Some simple analysis of heat stabilizer for shoes

A) cadmium, zinc soap is typical of early-type heat stabilizers, can quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn, thereby effectively suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the WSD Plastic impact modifier  consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL efficient catalyst PVC, PVC and thus lead to the degradation of the material suddenly vicious black, so poor long-term thermal stability.
2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers, absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC, but the conversion product BaC12, CaC12 do not have  WSD zinc stearate catalytic activity, does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better.
3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity.
4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile features, while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not WSD Polyethylene wax  have catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect. First of cadmium and zinc compounds are used as stabilizers because of their transparency, and can maintain the original color of PVC products. Long term thermal stability provided by the pot is much smaller than the barium and zinc compounds. They tend to be very small in the case of threatened or without warning, suddenly completely degraded.

The main performance lubricants commonly used PVC

Common PVC lubricants [2] The main properties are as follows: calcium (1) stearic acid:
White powder, mp 148-155 ℃, non-toxic, have excellent lubricity and workability, no sulfide contamination with lead and basic lead salt soap and use, can increase the rate of gelation, the dosage is generally 0.1-0.4PHR.
(2) polyethylene wax
White or light yellow powder or granules contain small amounts of oxidized polyethylene wax, although polar group is still compatible with the PVC, but the higher the efficiency of the lubrication can be improved lubricity between the polymer and the metal, improving the WSD PVC lubricants  extrusion efficiency, improve a colorant dispersion, gives the product a good transparency and gloss. The amount of 0.1-0.5PHR.
(3) stearate
White or light yellow granules, mp 70-71 ℃. Slow evaporation at 90-100 ℃, as external lubricant in PVC processing hardware, the amount is usually 0.2-0.5PHR, and have the effect of preventing scale chromatography, but easy to use excessive blooming.
(4) Glyceryl stearate
Powder substance, melting point 85-87 ℃, has excellent heat resistance and flowability, increase the amount of filler, may contribute to the plasticizing. And waxes and use, to improve the thermal stability of PVC-U. General amount of 0.2-0.6PHR.
In practice it was found that when two or more with the use of the lubricant, when used alone with the emergence of WSD Titanium dioxide rutile  a different effect. In profile formulations, the way they use complex
(5) Paraffin
Melting point 57-63 ℃, no polar group, is a typical external lubricant. Because of its low melting point, easy to evaporate, a small melt viscosity, only within a narrow range from lubrication, suitable for single, twin-screw extruder, the general amount of 0.1-0.8PHR. This product is poor transparency, easy to whiten.
(6) Polyethylene wax
White powder, a softening point of about 100-117 ℃, due to its relatively large molecular weight, high melting  WSD Stabilizers for pipe point, low volatility and therefore at a higher temperature and shear rate, also showed significant lubricating effect. For hard PVC single, twin-screw extruder, the usual dose is 0.1-0.5PHR.

Calcium stearate uniform fine white powder

Calcium stearate uniform fine white powder. Melting point 145 ℃. Dissolved in toluene, ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents, insoluble in water. When heated to 400 ℃ slowly decomposed, flammable, met decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt. There are absorbent, non-toxic.
Edit this paragraph purposes: heat stabilizers for PVC and other plastic processing lubricants, mold release agents and the like. In rigid products, and the base of lead salts, lead soap can increase the rate of gelation. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and  Chrolinated polyethylene other requirements of non-toxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, halogen absorbers to eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on the color and stability. As plasticizers in rubber processing, enabling natural rubber and synthetic rubber to soften the whole, and almost no effect on curing. Also used as polyolefin fibers and molded plastic lubricants, grease thickening agent, textile  aluminium stearate waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent, plasticizer manufacturing plastic labels and so on. Also used in pencil manufacturing and medicine, perfume industry. Calcium Stearate Formula: (C17H35COO) 2Ca Molecular Weight: 606 CAS NO.1592-23-0 gravity: 1.08 Technical Specifications: Index name Premium grade First grade Second grade calcium content% 6.5 ± 0.5 6.5 ± 0.6 6.5 ± 0.7 free acid (stearic acid)% ≤ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Heating loss% ≤ 2.0 3.0 3.0 Melting point ℃ 149-155 ≥ 140 ≥ 125 fineness (0.075mm sieve)% ≥ 99.5 99.0 99.0 impurities (grain) ≤ 6 12 - Micro residue (0.063mm sieve remaining)% ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 Whiteness% ≥ 95 90 -
Polyolefins, polyolefin acid neutralizer color stability and corrosion with direct contribution; lubricating / processing aluminium stearate  aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides, styrene-based rubber, and extrusion molding (film, fibers, copying, etc.), and press molding workability. For release of thermoplastics, thermoset rubber, and articles, such as polyurethane foam and an unsaturated polyester.

