-containing stabilizers are all stable, excellent performance, but the presence of sulfur compounds similar to the taste and cross contamination problems station. Lead salt stabilizer compound, lead oxide content greater than 50%, compared with the conventional stabilizing agents, can reduce the amount of 10% to 30%, with a high efficiency and stability, and without grinding, directly into a kneading pot used for cable material, not only excellent in dispersibility, but also to maintain good  WSD zinc stearate electrical and mechanical properties of PVC. The organic / inorganic composite heat stabilizer S Series microcrystalline tribasic lead sulfate, the product of the reaction crystallization process, the original long needle becomes microcrystalline, thus greatly improving stabilizers in PVC resin dispersion and thermal stability. Low lead compound stabilizer KD series, with outstanding thermal stability

PVC heat stabilizers commonly used test methods

To introduce PVC heat stabilizers of two common test methods. Something called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second test called the roll blackened test method.
PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Torque rheometer is an imitation of  PVC foaming board stabilizer the actual PVC processing a typical small scale type instrument . The outside of the instrument has a closed processing tank , through a computer connected to the instrument can be controlled by the temperature of the processing tank , and the rotation of the two rollers inside the added mass of material is generally a torque rheometer 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the instrument models and different. Experimental steps : preparing in advance the type comprising a heat stabilizer masterbatch based masterbatch formulations except PVC Usually there ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque rheometer temperature set in advance , and when the temperature rose to specify the speed smoothly , it will weigh a good mix added processing tank , quickly closed the recording of various parameters on the computer connected to it , is the flow curve . After processing is complete, you can also get different physical characteristics of the extrudate , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. With these parameters, you can determine the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  appropriate industrial potential heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable should have proper torque and plasticizing time , extrusion molding should be better and whiteness, smooth surface and so on. Torque rheometer between laboratory research and industrial mass production to build a convenient bridge .
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackened test
As a method for dynamic determination based adjuvant effect of a thermal stabilizer , in the absence of double roller dynamic rheometer using a twin roll selected experiments tableting equipment, which together with the high-speed mixed powder , tablet molding, the  carbon black resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until the recording time of the fully black , called blackening time . By comparing the length of time to determine the blackening of different thermal stabilizers for PVC thermal stability effect.

PVC processing aids some of the main applications

This uses the advanced polymerization techniques and drying process development high molecular weight polymer , PVC products can promote gelation , improve melt fluidity and improved processing Metal stearate  performance. Widely used in PVC profiles , sheet, pipe , pipe fittings and foam products .
Basic physical performance indicators:
Appearance: white flowing powder
Intrinsic viscosity (η) 25 ℃: 8.0 ~ 11.0
Particle size ( 40 mesh pass rate ) ≥ 98
Volatile (%) ≤ 1.0
Bulk density (g/cm3) 0.3 ~ 0.5
Application Features
 In PVC processing to add this product to promote gelation PVC , the melt fluidity is improved , thereby improving the  red iron oxide thermal melt strength and elongation , improved internal and surface quality products ; while reducing the melting time and increase productivity ; addition , can significantly reduce the variety of ingredients used in the processing of the deposition surface of the device , to ensure smooth production. High yield, high melt fluidity finish plasticizing fast , modified high efficiency cell uniformity , density and other characteristics.
Applications
 Non-transparent products, such as pipe fittings, profiles, sheet foam pipe foam panels.

Cold extrusion of the metal zinc stearate main description of the processing

Cold extrusion is a precision plastic volumetric forming technology is an important component. Cold extrusion is in the cold state of the metal blank into the mold cavity, the strong pressure and a constant speed under the effect of forcing the metal is extruded from the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  mold cavity, to achieve the desired shape and size, and a certain mechanical extrusion performance.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle, cosmetic aluminum tube, the bullet casing, at present, auto parts, 30% ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process.
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin, silver, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel. Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, and Kovar, etc. can also be cold extrusion, even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation.
Cold extrusion, metal materials produced  red iron oxide severe plastic deformation, the unit squeeze a lot of pressure, especially in cold extrusion of steel, the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure, if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface, making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life, determines the success or failure squeeze.
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant (such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.), there are solid (such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate, graphite, etc.), they may be used  black iron oxide alone, or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1. Reduce friction between the billet and the mold; 2. Reduce mold wear and improve die life; 3. Improve the quality of products. (1) cold forging lubricant: For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment. The so-called "phosphate" is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal, this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed, can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold. The so-called "saponification" is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant, so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant.
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time, phosphate strict quality requirements, while the phosphate waste pollute the environment, and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process.
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability, extension, adhesion, lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions, successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process (degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried), ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication. And once completed: Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation, surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy, improve surface quality, maximum protection of the mold surface, to extend the life of the mold. A thin lubricant film formed, one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30% to 45%.
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer, even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming, the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface, and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again. Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface, which is characterized more apparent.

