Lubricants plastic widely used in the actual processing of plastic, for example kneading, the rolling process, to prevent adhesion of the polymer cartridge suppressing friction and heat, and the load torque decreases kneading, thereby preventing the polymer
material of the heat deterioration. In the WSD PVC flame retardant extrusion molding, to improve flowability, the polymer material and to improve adhesion
of the barrel and the die, to prevent and reduce retentate. Another film but also to improve the appearance and gloss.
Plastic lubricants can be divided into effect, the two plastic lubricants, intenal lubricant is mainly to improve the frictional
heat the metal surface of the polymer melt and processing equipment. Lubricants plastic outer poor compatibility with the polymer is easy to migrate out from the melt, so the lubrication can be formed in a WSD Processing aid thin layer of plastic and metal melt interface. Plastic lubricant has good compatibility with the polymer, intenal lubricant which serves to reduce the effect of cohesion between
the polymer molecules within the polymer, thereby improving the plastic melt in the heat of friction and melt flowability. Commonly used lubricants are stearic acid and salts thereof outside; plastic lubricant is a low molecular weight polymer. A plastic lubricant with different polymers under different processing conditions or exhibit different lubrication, such as high temperature,
high pressure, the lubricant will be squeezed out of the inside and outside of the lubricant becomes.
PVC plasticizer
2014年4月15日星期二
2014年4月9日星期三
intenal lubricant viscosity is one of the most important parameters of oil
Viscosity of oil is the most important parameter, which determines the sliding bearing oil film bearing capacity, the friction
power and the sealing capability of the sealing surface. Carrying capacity of high-viscosity lubricants large, easy to maintain
liquid lubrication, but its flow resistance, increasing the Plastic impact modifier power and start the compressor friction resistance. Conversely, a low
viscosity lubricating oil flow resistance is small, less heat generated by friction, it is difficult to form oil film seal is poor.
Mixed with the working fluid and the working fluid is mixed well, the free flow of oil in the system, a smooth return to the
compressor, intenal lubricant to ensure the Calcium stearate normal lubrication of the compressor. Instead, the lubricating oil in the system will
produce stratification, flow resistance is increased in the cycle, the heat transfer to weaken, resulting in insufficient oil
return to the compressor, intenal lubricant properties and thus the reliability of the compressor adverse consequences.
When the cloud point under given conditions, the temperature of the lubricating oil falls below a certain value, the oil begins to
precipitate in the wax, into a turbid state, this is Titanium dioxide rutile called the cloud point temperature of the lubricating oil. Oil cloud point
should be less than the minimum refrigerant evaporation temperature, otherwise precipitated paraffin clog the throttle, or weaken
the effect of the evaporator heat. Even clogged's tube evaporator channels. The maximum temperature in the freezing point of a
given condition, the lubricating oil at the start completely lost its flowability of gravity referred to the freezing point. Easy
come, the freezing point should be as low as possible.
power and the sealing capability of the sealing surface. Carrying capacity of high-viscosity lubricants large, easy to maintain
liquid lubrication, but its flow resistance, increasing the Plastic impact modifier power and start the compressor friction resistance. Conversely, a low
viscosity lubricating oil flow resistance is small, less heat generated by friction, it is difficult to form oil film seal is poor.
Mixed with the working fluid and the working fluid is mixed well, the free flow of oil in the system, a smooth return to the
compressor, intenal lubricant to ensure the Calcium stearate normal lubrication of the compressor. Instead, the lubricating oil in the system will
produce stratification, flow resistance is increased in the cycle, the heat transfer to weaken, resulting in insufficient oil
return to the compressor, intenal lubricant properties and thus the reliability of the compressor adverse consequences.
When the cloud point under given conditions, the temperature of the lubricating oil falls below a certain value, the oil begins to
precipitate in the wax, into a turbid state, this is Titanium dioxide rutile called the cloud point temperature of the lubricating oil. Oil cloud point
should be less than the minimum refrigerant evaporation temperature, otherwise precipitated paraffin clog the throttle, or weaken
the effect of the evaporator heat. Even clogged's tube evaporator channels. The maximum temperature in the freezing point of a
given condition, the lubricating oil at the start completely lost its flowability of gravity referred to the freezing point. Easy
come, the freezing point should be as low as possible.
2014年3月11日星期二
PVC lubricant developed rapidly
With the rapid development of industrial technology , foreign to all kinds of hard PVC products as raw materials ( such as tubes, sheets, plates , profiles , etc. ) have been developed rapidly , and these WSD Titanium dioxide rutile different hardware products due to different processing equipment and technology needs , whether it is the lubricant for PVC from the variety and quantity requirements are made more so , this demand will continue to promote the development and production of lubricant products.