Titanium dioxide in the garment and textile industry, the role of

Titanium dioxide is not just paint, paint and some other industrial sectors, "apple", but also some of the production and living supplies industry love. Such as cosmetics industry, garment and textile industry and so on. Here we take a look at the garment and textile  pvc additive industry, titanium dioxide effect. Garment and textile industry is an important part of the chemical fiber industry, while titanium dioxide is a chemical fiber industry indispensable quality raw materials. Titanium dioxide matting agent added only to the chemical fiber matting play an important role, and polymer properties of the fiber, machine wear, the life cycle of the filter assembly, the breakage rate of spinning, the fiber physical and mechanical properties of impact, and therefore, the extinction dosage should not be too high, you should select the degree to which the extinction, in general, the amount tio2 rutile  of titanium dioxide is added between 0.1% -0.3% when semidull, adding 0.5% to 2.5% as dull. Generally, in practice, the added amount of titanium dioxide 0.2% -0.5% of the extinction and can achieve a good whitening effect, obtained with the natural fiber of similar opacity, and the fiber strength, elongation no significant effect .
With the vigorous development of China's garment industry, chemical industry output is proportional to the development of chemical fiber and chemical fiber with titanium dioxide and  black iron oxide total consumption is proportional to the fiber consumption will vary with the titanium dioxide industry growth and money increase dramatically. Next few years, the market demand for fiber with titanium dioxide or will gradually increase, production and sales of chemical fiber with titanium dioxide or profit growth point.

Titanium dioxide industry should focus on some of the issues of environmental protection

Environment is the only place where we live , Mother Earth as we deal with every day in excess of garbage , but apparently excessive garbage Mother Earth has been unable to make too much for us to do things . So no matter what we have to first think of our living environment . For Acrylic processing aid  environmental protection is titanium dioxide industry is no exception , then we go to see the titanium dioxide industry it.
With the deepening awareness of environmental protection , a lot of the industry's products are increasingly focused on adding environmental elements. Titanium dioxide industry , but also should pay attention to protect the environment. Focus on product quality , environmentally friendly products concerned .
As we all know , paper, steel , coal and other heavy polluting industries belong , in the paper industry applications also belong to the heavy pollution of titanium products, titanium dioxide industry also belong to the heavily polluting industries. With the relevant departments of the importance of high- polluting industries , the Department is developing titanium dioxide industry 's pollution control policies . Many companies also  titanium dioxide strengthened titanium dioxide for the prevention and treatment of pollutants , and strive to do a good job fast pace of transformation and upgrading . As we all know, the chemical name is titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide, which is recognized as the world's best performance of white pigment . While pollution is a major problem, but titanium dioxide business environment very seriously . Because, as long as they focus on the environment , the enterprise has a better development . A business to long-term development , in addition to high -quality products and quality services , but also should have some sense of social responsibility . After all, is a commercial society , in the family exist, and can not simply not pay attention to the development of the views of the people around . In the development of enterprises do not care about an important part of environmental protection . Companies only care about their Plastic chemical  own economic development , but also pay attention to social benefits, in order to have a longer-term development .
 Titanium dioxide industry needs to pay attention to environmental protection , which is a manifestation of social responsibility . Of course, the titanium dioxide industry , there are many companies to focus on quality and titanium dioxide business environment , will combine to make the idea as a business development momentum.

What is produced by the human body lubricant

It has long been trying to apply the lubricant human , lubricants ( liquid ) most applications in clinical medicine in the early examination of the human body : a lot of medical equipment will be in -depth at different levels of the human body caused by mechanical injury , lubricants You can minimize the body tissue , mucosal damage. Early human lubricant is  tribasic lead sulphate glycerin and hydrophilic substance as the main component , was improved by adding glass , sodium ethyl cellulose , Kaposi mother and other ingredients, improved reducing sticky , balance pH , to try and human humoral similar , reducing the probability of occurrence of allergic symptoms .
Lubricants used in human sexuality also has a very long history , but early people used vegetable oils such as olive oil and so on. However, due to limited composition effect is not ideal , easily contaminated clothing , not easy to be absorbed by the body ; Later, people Acrylic processing aid  have tried to use Vaseline, baby oil , shower gel, massage oil, petroleum-based mineral oil as a lubricating substance ; these substances are often sticky too large and difficult to clean after use is likely to cause residues, even after use is likely to be blocked by both men and women the urethra , resulting in difficulty urinating pain , and it will destroy the carbon black  condom stable , resulting in unwanted pregnancies , which will be on the human body damage ; now on the market are mainly used in the human body lubricant sex lubricating ; human lubricant weak acidic PH value 5-7 , consistent with the vaginal environment , while its viscosity is 1500-2000mpa.s lubricating properties and is the body's secretions are not available , so the lubricant is not only excellent human body secretions supplements , better play secretions can not achieve smooth effect, the colorless , odorless , tasteless , non greasy characteristics , allowing people to fully enjoy the natural sex. While the use of more safe and convenient.

Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations

Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations, generally can be classified according to the chemical composition of lead salts, metal soaps (such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium, calcium, lead and zinc soap, etc.), organic tin , epoxy esters and chelating agents (such as phosphorous Type).
Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the  magnesium stearate largest amount of a class of stabilizers. In these products, a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and so on. "One package" type products is likely to exist between additive synergies, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect, and eliminates the need for cumbersome to calculate the amount of the aid to facilitate the user's use and storage, but also reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution . Foreign markets products AKGros representative of Interlite series. Lead salt heat stabilizer lower than the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, while the tribasic lead sulphate  complex (especially non-toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growing faster than average growth rate, the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide oriented, national attention to the environment due to human survival. Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts in the PVC processing applications, products accelerated restructuring, new products, new formulations developed very active.
 The traditional single lead salt powdered, granular single lead salts and crisp like a single lead salt, the latter is to eliminate both powdered lead salts in the production and use of lead salts of dust pollution, improve safety production. But in terms of lead salts of lead oxide content, it is no longer just about 90%, but to develop in the direction of  n-butyl stearate low lead content and low toxicity. At present, foreign direct synthesis reaction has ceased production made of tribasic lead sulfate, lead salt on the market stabilizer, dispersing after surface treatment are the good performance of these products or with a mixture of other additives.
As countries PVC processing technology, equipment, and extrusion speeds increase, and global increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the thermal stabilizer more stringent requirements, heat stabilizers general trend is to the non-(low) lead , cadmium, low dust, compound effectively and easily dispersed direction, to environmental protection, the development of special type.
Another focus of development is the set of stability, lubricity, oxidation resistance, UV resistance and flame resistance in one, made of composite stabilizer. Multiple composite "one package" type products become market development

Potassium stearate some simple introduction

1 Stearic acid and potassium hydroxide at elevated temperature , and then cooled to obtain the product .
2 10g of stearic acid was dissolved in 100mL 95% ethanol , with 0.5mol / L alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide titration with Impact modifier  phenolphthalein as an indicator , titrated to the equivalence point, the precipitated potassium stearate soap pump filtration separation . The crude product can be recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give pure product.
Bulking agent ; blowing agents ; anti-caking agent ; emulsifier ; stabilizer. As emulsifiers , can be used in cakes , maximum usage Pigments  is 0.18g/kg. Used as a surfactant and fabric softener .
Potassium stearate, potassium stearate ; potassium stearate white powder , with slight fatty odor . Molecular weight of 322.58 . Soluble in water, alcohol. Slowly soluble in cold water. The litmus and phenolphthalein solution were strongly alkaline , but only to phenolphthalein alcohol solution was slightly alkaline . General merchandise contain a certain proportion of palmitate . Production methods used mainly saponification . With butter, suet and other oils as raw tomatoes with potassium hydroxide solution , saponification reaction, and then salting , separation of glycerol derived. Use of anionic surfactants. Often referred to as potassium soap or soft soap, mainly Optical brightener  used for Cream shampoo and cosmetics as emulsifiers and detergents . The emulsion has a high efficiency, but sensitive to hard water , to produce calcium soaps with hard water , the emulsion variant or destruction , is a calcium -sensitive emulsion , so the cosmetics production process should be noted.
 Properties: potassium stearate appearance of fine white , fluffy powder , creamy feel , no sand feeling, fatty odor , soluble in hot water or alcohol , the solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis .
Main use: This product is widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical , cosmetics and other industries, mainly for food stabilizers, lubricants , emulsifiers , mold release agents , thickeners , accelerators, cosmetic base materials such as glue additive
   Quality index: content greater than 98.0% , acid value :196 -211 , iodine value : less than 4.0% Loss on drying: 4.0% Heavy metal : 10ppm, Arsenic : Less than 3ppm.

aluminum sulfate wastewater in food processing applications

Different stages in the food industry wastewater generated features are not the same. The main raw material in the first washing is suspended contamination produced, and in the production and  PVC foaming board stabilizer processing stage is mainly organic contamination, and in the forming stage as compared to additive contamination. The aluminum sulfate wastewater treatment in the food processing which stage it? Its application is kind of how it?
Aluminum sulfate in the food wastewater treatment applications
In the food industry wastewater, for some small colloidal particles, or some colloidal solution, difficult or impossible to subsidence occurred adding chemical coagulants aluminum sulfate wastewater, making it easy to form large particles settling to remove. Wastewater colloid state of proteins and polysaccharides, ie after dosing oxidized PE WAX  coagulation better removal.
Commonly used in the food processing wastewater coagulation agent
Lime, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. Lime is generally not used alone, often used in conjunction with other agents, the optimal dosage and pH should be determined by experiments. Aluminum sulfate in waste water treatment in the food, in addition to a coagulant, but also can serve as a redox agent, alkaline food waste can be used as the acid modifier. It is the versatility in the alkaline waste water chemicals.