How to detect the purity aluminum potassium sulfate and its components

Potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate is a product of the same is acidic chemicals , have adsorption sedimentation, coagulation and sedimentation in water treatment agent. Then for measuring it , is  dibasic lead phosphite not it the same?
Potassium aluminum sulfate Detection
For the detection of the purity aluminum potassium sulfate is usually generated using barium chloride , barium sulphate precipitation. Testing the purity of aluminum potassium sulfate , he first dissolved in water, if barium chloride , in that the resulting precipitate sulfate not only impurities ( not complete reaction of aluminum sulfate or potassium sulfate ) , aluminum potassium sulfate is also out of the ionization ah. Then a semi-permeable membrane filtration filter can be removed alum gel . Using the  PVC heat stabilizer for window mass of barium sulfate ( precipitated barium sulfate ) to obtain the sulfate ion amount of material , in turn, can calculate the mass of potassium aluminum sulfate , aluminum sulfate can calculate the mass fraction of potassium
How to detect the composition of aluminum potassium sulfate
In the laboratory, how should we determine potassium alum ionic components it contains ? 1 , test sulfate : with BaCl2 solution , a white precipitate , adding HNO3 insoluble. 2 , inspection Al3 +: addition of NaOH produce amorphous white flocculent precipitate is dissolved in excess , leads to CO2 reappeared . 3 , test K +: Add sodium tetraphenylborate , a precipitate is proved K +. Add NaClO4 also produced a white precipitate. Or flame reaction can epoxidation of soybean oil  also be used , boron beads experiments are also available.
For potassium aluminum sulfate component detection methods , the same applies to the aluminum sulfate and ammonium alum water for testing. This is because they have adsorption, can produce gel deposition , and chemical raw materials with similar properties . However, the choice of the detection agent will be somewhat different.

toxic ammonium aluminum sulfate do, what is the standard of its use

The use of ammonium aluminum sulfate solution was added ammonium aluminum sulfate solution was prepared from a series of n-butyl stearate  operations. It is mainly used as a buffer, neutralizer, leavening agent, water purifying agent, pickles and boiled, stewed food color fixative. So, ammonium aluminum sulfate poisonous? Aluminium ammonium sulfate in food applications use some kind of standard?
Toxic ammonium aluminum sulfate do
In daily life, if excessive intake of aluminum, it will affect people's intelligence, bone demineralization and other hazards. Although ammonium aluminum sulfate chemical additives, but it carbon black powder  has a non-toxic, food grade it is a legitimate food additive, do not exceed the maximum amount prescribed by the State, the human body is no health hazard.
Aluminum ammonium sulfate using the standard requirements
Chinese regulations can be used for fried foods, shrimp, soy, baking powder, biscuits, puffed food and aquatic products, according to iron oxide black  production needs appropriate use of aluminum residues ≤ l00mg/kg. World Health Organization's assessment, the provisions of the daily intake of aluminum 0-0.6mg/kg, kg body weight of a person, that is, a 60kg person allows intake of 36mg. This prescribed, except for aluminum ammonium sulfate, but also applicable to other, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and potassium aluminum ions containing chemicals.

PVC heat stabilizers some simple experiments

I'll tell you about PVC heat stabilizers are two common test methods. A process called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second is called roll blackening pilot testing method .
PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Mimic the actual torque rheometer PVC processing a typical small pilot-type apparatus . Outside of the instrument a inganic pigments  closed processing tank , connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed , torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models . Experimental steps of: preparing in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch based on PVC masterbatch formulation , in addition to other ships and ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature , when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed , will be weighed mixture added processing chamber , quickly closed records on a computer connected to a variety of parameters , namely flow curve . After processing , you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. These Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing . Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackening test
Determination of thermal stability as a dynamic effect of a class of helper methods , dynamic two-roll used in the absence of the rheometer , the experiment instrument select double rolled sheet , which  Plastic chemical together with the high-speed mixed powder , compression molding , the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until completely black record time , the time is called blackening . Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC .

PVC stabilizers introduce some of the main

Compared with other plastics , under the same conditions in the stabilization of PVC requires more significant problem . Mainly if the PVC unstable , then it can not be processed and immediately sharp  PVC processing aid and severe degradation of discoloration . PVC with suitable additives and stabilizers are varied, so that the development of the industrial sector into a special . Which accounted for the first based on barium / Fort Worth -based organometallic compounds of lead , in addition, some of the organic stabilizer also has a certain importance . For future development , to discuss a given purpose "stable compound" possibilities. Factors affecting the Stearate zinc  degradation of polyvinyl chloride as a thermal decomposition activation energy minimum ( except than polyvinyl alcohol ) , so that its special stabilization is very essential . Whether fast (processing ) or slow (aging ) thermal degradation , the degradation process the most obvious feature is the presence of oxygen in the air , with automatic catalytic dehydrochlorination nature " '] . Due to the complex ions and free based chemical process , reconciliation set PVC action by gathering damage mountains . multicollinearity play double whitening agent  generation and Springboard base by base and oxidation caused a color change in the Ming and mechanical properties of trace metals, particularly iron and zinc will accelerated degradation male . terminal group of the polymer additive material and the reaction is also a great shadow ...

PVC impact modifier some kind described

PVC impact modifier is sometimes also from the plasticizing effect , it can also be seen as a plasticizer , while for PVC resin impact modifier are summarized as follows :
 ( 1 ) Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is the use of HDPE in the water phase of the powdery product by suspension chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of HDPE original crystals become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, containing 25-45 % amount fluorescent brightener  is generally C1 . CPE wide source of low price, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . At present in China is dominated by CPE impact modifiers , especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most plants use CPE. Generally added in an amount of 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other plasticizer , such as rubber , EVA , the effect is better, but even in aging rubber additives .
 (2) ACR is methyl methacrylate , acrylate monomers , ACR is best developed in recent years, impact modifiers , which can increase the impact strength of the material several times. ACR core-shell structure is an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , crosslinked acrylic or butyl rubber elastic body is formed as the core of the particle distribution of the inner segment . Particularly suitable for outdoor use PVC plastic products, impact-modified PVC plastic window profiles used in the ACR as impact modifiers and other modifiers processing performance compared with the smooth surface, good aging resistance , high strength welding angle characteristics, but the price CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount 6-10 copies. The current domestic production of the manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
 ( 3 methyl methacrylate , butadiene and styrene copolymer of the monomers . MBS 94-9.5 a solubility parameter between the solubility parameter close to that of PVC , PVC is therefore compatible with the better, it 's most important feature: after adding PVC products can be made transparent . generally added in PVC 10-17 copies can be improved impact strength of PVC 6-15 times, but the MBS in amount more than 30 parts , PVC but decreased the impact strength . MBS itself has a good impact resistance , good transparency , light transmission rate of 90 %, and to improve the impact resistance  heat stabilizer for panel while other properties of the resin , such as tensile strength, breaking elongation little effect on growth rate , etc. . MBS higher prices , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS , etc. and use . MBS poor heat resistance , weather resistance is poor, that are unsuitable for long-term outdoor use of products , generally do not make plastic window and door profile production impact modifiers used .
 (4) SBS is a styrene -butadiene- styrene block copolymers, also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer part , the structure can be divided into star and line two kinds. SBS ratio of styrene to butadiene is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifiers in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS primary role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance . SBS poor weather, not suitable for long-term outdoor use made ​​products. (5) ABS is a styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastic , PVC is also used impact modified , low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective. ABS is added in an amount of 50 parts , PVC , the impact strength can be quite pure ABS . ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , unsuitable for long-term outdoor use  titanium dioxide anatase products, generally do not do plastic doors and windows profile production impact modifiers . (6) EVA is an ethylene vinyl acetate and acid copolymer, vinyl acetate changed into a crystalline polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of a large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA dosage of 10 parts or less .

Some narrative optical brightener

Optical brightener (Optical whitener) is a type of fabric and can enhance the whiteness of paper and other organic compounds. Also known as optical brighteners . Fabric, etc. are often  PVC profile stabilizer contained as impurities, and yellow colors , in the past are used for bleaching chemical bleaching methods , are used in the product add brighteners approach. Its role is to absorb the products of invisible ultraviolet radiation into fluorescence radiation purple blue , yellow with the original two colors, a white light radiation , improve the whiteness in the sunlight . Brightener has been widely used in the textile , paper, detergent , soap , rubber, plastics, pigments  iron oxide yellow and paints and so on. Classification
According to the chemical structure can be divided into five categories :
① stilbene , and certain synthetic fibers for cotton fiber , paper , soap and other industries , with a blue fluorescence ;
② coumarin type, having the basic structure coumarone for celluloid , polyvinyl chloride , etc., with a  dibutyl phthalate strong blue fluorescence ;
③ pyrazoline type , for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers , a green fluorescent color;
④ benzo type of oxygen and nitrogen , for acrylic and other fibers and polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene and other plastics , with a red fluorescence ;
⑤ phthalimide type, used for polyester, acrylic, nylon and other fibers , with a blue fluorescence.