Pvc Pvc products in the lubricant as a vital aid, it is compatible with PVC resin is very good , often mixed with resins, reduce WSD stearic acid the melt viscosity of the resin to improve its liquidity. Such as butyl stearate , lead stearate lubricant is often used within pvc. Wherein the lubricant is stearic acid salts as well , and are effective stabilizers, and therefore play an essential role in the production process of pvc products . The plastics industry professionals also said that according to the PVC lubricant compatibility with PVC resin by other additives ( especially by other lubricants ) and change impact of the WSD Chlorinated paraffin phenomenon and the different materials, PVC products must have an appropriate plasticizing degree raised this important guide and external lubrication balance. Pvc internal and external lubricant in the direction of future development , and according to this guidance for the design and production of PVC lubricant inside and outside work . In order to better assist the lubricant pvc products ( especially hard pvc products ) in the production process , thus ensuring a smooth and efficient production .
Pvc Pvc products in the lubricant as a vital aid, it is compatible with PVC resin is very good , often mixed with resins, reduce WSD stearic acid the melt viscosity of the resin to improve its liquidity. Such as butyl stearate , lead stearate lubricant is often used within pvc. Wherein the lubricant is stearic acid salts as well , and are effective stabilizers, and therefore play an essential role in the production process of pvc products . The plastics industry professionals also said that according to the PVC lubricant compatibility with PVC resin by other additives ( especially by other lubricants ) and change impact of the WSD Chlorinated paraffin phenomenon and the different materials, PVC products must have an appropriate plasticizing degree raised this important guide and external lubrication balance. Pvc internal and external lubricant in the direction of future development , and according to this guidance for the design and production of PVC lubricant inside and outside work . In order to better assist the lubricant pvc products ( especially hard pvc products ) in the production process , thus ensuring a smooth and efficient production .
2014年3月6日星期四
Select the general principles of PVC lubricants
As mentioned above, must be reasonable taking into account the liquidity, the rate of anti-sticking and plasticized PVC resin. That is certain to make the external lubrication balanced economy can achieve the purpose of continuous production . Research and practice show that : it is not 100% plasticized best quality products , the highest mechanical WSD Stabilizers for pipe properties [ 8 , 9 ] . Moreover , for a number of reasons, the degree of plasticization of the different products have different requirements. Incomplete plasticizing , not only of good quality , high yield, low energy consumption, and can reduce the amount of heat stabilizers , help reduce costs and increase production. In full consideration of heat stabilizers and other additives for lubricants and other factors affecting the premise , through the adjustment of external lubricant variety and quantity can be regulated plasticizing rate, increased resin flow and improve adhesion. Selection Lubrication System General Experimental Procedure ( a ) standard sample
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
2014年3月3日星期一
Introduce some PVC flame retardant technology
Generated a lot of smoke when burning machine toxic gas , people poisoning, serious cause great harm to the human body . The flammability of plastic products bring to our lives a great security risk, therefore , the development of a class of flame retardant products that WSD PVC flame retardant can be added to plastic products , play a retardant effect is the vast number of plastic products manufacturers and people requirements. Environment and conditions for combustion , flame retardant products are appropriate to develop it. Our analysis is the first element of the combustion heat, oxygen and fuel. Flame through endothermic effect, covering the role of several chain reaction mechanism , the role of non-combustible gases , such as suffocation inhibition play retardant effect.
For certain requirements added flame retardants used , without compromising the physical properties of plastics. With weather resistance , durability , and even lower prices , so as to use a wide range . 1 , so that combustibles charring flame retardant , flame retardant to achieve the effect . This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the WSD Chrolinated polyethylene solid phase , flame retardant materials in this category are mainly phosphorus-based flame retardant ( including organic and inorganic phosphorus- phosphorus-based ) .
2 , flame retardants to form non-volatile diaphragm under fire conditions , isolated from the air to reach retardant purposes. This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the liquid phase. Retardant materials in this category are mainly borates, halides, phosphorus , and antimony oxide -based material , or to reflect each of these types of substances generated between the materials .
3 , the hydroxyl radical decomposition WSD Aluminum hydroxide products retardant chain reaction
Flame should be cut so as to achieve the purpose . This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the gas phase. This type of material is mainly play a role in the gas phase. Such fire-retardant material is mainly halide and antimony trioxide.