non-toxic plasticizer simple description

 When it comes to plasticizers, plasticizers what we will think , ah, ah how I heard that some such similar problems, in fact, we have a lot of life added plasticizer things. We want some drunk beverage plastic bottle washer , it is to add a plasticizer effect. This is what we have to say in health problems . We have some kids are not only a drink , it is white foaming agent  often in direct contact with the bottle mouth , thus indirectly and plastic washers contacts among which there is a security risk. Although China has been developing and this demanding but non-toxic plasticizer , but our research and production is still a large gap with the developed countries , which we need to work with the plasticizer manufacturers struggled . So a lot of our attention on these small issues , in order to avoid unwittingly endanger our own health. But we need not live in fear face plasticizer is not necessary anxious fact, according to the way of life of modern society is entirely escape phthalate esters is almost impossible , but there is no need  PVC stabilizer to over- nervous, because normal life the exposure to the plasticizer risk of harm to the human body can be ignored .
    In the next time we come together to talk about how to reduce plasticizer in life hazard .
Why can metal soap odor
Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role . Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder Plastic impact modifier  obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil . Germany invented the metal soap is the patented product , made ​​of stainless steel alloy, shape and ordinary soap is no different , the use of the methods of physics ( catalytic effect ) decomposition of macromolecules

Aspects of plastic flame retardant technology

Plastic applications continue to expand at the same time increasing its heat and combustible and easily ignite , brought to mankind unexpected danger and loss.
Began to pay attention and emphasizes natural and synthetic materials, flame resistance , flame retardant additives began as an important class of first chemical fiber, plastics industry rise .
Flame began to develop rapidly , consumption and varieties rose sharply , there are around 6 to 8 percent growth rate. Many of the additives in the plastics industry in flame retardant consumption has moved up to No. 2 , second only to the great variety of  iron oxide yellow plasticizers . . Flame retardant additive and reaction is usually divided into types: additive flame retardant used for thermoplastics , is currently the world 's largest production of flame retardants, flame retardants accounted for 90% of total . More reactive flame retardant for thermosetting plastics ; flame retardants according to the chemical structure can be divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants , inorganic flame retardants are antimony compounds , inorganic boron compounds, inorganic phosphorus flame retardant , inorganic hydroxides , organic flame retardants include organic halogenated flame retardants and organic phosphorus flame retardant. Antimony flame retardants. Antimony prices high , heavy smoke , while halogen flame retardant antimony trioxide is essential gn3t}? ^. Bm synergists , so trioxide particle fineness requirement is getting smaller, not only greatly reduce the amount of increase flame jf? v [{! K | , but also smoke are greatly reduced . Are generally in the fineness of several microns to 0.01μm, as developed by Seiko Co., Ltd. of Japan Patox average particle size of 0 .01 ~ 0 .02 μm. Guizhou Rong Jiang Fenghua developed chemical antimony antimony oxide ultrafine pure activity , with an average particle size of 0.02μm, content of 99.999% . PolycomHuntsman developed "N% vVu` P NyacoIADP480 a particle size less than 0.1μm antimony pentoxide , adding 1% in the PP up a good flame retardant , and not ?)? L? AVQIp
Be of PP impact strength, transparency, etc. impact. Another use of antimony trioxide and aluminum hydroxide , zinc borate , fluoride {C?? O @?? WS borate complex , not only can reduce the amount of antimony trioxide and the amount of smoke is also greatly reduced. In short ultrafine seek ) E??. OaP antimony substitutes and reduce the amount of smoke is antimony flame retardants development focus . ? G?} 7?? 50 TW2? 4? ~? / - Brominated flame retardants . Brominated flame retardants despite heavy smoke , because of environmental issues by the EU restrictions ; but chromium oxide  because flame -g?? NpH? YB good performance , with less impact on product performance is small, quite a long time in the future is still as the main flame . With ? ~ PpN? DLFL
Brominated flame retardants is to continue to develop new features to improve and increase the molecular weight of bromine content . Such as the U.S. Ferro 's PB-68 is mainly composed of brominated polystyrene, the molecular weight 15000 containing 68% bromine . Belfast bromine chemical companies and Ameribrom companies were developed poly Pentabromophenol acrylate bromine content of 70.5% \ MW 30000 ~}-n? DdMa / - 80000. These flame retardants particularly suitable for all kinds of engineering plastics, migration , compatibility , thermal stability, flame resistance , etc. are much better than many small molecules flame retardants , may become future replacements. - Phosphorus flame retardant . Phosphorus flame retardants are white blowing agent  mostly liquid, mainly used in PU, PVC and other plastics . United retardant properties of polymers is much better than the linear polymer , so thermoplastics plus $? _ZQ]?? F add a small amount of crosslinking agent work becomes part of the polymer network structure, not only to improve the dispersibility of the flame retardant , there are benefits BqOve? s2xU the polymer produced when burning coking in the condensed phase , effectively improve the flame retardant properties and to increase the product 's physical and mechanical properties ? O-YGEjeG? energy , resistance, thermal properties, etc., as in adding a small amount of soft PVC quaternary it to heat to form a crosslinked flame retardant material > a ~: z?-Jiz material . Radiation may also be used to join metal oxides and crosslinking methods, but also allows the polymer to pay . W #?? VTZE; d zk???? 0B {- directly generate retardant monomer technology . Directly before the polymerization of the monomer having a flame resistance, so that the resulting 1? Wo? FI?; Polymer a flame retardant material, but also a method of flame .