The main types of PVC

You can use the extruder extruded hoses, cables, wires, etc.; utilize injection molding machine with a variety of molds can be made of plastic
(7740, -270.00, -3.37%) sandals, shoes, slippers, toys, auto parts and so on.
2.pvc film. pvc mixed with additives, plasticizers, the use of three-roll or four-roll calender and  aluminium hydroxide formed into a predetermined thickness of a transparent or colored film,
This method of processing a film, a calendered film. You can also cut, heat processing, packaging bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and film use. The biaxially oriented thin
Film, suffered heat shrinkable properties, can be used for shrink packaging.
3.pvc coating products.
There is pvc artificial leather substrate confused spreads the cloth or paper, and then at 100 degrees or more plasticizing. Also available
In the first pvc calendered into a film with additives, and then laminated together with the substrate. No artificial leather substrate is directly from the rolling machine rolling into a certain thickness of the soft system sheet, and then the pressure on the pattern can be. Can be used to make leather suitcases, purses, book cover,
Sofa and car seat, as well as floor coverings, flooring materials for buildings.
4.pvc foam products.
Soft pvc mixing, adding the  potassium stearate right amount of foaming agent made of sheet material, the foam molding of foam can be used for foam slippers
Sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushion packaging materials. Extruder can also be used as the basis of rigid pvc foam sheet and low profile, alternative timber trial, is a new construction material only.
5.pvc transparent sheet.
pvc impact modifier was added and the organic tin stabilizer, mixing, plasticizing, rolling and a transparent sheet. Using thermal
Molding can be made thin transparent containers or for vacuum packaging, is an excellent packaging materials and  intenal lubricant decorative materials.
6.pvc hard board and sheet.
adding pvc stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, the kneaded, extruded with an extruder to a variety of hard tube diameter, shaped
Tubes, bellows, as the plumbing, water pipes, wire casing or stair railing. Good hot rolled sheets overlap will be
Made of rigid plates of various thicknesses. Sheet can be cut into desired shape and then use pvc welded by hot air welding
Various chemical resistant tanks, duct and containers.
7.pvc other.
Windows and doors with rigid shaped materials assembled. In some countries such as aluminum windows and wood windows and doors windows and doors occupy common market; imitation
Wood materials, and steel building materials (North Sea); hollow container.

Fluorescent Brightener Fluorescent application areas

Fluorescent Lighting
Common fluorescent lamp is an example. Lamp inside is vacuumed and then inject a small amount of mercury. The oxidized PE WAX  mercury discharge lamp electrodes emit ultraviolet light . These ultraviolet light is invisible and harmful. So called tube wall covered with a layer of phosphorus ( phosphor ) the light substance that can absorb the ultraviolet light and emit visible light.
Can emit white light emitting diode (LED) is based on a similar principle . Emitted from the semiconductor light blue , blue light can excite the pole attached to the reflector of phosphorus ( fluorescent ) the light , so that they emit orange fluorescence light of two colors mix together showing the nearest white wildly .
Highlighter
Highlighter fluorescent agent, it encounters UV ( sunlight , fluorescent , mercury more ) will produce a fluorescent highlighter effect, a white light , so that the colors look a dazzling fluorescent feeling. Fluorescent highlighter with our watches are not the azodicarbonamide  same principle fluorescent light sticks , light sticks are internal reactions occurring radioactivity , radiation produced by the outer periphery of phosphors excited , so they at night without any UV luminescence under all circumstances . The highlighter is certainly the case before issuing a UV fluorescent highlighter that you just put the handwriting near mosquito lights , detectors can be seen very clearly .
Fluorescence in biochemistry and medical biochemistry and medicine has been widely used . It can be a fluorescent chemical reaction of the chemical groups bonded to biological macromolecules , and then by observing the fluorescence emitted tracer groups sensitive to detect the  titanium dioxide bio-molecules. Gems, minerals
Gems, minerals, fiber and other materials can be used as evidence in criminal ultraviolet or X-ray irradiation issued under the different nature of the fluorescence.
Rubies, emeralds , diamonds can be issued under short wavelength UV fluorescent red , emerald , topaz ( topaz ) , pearl can also fluoresce under ultraviolet light . Diamonds can also be issued under the X-ray phosphors .

Plasticizer

 Plasticizers (English: Plasticizer), also known as a plasticizer, a plasticizer, an increase in softness of the material or liquefied additive material. Add object contains plastic, concrete, drywall materials, cement and gypsum and so on. The same kind of plasticizing agent often used in different objects, but its effect is often not the impact modifier  same. Plasticizer range up to hundreds of kinds, but the most commonly used means one group of compounds known as phthalates. According to statistics, in 2004 the world's plasticizing agent market, totaled about 550 million tons and 6,000,000 tons moving toward. Add a plasticizer based plastics used functions in different environments, manufactured with a variety of toughness and softness, gloss finished, which required more soft plastic products the more plasticizer added. General often use plastic wrap, one is without additives PE (polyethylene) material, but its viscosity is poor; Another widely used is PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic wrap, a large number of plasticizers to make PVC material becomes soft and increases viscosity, very suitable for fresh food packaging. Use concrete plasticizer (superplasticizer), can increase the workability of the low molecular polyethylene  mixture is not easy to produce cellular facilitate construction, thereby reducing the water content ratio, increase the intensity. The wall material can be increased by adding a mixture of plasticizers liquefaction degree, so they do not add too much water, can reduce the time required for drying the wall. Basic types of internal plasticizer
Internal plasticizer is actually part of the polymer. Plasticizers are generally within the polymer during the polymerization of the second monomer introduced. Since the second monomer in the polymer molecular structure, reducing the polymer molecule chains are isotactic, which reduces the crystallinity of the polymer chain. Such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer softer than vinyl chloride homopolymer. The use of plasticizers within the temperature range is relatively narrow, and must be added during the polymerization, so use less internal plasticizer. External plasticizer
External plasticizer is a low molecular weight compounds or polymers, it is required to add the  carbon black polymer plasticized, increase the plasticity of polymers. External plasticizer is generally a high boiling point of less volatile liquid or low melting point solids, and the vast majority of organic compounds are esters. Usually they do not react with the polymer, and the interaction of the polymer mainly in the swelling action of elevated temperatures, with the polymer to form a solid solution. External plasticizers production and a more comprehensive and easy to use, very wide application. Now people are referring to the general said plasticizer external plasticizer. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are outside the plasticizer

PVC processing aids

PVC is a very special thermoplastics, it is easy to decompose the pure resin processing, poor mobility, low impact strength, poor weather resistance and therefore require in the plastic flame retardant  process to add various auxiliary materials to improve their performance. Such as: lubricants, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, processing aids. Processing aids in the development and application process, by product ingredients can be divided into the following broad categories: methyl methacrylate (MMA) / acrylate copolymer, MMA / styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile / styrene, etc., currently Use the largest, the best is MMA / acrylate copolymer. 2, the role of
Processing aids (Processing Aid) main role is to:
1) to accelerate the flame retardant  process of PVC plastics.
2) to improve the rheological properties of the thermoplastic melt.
3) improve the thermo-elastic mechanical properties of the melt state.
4) improve the quality of products, the appearance of the other integrated functions.
Although the processing aid added is less, but to improve the performance of PVC processing is very important. Impact modifier and  barium stearate processing aid ACR ACR are acrylate polymer, but because of the different formulations performance ratio and different structures, impact the ACR about 10-20% of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid about 80-90% esters. MBS impact modifier ACR as the same as the core-shell structure. And MBS, CPE impact modifiers, etc. compared to the processability and weather resistance, good surface finish, especially for outdoor goods, in foreign countries, acrylic impact modifiers because environmental protection, excellent performance, weather has been replaced by high-performance CPE impact modifier.

On the role of PVC heat stabilizers principle

 Talking about the role of PVC heat stabilizers principle
Who can improve the thermal PVC impact modifier stability of the polymer additives are known heat stabilizers. Because of the poor thermal stability of PVC, so most of the world are used for PVC heat stabilizers of PVC. Therefore, the commonly used PVC heat stabilizer refers to polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers heat stabilizer.
As to achieve good stability of PVC often need to use a variety of pvc heat stabilizer, so that dibasic lead stearat some products is a combination of stabilizers for PVC component complex, a composite stabilizer, such as barium cadmium stabilizer, barium zinc stabilizer etc., these composite stabilizer usually has joined the PVC processing lubricants and other additives needed to facilitate the users. Many varieties of composite stabilizer with powder, paste, liquid, three forms.