PVC heat stabilizers for some special cases

The development of PVC stabilizers lot of convenience to our lives , each of R & D will be derived additives affect our lives PVC products , PVC material is polyvinyl chloride , in life can be seen everywhere , making pipe corrosion , pipe fittings, pipelines, pumps black iron oxide  and blowers . PVC hard board is widely used in the chemical industry on the production of a variety of tank lining , building corrugated board , doors and windows structure , wall decorations and other construction material . As electrical insulation performance, in electrical and electronic industry, for the manufacture of plugs, sockets , switches and cables. In everyday life , used in the manufacture of PVC sandals, raincoat, toys and artificial leather . These PVC products affect our lives.
Driven by increased demand for PVC products PVC stabilizer which the development of this industry . PVC products affect our lives so PVC stabilizers are increasingly close to the lives of the development of  yellow iron oxide life . PVC stabilizer industry development of this industry is also rapid development. Additives trend is towards non-toxic , multifunctional. Complex nature . Molecular technology , formulation auxiliaries and containerization technology progressed rapidly and other characteristics.
Development of stabilizers for PVC additives tend Development of non-toxic non-toxic pollution tends to develop Cd, Pb stabilizers alternatives very active research and development , Ba-Zn, Ca-Zn composite metal such as heat stabilizer and organic tin , organo-antimony stabilizers faster product development , large consumption ; vitamin E is used as the polyolefin "green" antioxidants have been put to practical use , is expected to become a substitute for BHT , Tim Wyatt first developed countries of Ba-Zn, Ca non-toxic and environmentally -Zn stabilizer into the market by the well market reaction.
Multifunctional additives trend
Multifunctional additives variety development has made great progress , antistatic plasticizer , flame retardant plasticizers, stabilizers are versatile products available.
Stabilizers for PVC compound type additives and containerization trend
Synergies between various additives according to the principle of re-dubbed the additive helps assembled in one convenient plastic processing and full automation. Complex products often seen  iron oxide black in primary hindered phenolic antioxidants and phosphite antioxidants should month vinegar auxiliary system, and collection of aids wheat is mainly used for PVC processing areas.
Trends molecular weight stabilizers for PVC
Stabilizing additives, plasticizers, flame retardants and other product development progress reflects this trend . In the stabilizing agent , the high molecular weight of 150 hindered amine light stabilizer shows both the effect of thermal oxidation , high molecular weight plasticizer having a resistance out ; molecular weight and the heat resistance and flame retardant resin compatibility obtain improved.
PVC stabilizer future is certainly diversify towards green and healthy environment . Part of our lives .

stabilizer Synthesis of dimer acid lanthanum

pvc heat stabilizer lanthanum dimer acid synthesis process is as follows:
Instrument
FTS-40 infrared spectrometer, electric oven blast, the contact voltage regulator, vacuum filtration machines, electronic scales, electric mixer, oil bath pot, mortar.
Reagents
PVC resin, PVC-SG5 (China Xinxiang resin plant production); dimer acid, stearic acid, lanthanum oxide, nitric acid, ethanol, sodium hydroxide, glycerol.
Synthesis of dimer antimony trioxide  acid lanthanum
Weigh 32. 6 g of La2O3 sample was dissolved in dilute nitric acid, then heated until the reaction is complete and dilute to 250 mL, namely to obtain La (NO3) 3 solution.
A certain amount of NaOH in a beaker, add water, a mixed solvent of ethanol (3:1), to which a certain amount of  organic pigments dimer acid, the mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ homogeneous clear solution was obtained, the pH was adjusted to pH9, and then added dropwise La (NO3) 3 solution, stir a few minutes to complete the reaction, filtered after standing in electric blast drying oven spare. First, the product can fully meet the RoHS seven ministries and the state of various types of electronic and electrical products, ban lead and lead limit requirements. Improve titanium dioxide anatase  product quality and grades, solve the various policy rules ban on PVC products, lead and environmental requirements. Second, the product can be 100% replacement for lead salt heat stabilizer

The main types of PVC

You can use the extruder extruded hoses, cables, wires, etc.; utilize injection molding machine with a variety of molds can be made of plastic
(7740, -270.00, -3.37%) sandals, shoes, slippers, toys, auto parts and so on.
2.pvc film. pvc mixed with additives, plasticizers, the use of three-roll or four-roll calender and  aluminium hydroxide formed into a predetermined thickness of a transparent or colored film,
This method of processing a film, a calendered film. You can also cut, heat processing, packaging bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and film use. The biaxially oriented thin
Film, suffered heat shrinkable properties, can be used for shrink packaging.
3.pvc coating products.
There is pvc artificial leather substrate confused spreads the cloth or paper, and then at 100 degrees or more plasticizing. Also available
In the first pvc calendered into a film with additives, and then laminated together with the substrate. No artificial leather substrate is directly from the rolling machine rolling into a certain thickness of the soft system sheet, and then the pressure on the pattern can be. Can be used to make leather suitcases, purses, book cover,
Sofa and car seat, as well as floor coverings, flooring materials for buildings.
4.pvc foam products.
Soft pvc mixing, adding the  potassium stearate right amount of foaming agent made of sheet material, the foam molding of foam can be used for foam slippers
Sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushion packaging materials. Extruder can also be used as the basis of rigid pvc foam sheet and low profile, alternative timber trial, is a new construction material only.
5.pvc transparent sheet.
pvc impact modifier was added and the organic tin stabilizer, mixing, plasticizing, rolling and a transparent sheet. Using thermal
Molding can be made thin transparent containers or for vacuum packaging, is an excellent packaging materials and  intenal lubricant decorative materials.
6.pvc hard board and sheet.
adding pvc stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, the kneaded, extruded with an extruder to a variety of hard tube diameter, shaped
Tubes, bellows, as the plumbing, water pipes, wire casing or stair railing. Good hot rolled sheets overlap will be
Made of rigid plates of various thicknesses. Sheet can be cut into desired shape and then use pvc welded by hot air welding
Various chemical resistant tanks, duct and containers.
7.pvc other.
Windows and doors with rigid shaped materials assembled. In some countries such as aluminum windows and wood windows and doors windows and doors occupy common market; imitation
Wood materials, and steel building materials (North Sea); hollow container.