PVC stabilizers detection

1 hydrotalcite, organic auxiliary classes of organic compounds such as single-use type, the thermal stability is not good, often with a metal-containing heat stabilizer compound used. Currently used thermal stabilizers are organic polyols, phosphite, epoxidized soybean oil, 1,3 - dione. Polyhydric alcohol is the mechanism: generating a complex catalytic effect of chloride, thereby enhancing the effect of the thermal stability of metal. The most commonly used polyols are pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol sorbic alcohol. WangMing other studies of pentaerythritol heat stabilizer for calcium zinc thermal stabilization, S.van E.Daan polyols and other studies on PVC processing performance. Organic phosphite heat stabilizer is the most important and the calcium stearate largest use one, when compounded with the metal soap is used, the effect is obvious. Commonly used are alkyl and aryl phosphites. Epoxy oils has attracted more and more people's attention, such compounds are characterized by a molecule containing one or more epoxy groups, PVC heat generated when hydrogen chloride, an epoxy group to quickly react with , blocking the hydrogen chloride from the catalyst for PVC, thereby improving the thermal stability of PVC. As the epoxy oils of PVC has a strong plasticizing action and non-toxic, in recent years, many such as food packaging for soft cork bottle plasticizers and heat stabilizers. Wu Maoying other studies β-diketone compound and zinc heat stabilizing effect, that the β-diketone complexes of zinc with excellent thermal stability performance. PVC heat stabilizers organic research is entering the 21st century one of the hotspots. As the representative of Egypt Sabaa researchers studied a variety of organic compounds and their derivatives stabilizing effect on PVC, typical substances vanillin - Schiff base, barbituric acid, etc. These organic compounds have excellent thermal stability. In addition to the calcium zinc stabilizer organic auxiliary heat stabilizers, thermal stability of the PVC industry, hydrotalcite, synthetic zeolites, and other inorganic perchlorate also used in supplemental heat stabilizers. Hydrotalcite layered inorganic metal material, its molecular formula is: Mg6Al2 (OH) 16CO3, while water of crystallization with a conventional synthesized by coprecipitation method. When a hydrotalcite is used as heat stabilizers for PVC, and PVC processing can be released during the degradation reaction of hydrogen chloride, when the hydrotalcite is used alone as heat stabilizers for PVC, the effect is not ideal, and a metal soap compound generally used. Hydrotalcite obvious disadvantage is poor compatibility with PVC, in recent years, different researchers by reducing the size of the hydrotalcite to improve their dispersion in PVC or molecular modification hydrotalcite enhance compatibility. Synthetic zeolite molecular sieves or more types of structure of the compound, usually containing oxides of silicon and aluminum composite, also contain water of crystallization, the molecule containing regular pore structure. In recent years, zeolite PVC industry as a heat stabilizer also been studied and used. Using an oil bath pot, built glycerin, will be tested PVC heat stabilizers mixed with the material after being loaded into a small test tube, so that the material becomes a slight concussion and firm, and then placed in an oil bath pot among glycerol oil bath pot set in advance a temperature of approximately 170 ℃, PVC material within the small tube and the upper surface of the upper surface level of glycerin, small tube top, with a thin tube inserted into the plug, the upper and lower transparent glass, the glass tube Congo red paper hit the bottom of the roll inserted so Congo red paper with the lower edge of the upper edge of the PVC material is located about 2 cm. After the start of the experiment, record the test tube to the test tube from Congo red paper turns blue start time is the thermal stabilization time. The basic theory of this experiment is that when the PVC at a temperature of about 170 ℃ when rapid decomposition, but with the addition of a heat stabilizer, suppresses the decomposition, with time, the heat stabilizer consumption occurs when the antimony oxide consumption is completed , PVC dramatically HCl gas decomposition in this case, the test tube as Congo Red reagent reacts easily with HCl and discoloration, will be immediately apparent, a note of the time determined by the length of time to heat stabilizer the effect of pros and cons. 2.2 Preparation of the static oven test in addition to thermal stability of PVC powder and other agents other processing aids (such as lubricants, impact modifiers, fillers, etc.) of the high-speed mixed sample. The sample must be taken, according to certain proportion of different thermal stabilizers, after mixing, add to the double-stick kneading machine for preparation of test pieces, generally without the addition of a plasticizer in the case, two roll temperature is set at 160 ~ 180 ℃, adding a plasticizer, the roller temperature is generally about 140 ℃. Tabletting using two stick repeatedly to obtain a uniform film after the backsheet, and clip, a certain size with different samples PVC heat stabilizer. Different PVC sheet placed in a test fixture, and then placed at constant temperature (180 ℃) of the oven at regular intervals (eg 10 min or 15 min), to record the color change of the test piece until the black so far. An oven aging test, can determine the thermal stability of PVC heat stabilizer effect to the merits, particularly ability to inhibit the color change is generally believed that, PVC heat, the color will occur white - yellow - brown - brown - black range from shallow deep changes, through a certain period of time to determine the color of PVC degradation. Torque rheometer torque rheometer is an imitation of the actual PVC processing of a typical small pilot-type apparatus. Outside of the instrument a closed processing tank, connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed, torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models. Experimental procedure is: be prepared in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch, masterbatch formulations, in addition to base other than PVC general there ACR, CPE, 64 engineering applications 2011, Volume 39, No. 8 CaCO3, TiO2, lubrication agent. Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature, when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed, will be weighed mixture added processing chamber, quickly closed records on a computer connected to a variety of parameters, namely flow curve. After processing, you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics, such as whiteness, whether shaping, smoothness and so on. These parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers, heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing. Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge [24]. 2.5 blackened roll as a dynamic measurement test the effect of a thermal stabilizer class helper methods, dynamic rheometer double roll is used in the absence of experimental double-rolled sheet, select the instrument, which will be combined with high-speed mixed powder, pressed sheet forming, the resulting samples were subjected to repeated extrusion until the black test piece until completely black record time, the time is called blackening. Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC. 4 LDHs as PVC heat stabilizers research LDHs are a class of special structure and properties of inorganic crystalline materials, the typical structural features: ordered nanoscale laminates; has exchangeable interlayer anions; Shelf element according to the design requirements can be adjusted within a certain range; isomorphous substitution can also be introduced by other metal atoms, such as the host layer alkaline. Synthetic hydrotalcite with other thermal stabilizer compound as PVC heat stabilizer, can significantly increase the thermal stability of PVC, PVC material may also be given a number of other excellent properties, which is due to the hydrotalcite has a unique structure and properties. Huayou Qing [4] studied the Mg-Al hydrotalcite layered double hydroxides right through the base of PVC rigid and lightweight thermal stability, introduced the stabilizer coprecipitation synthesis method, and its X- ray diffraction analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis; results show that this kind of novel thermal stabilizer has important environmental value and economic benefits. Zhang Li [5] by colorimetry, pyrolysis studies hydrotalcite, lead salts, organic tin, as well as hydrotalcite and lead salts, organic tin compound stabilizers for PVC composite stabilizing effect, study the lead salt stabilizer system and hydrotalcite and organic tin compound stabilizer systems for PVC mechanical and rheological properties. The results showed that: hydrotalcite can not be the primary stabilizer of PVC, it should only be a secondary PVC stabilizer or stabilizer compounded with other compound stabilizers for use ratio of Mg 2 DLHs effect on the thermal stability of PVC most Jia, respectively, and lead salts hydrotalcite, organotin compound were carried out with good synergies and the latter better stability of PVC. Which, PVC, hydrotalcite and organic tin compound to 100:1.5:1.5 mass ratio of thermal stability of the composite system is not only superior to the conventional lead salt system, with good mechanical and rheological properties. Liu Zhiyuan [6] in the appropriate conditions, by coprecipitation synthesis of a series Mg-Al hydrotalcite products. Mg-Al-based hydrotalcite adjustable main characteristics of the chemical composition of shelves, first explores the Mg-Al-based hydrotalcite-doped calcium possibilities. The flame retardant and smoke suppression function of calcium into the main body of Mg-Al hydrotalcite chemical composition of laminates, laminates replace some or all of the magnesium ion, achieved through the experimental study of calcium magnesium aluminum layered product type three metaclasses and calcium aluminum hydrotalcite Bivariate Hydrotalcite synthesis. Using XRD, FT-IR on their composition and structure were characterized. XRD results that the samples are synthesized hydrotalcite layer structure, good crystal, high purity. IR analysis of samples tested synthetic interlayer anions are good symmetry of CO32-, further confirmed the Ca / Mg / Al Hydrotalcite successful synthesis. First studied as a flame retardant, heat stabilizer in PVC applications. Experimental results show that the Ca / Mg / Al hydrotalcite can improve the thermal stability of PVC. Under comparable conditions, MgAl-CO3-LDHs flame retardant and smoke suppression performance than Al (OH) 3 and Mg (OH) 2. At the same dosage (20phr) case, calcium magnesium aluminum type ternary Mg-Al hydrotalcite exhibited than hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite-type calcium aluminum better flame retardant and smoke suppression performance, indicating Ca2 + has improved materials flame retardant and smoke suppression effect.

Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant

aluminium hydroxide powder can be used as plastics, rubber and other polymers fillers. The crystal structure of these inorganic fillers, the particle size, particle shape, surface properties such as to determine their filling properties. Modern new polymer materials require not only non-metallic mineral filler having a capacity increase and lower material costs

The effect of this, more importantly, the polymer having a reinforcing or improving the heat resistance and other functions. In order to achieve the purpose retardant, need a lot of filling, this is bound to affect the mechanical properties of flame-retardant materials and processing characteristics. Therefore, by fine (micronized, highly purified, surface activation

) And synergistic effect to enhance the quality of aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant properties of both filled, flame retardant, smoke suppression, such as multiple functions, flexible polyurethane foam Al (OH) 3, low smoke effect (NBS Act) the largest amount of safety and environmental inorganic flame retardant agent. OH

Aluminum in the range of 245 ˉ 320 ℃ has basically completed the dehydration reaction, the release of crystal water molecules, absorption of latent heat, lower the temperature, the flame retardant technology in the "cooling technology." At the same time, produce a lot of water vapor can dilute combustible gases; decomposition of Al2O3 and other

Carbide together form a flame barrier, reducing the ablation rate to prevent flame spread. Another prominent feature of aluminum hydroxide is its smoke suppression effect.

Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant

aluminium hydroxide powder can be used as plastics, rubber and other polymers fillers. The crystal structure of these inorganic fillers, the particle size, particle shape, surface properties such as to determine their filling properties. Modern new polymer materials require not only non-metallic mineral filler having a capacity increase and lower material costs

The effect of this, more importantly, the polymer having a reinforcing or improving the heat resistance and other functions. In order to achieve the purpose retardant, need a lot of filling, this is bound to affect the mechanical properties of flame-retardant materials and processing characteristics. Therefore, by fine (micronized, highly purified, surface activation

) And synergistic effect to enhance the quality of aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant properties of both filled, flame retardant, smoke suppression, such as multiple functions, flexible polyurethane foam Al (OH) 3, low smoke effect (NBS Act) the largest amount of safety and environmental inorganic flame retardant agent. OH

Aluminum in the range of 245 ˉ 320 ℃ has basically completed the dehydration reaction, the release of crystal water molecules, absorption of latent heat, lower the temperature, the flame retardant technology in the "cooling technology." At the same time, produce a lot of water vapor can dilute combustible gases; decomposition of Al2O3 and other

Carbide together form a flame barrier, reducing the ablation rate to prevent flame spread. Another prominent feature of aluminum hydroxide is its smoke suppression effect.

Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant

aluminium hydroxide powder can be used as plastics, rubber and other polymers fillers. The crystal structure of these inorganic fillers, the particle size, particle shape, surface properties such as to determine their filling properties. Modern new polymer materials require not only non-metallic mineral filler having a capacity increase and lower material costs

The effect of this, more importantly, the polymer having a reinforcing or improving the heat resistance and other functions. In order to achieve the purpose retardant, need a lot of filling, this is bound to affect the mechanical properties of flame-retardant materials and processing characteristics. Therefore, by fine (micronized, highly purified, surface activation

) And synergistic effect to enhance the quality of aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant properties of both filled, flame retardant, smoke suppression, such as multiple functions, flexible polyurethane foam Al (OH) 3, low smoke effect (NBS Act) the largest amount of safety and environmental inorganic flame retardant agent. OH

Aluminum in the range of 245 ˉ 320 ℃ has basically completed the dehydration reaction, the release of crystal water molecules, absorption of latent heat, lower the temperature, the flame retardant technology in the "cooling technology." At the same time, produce a lot of water vapor can dilute combustible gases; decomposition of Al2O3 and other

Carbide together form a flame barrier, reducing the ablation rate to prevent flame spread. Another prominent feature of aluminum hydroxide is its smoke suppression effect.

Aluminum hydroxide flame retardant

aluminium hydroxide powder can be used as plastics, rubber and other polymers fillers. The crystal structure of these inorganic fillers, the particle size, particle shape, surface properties such as to determine their filling properties. Modern new polymer materials require not only non-metallic mineral filler having a capacity increase and lower material costs

The effect of this, more importantly, the polymer having a reinforcing or improving the heat resistance and other functions. In order to achieve the purpose retardant, need a lot of filling, this is bound to affect the mechanical properties of flame-retardant materials and processing characteristics. Therefore, by fine (micronized, highly purified, surface activation

) And synergistic effect to enhance the quality of aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant properties of both filled, flame retardant, smoke suppression, such as multiple functions, flexible polyurethane foam Al (OH) 3, low smoke effect (NBS Act) the largest amount of safety and environmental inorganic flame retardant agent. OH

Aluminum in the range of 245 ˉ 320 ℃ has basically completed the dehydration reaction, the release of crystal water molecules, absorption of latent heat, lower the temperature, the flame retardant technology in the "cooling technology." At the same time, produce a lot of water vapor can dilute combustible gases; decomposition of Al2O3 and other

Carbide together form a flame barrier, reducing the ablation rate to prevent flame spread. Another prominent feature of aluminum hydroxide is its smoke suppression effect.