Fluorescent Brightener Fluorescent application areas

Fluorescent Lighting
Common fluorescent lamp is an example. Lamp inside is vacuumed and then inject a small amount of mercury. The oxidized PE WAX  mercury discharge lamp electrodes emit ultraviolet light . These ultraviolet light is invisible and harmful. So called tube wall covered with a layer of phosphorus ( phosphor ) the light substance that can absorb the ultraviolet light and emit visible light.
Can emit white light emitting diode (LED) is based on a similar principle . Emitted from the semiconductor light blue , blue light can excite the pole attached to the reflector of phosphorus ( fluorescent ) the light , so that they emit orange fluorescence light of two colors mix together showing the nearest white wildly .
Highlighter
Highlighter fluorescent agent, it encounters UV ( sunlight , fluorescent , mercury more ) will produce a fluorescent highlighter effect, a white light , so that the colors look a dazzling fluorescent feeling. Fluorescent highlighter with our watches are not the azodicarbonamide  same principle fluorescent light sticks , light sticks are internal reactions occurring radioactivity , radiation produced by the outer periphery of phosphors excited , so they at night without any UV luminescence under all circumstances . The highlighter is certainly the case before issuing a UV fluorescent highlighter that you just put the handwriting near mosquito lights , detectors can be seen very clearly .
Fluorescence in biochemistry and medical biochemistry and medicine has been widely used . It can be a fluorescent chemical reaction of the chemical groups bonded to biological macromolecules , and then by observing the fluorescence emitted tracer groups sensitive to detect the  titanium dioxide bio-molecules. Gems, minerals
Gems, minerals, fiber and other materials can be used as evidence in criminal ultraviolet or X-ray irradiation issued under the different nature of the fluorescence.
Rubies, emeralds , diamonds can be issued under short wavelength UV fluorescent red , emerald , topaz ( topaz ) , pearl can also fluoresce under ultraviolet light . Diamonds can also be issued under the X-ray phosphors .

impact modifier and processing modifier

Impact modifiers and processing modifier
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but  magnesium stearate also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the PVC flame retardant  chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .
⑤ styrene - butadiene = styrene copolymer (SBS): used mainly to change HIPS, PP, PS toughening , cold and impact strength . Added amount is generally 5 % to 10 %, can greatly improve the low temperature impact toughness .
⑥ synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomer impact modifier : synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers have excellent toughness, flexibility , high elasticity and excellent low temperature performance, itself has good impact resistance , good impact resistance is changed Xing agent.
POE is an ethylene / octene copolymers, as PE, PP, PA impact modifier to good effect in toughening the same time, to lower rigidity .
EPDM rubber (EPDM), has good flexibility, elasticity , tear resistance , acid and alkali , weather resistance and impact resistance.
From ethylene , propylene copolymer made of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), an amorphous rubber, has good impact properties.
Nitrile rubber (NBR), generally used in acrylonitrile content of 26 % to 32 % of impact modifier .
Others include styrene-butadiene rubber , butadiene rubber , chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber , etc., can be used as impact modifiers , General addition of 10% to 20%. Currently there are more commonly used ethylene-propylene rubber and nitrile rubber, for the modification of PVC, PP, HIPS, PS and other thermoplastic resins.
2 , processing modifier classification and species
① ACR: ACR is methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid ester copolymer. ACR has a core / shell structure of the polymers. Is a crosslinked butyl acrylate (BA) rubber-like polymer as the core and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the shell , the outer shell of his good compatibility with PVC, PMMA , and its inner layer of mild crosslinked core, the core and the shell or by a concentration gradient method of controlling with other polymers gradual transition , a transition layer is formed , so that the shell core and the compatibility is improved, which greatly improves the impact resistance results. It is not only the PVC processing modifier , impact modifier is a thermoplastic polyolefins and coupling agents . ACR models are more varieties .
ACR-201: white powder, the relative density of 1.05 to 1.20 , the particle size of 98 % passing 30 mesh . And close to the solubility parameter of PVC , it has good compatibility and moldability . As the PVC processing modifier generally ACR was 1% to 3%.
ACR-401: Appearance white powder, is methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate , styrene monomer is copolymerized four kinds . The molecular structure of the core-shell structure, molecular weight of 250,000 ~ 750,000 . Intrinsic viscosity of 0.5 to 1 Fineness 98% passed through a 40 mesh , the glass transition temperature of 54 ℃, the thermal decomposition temperature of 268 ℃, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone , methyl ethyl ketone . Non-toxic fire retardant.
Due to the crosslinked butyl acrylate rubber elastic body is formed as a shell structure , and therefore have good processing flowability and impact toughness.
② P-83: P-83 full name CHEMIGUM-P83, which is copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile , i.e., a new type of powdered nitrile rubber , a loose powder , has a special three-dimensional structure . Which is characterized by good compatibility with PVC , PVC overall improvement in performance. Improved processability , thermal stability , low temperature resistance , abrasion resistance , flexibility and the like .
And P-83 similar processing aids are: Canadian production KPYNAC-1122 and DuPont ELVALOY-741, 742 , etc.
③ poly- α- methylstyrene : the α- methylstyrene oligomer . Also known as AMS or R-18. Phenol and acetone production by-product , but also by cumene dehydrogenation. AMS molecular weight of 300 to 350 is liquid ; molecular weight of 700 to 1000 , known as M-80 resin , is brittle solid , a softening point of 93 ~ 105 ℃. AMS except for PVC , but also for the PU, PS, ABS and CPE and other cold weather processing modifier .
④ 820-G: is a chlorinated paraffin and polypropylene oxide - ethylene made ​​by free radical grafting of flame retardant  a surfactant , and a silane coupling agent after the chlorine composed of surface-treated carrier . Can significantly improve the processability of rigid PVC , and when adding 10 % to 15 %, the impact strength can be improved and increased surface gloss , replace part of ACR, that the products costs.
⑤ NPA: a polyolefin resin, a fluorine-containing resin , silicone , waxes and other preparation . NPA-6, NPA-8 is a linear low density polyethylene processing aids , the appearance of a white powder , melting at 105 ~ 110 ℃, molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,500 , a melt index of 50 ~ 55g/10min. NPA has a smoothness and processing mobility. Added amount is generally from 2% to 4%.
⑥ Many of the impact modifier MBS, ABS, CPE, EVA, SBS such as impact modifier , is processing modifier .

PVC processing aids

PVC is a very special thermoplastics, it is easy to decompose the pure resin processing, poor mobility, low impact strength, poor weather resistance and therefore require in the plastic flame retardant  process to add various auxiliary materials to improve their performance. Such as: lubricants, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, processing aids. Processing aids in the development and application process, by product ingredients can be divided into the following broad categories: methyl methacrylate (MMA) / acrylate copolymer, MMA / styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile / styrene, etc., currently Use the largest, the best is MMA / acrylate copolymer. 2, the role of
Processing aids (Processing Aid) main role is to:
1) to accelerate the flame retardant  process of PVC plastics.
2) to improve the rheological properties of the thermoplastic melt.
3) improve the thermo-elastic mechanical properties of the melt state.
4) improve the quality of products, the appearance of the other integrated functions.
Although the processing aid added is less, but to improve the performance of PVC processing is very important. Impact modifier and  barium stearate processing aid ACR ACR are acrylate polymer, but because of the different formulations performance ratio and different structures, impact the ACR about 10-20% of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid about 80-90% esters. MBS impact modifier ACR as the same as the core-shell structure. And MBS, CPE impact modifiers, etc. compared to the processability and weather resistance, good surface finish, especially for outdoor goods, in foreign countries, acrylic impact modifiers because environmental protection, excellent performance, weather has been replaced by high-performance CPE impact modifier.

PVC heat stabilizers and compatibility of microcapsules

PVC heat stabilizers toward today's low toxicity, non-toxic and compound trend. Hydrotalcite, calcium zinc stabilizers for its non-toxic and versatile features, the development at home titanium dioxide  and abroad has become a hot spot. However, many PVC heat stabilizers for research work only simple complex synergies, the effect is less toxic type heat stabilizers; complex components for heat stabilizers, although to some extent inhibited the degradation of PVC, but which will inevitably there will be some poor compatibility and PVC material, these substances be mechanical properties of PVC and other properties adversely affected.
Has gradually developed a microencapsulation technology has  tio2 anatase certain advantages, fundamentally improve the PVC heat stabilizer and the compatibility between the materials, at the molecular level to enhance heat stabilizer and the association between the materials, improved PVC thermal stability as well as the mechanical properties of the material will not cause too much impact. Microencapsulation technology application in flame retardants have been studied in more mature, but the  chrome oxide plastic heat stabilizer applied research is still blank. Therefore, the design and use of microencapsulation technology to carry out the PVC heat stabilizers microencapsulation, is a relatively new idea. PVC as wall, hydrotalcite, calcium / zinc heat stabilizer as core materials, the organic phase separation microencapsulation of heat stabilizers. Due to the shell material the same as the plastic substrate, this micro-capsules with PVC, very good compatibility with plastics.

rare earth composite PVC heat stabilizers advantages

Pvc heat stabilizer in the process, a single-component process stabilizer is to meet the demand. The black iron oxide  rare earth stabilizer heat stabilizers to play the maximum effect, and only through, and other compound stabilizers for PVC composite can be achieved. According to processing needs, technical support, the type of product, as well as the ratio of the different conditions, the synthesis of rare skin thermal stabilizer is different.
Currently on the market of rare earth compound stabilizer generally have the following seven advantages:
1, excellent thermal stability. Rare earth stabilizer either dynamic or static thermal stability are superior to the  glyceryl monostearate traditional system and lead salts of barium, cadmium, zinc stabilizer in products to replace or reduce the use of organic tin products. Broad prospects for development of a
2, to promote melting, good processing performance. Rare earth metal salt is added stabilizer may change the rheological properties of materials, and to promote the melting of the organic tin performance close.
3, coupling compatibilization. Rare stabilizer for PVC products, coupling of each component has a unique compatibilization, can improve the impact strength of products, can promote the increase of the amount of the resin filler.
4, plasticized, toughening. Rare earth metal salt stabilizers and stabilizer compared to a plasticizing the resin, toughening effect.
5, excellent transparency. Dilute ten stabilizers either alone or in combination with organic tin product mix, the  chrome oxide optical performance can be organic tin products the same effects when used alone.
6, brightening properties. Rare earth stabilizer used in colored plastic, with a clear and unique brightening functions.
7, the weather resistance. Rare earth stabilizer significantly better anti-aging effects of light on the lead salt stabilizer, organic tin performance equivalent to seven additional stabilizer thin insulating properties and also excellent in safety and hygiene.

pvc heat stabilizer nine conclusions applied research

 This paper describes the application of pvc heat stabilizer nine major conclusions, and how come these nine conclusion it? In a later article, we will gradually introduce. Described here first introduced under direction from pvc heat stabilizer material applied research, experimental and research methods, to give you parse. Put the  carbon black powder following pvc heat stabilizer applied research in nine conclusions introduce to you, for everyone to learn.
(L) the unmodified hydrotalcite was added to the PVC, thermal stability is not good, but through the organic acid-modified hydrotalcite is significantly improved the thermal stability of PVC resin, as dodecyl sulfonate-modified hydrotalcite hydrotalcite compared with the ordinary, thermal stability time of 25 minutes, and after stearate modified hydrotalcite thermal stability time of 45 minutes, the described modified hydrotalcite stearate for improving the thermal stability of PVC play significant role.
(2) non-modified hydrotalcite flow properties of the materials added to some extent, the torque is too large, adding stearate modified hydrotalcite materials can significantly reduce the  minimum torque and the balance torque, when the content of 4 parts, material flow, processing performance is best.
(3) dodecyl sulfonate, stearate modified hydrotalcite hydrotalcite organic acid ions into the interlayer, so that the plastic processing aid hydrotalcite has a large inter-layer space, easy thermal decomposition of PVC into the layers of Cl and organic acid exchange, both to prevent the HCI catalytic decomposition of PVC, is such that the resultant sulfonate and lauryl stearate dispersible and lubrication, the other organic acid adsorbed on the hydrotalcite may be oriented on the surface, so that the water Talc has a charge resistance, to prevent agglomeration of particles of hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite organic acid surface with covalently bound cations, organic hydrophobic chain to the outer end toward the hydrotalcite better dispersed in the PVC, so that greatly increase the absorption capacity of HCI.
(4) stearic acid-modified hydrotalcite and calcium stearate, zinc stearate, p-diketone complex were optimum content of 4, 0. Clever parts, 0.2 parts and 0.2 parts, and stearic acid-modified hydrotalcite compound and a p-diketone with a certain degree of weathering resistance.
(5) by infrared spectroscopy, confirming pentaerythritol and adipic acid as raw materials synthesized by direct esterification product of adipic acid pentaerythritol cool the target.
(6) adipic acid pentaerythritol cool identified the optimum conditions: Xylene sulfonic acid as the catalyst; xylene as water; pentaerythritol: adipic acid = 3.4:1; unitary purpose temperature controlled at about 175 ℃ The reaction time is 1.5 a Zh
(7) The synthesis process using cool products pentaerythritol adipate, pentaerythritol adipate vinegar alone will heat stabilizer added to the PVC, the initial performance is excellent, but long-term stability, good, 2 parts of cool and 1.5 parts The Ca-Zn compound to form a non-toxic, weather organic heat stabilizers for PVC, the soap can inhibit zinc burning phenomenon peculiar to zinc, zinc and calcium have a good synergy, and its thermal stability when IhJ up to 34min.
(8) pentaerythritol cool to join the  zinc borate flow properties of the material have a certain impact, increasing the content of unitary purpose material can significantly reduce the minimum torque, improved materials processing performance when pentaerythritol cool content of 2 parts, the material flow properties, best processing performance.
(9) calcium zinc stabilizer complex brew with pentaerythritol PvC can significantly shorten plasticizing time, improve initial coloration of PVC, inhibiting zinc burning phenomenon, reducing the processing time consuming.