For certain requirements added flame retardants used , without compromising the physical properties of plastics. With weather resistance , durability , and even lower prices , so as to use a wide range . 1 , so that combustibles charring flame retardant , flame retardant to achieve the effect . This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the WSD Chrolinated polyethylene solid phase , flame retardant materials in this category are mainly phosphorus-based flame retardant ( including organic and inorganic phosphorus- phosphorus-based ) .
2 , flame retardants to form non-volatile diaphragm under fire conditions , isolated from the air to reach retardant purposes. This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the liquid phase. Retardant materials in this category are mainly borates, halides, phosphorus , and antimony oxide -based material , or to reflect each of these types of substances generated between the materials .
3 , the hydroxyl radical decomposition WSD Aluminum hydroxide products retardant chain reaction
Flame should be cut so as to achieve the purpose . This flame-retardant effect is mainly play a role in the gas phase. This type of material is mainly play a role in the gas phase. Such fire-retardant material is mainly halide and antimony trioxide.
2014年2月21日星期五
Metallic stearate and stearic use production methods
Stearate, stearic acid, the scientific name, also known as stearic acid, white or creamy-white powder or crystalline lumps, which has a cross-section of microstrip shiny fine needle-like crystals; similar WSD Aluminum hydroxide grease micro odorless, tasteless .
The main industrial oils produced by hydrolysis. After the current domestic sources of stearic basically been to import palm oil by catalytic hydrogenation, hydrolysis during high pressure, fatty acids off the light, and then vacuum distillation system.
Mainly for the production of stearic acid salts, for example: calcium stearate, lead stearate, magnesium stearate, iron base.
The company set the development, production, sales WSD Plastic impact modifier and service PVC composite stabilizer, stearic acid salts as a whole, the main products are calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, zinc stearate, potassium stearate, stearic acid lead, ammonium stearate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, cadmium stearate, barium stearate, iron stearate product.
The main industrial oils produced by hydrolysis. After the current domestic sources of stearic basically been to import palm oil by catalytic hydrogenation, hydrolysis during high pressure, fatty acids off the light, and then vacuum distillation system.
Mainly for the production of stearic acid salts, for example: calcium stearate, lead stearate, magnesium stearate, iron base.
The company set the development, production, sales WSD Plastic impact modifier and service PVC composite stabilizer, stearic acid salts as a whole, the main products are calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, zinc stearate, potassium stearate, stearic acid lead, ammonium stearate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, cadmium stearate, barium stearate, iron stearate product.
2014年2月19日星期三
Action of heat stabilizers and PVC flame retardant rubber compound of the conveyor belt
Heat stabilizer is an important class of plastics processing aids , the birth and development of the PVC resin, heat stabilizer synchronization processing is mainly used for PVC resin , heat stabilizer and WSD Chrolinated polyethylene so PVC resin , the ratio of hard and soft PVC products are a close relationship.
Also known as flame retardant agents, flame retardants or flame retardants : flammable polymer flame resistance conferred functional additives ; By Application divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . According to the composition , including adding an WSD chromium oxide inorganic flame retardant , halogen -based flame retardant ( organic bromides and organic chlorides ) , phosphorus-based flame retardants ( red phosphorus, phosphate esters , and halogenated phosphates , etc.) and nitrogen flame retardants .
Thermal stabilizers in PVC conveyor gum base resin is mainly used to improve the thermal stability of PVC resin in the processing and use , to extend the service life of the article . Such additives include tribasic lead sulfate , barium cadmium zinc liquid stabilizer . The flame retardant effect of the polymer material in the ignition of the flame spread rapidly Buzhi Yu , suppressing flames and heat from the WSD stearic acid air. Such as antimony trioxide , zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide and the like. Both formulations have a different action can be selected according to the rubber compound formulation conveyor specific purposes.
Also known as flame retardant agents, flame retardants or flame retardants : flammable polymer flame resistance conferred functional additives ; By Application divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . According to the composition , including adding an WSD chromium oxide inorganic flame retardant , halogen -based flame retardant ( organic bromides and organic chlorides ) , phosphorus-based flame retardants ( red phosphorus, phosphate esters , and halogenated phosphates , etc.) and nitrogen flame retardants .
Thermal stabilizers in PVC conveyor gum base resin is mainly used to improve the thermal stability of PVC resin in the processing and use , to extend the service life of the article . Such additives include tribasic lead sulfate , barium cadmium zinc liquid stabilizer . The flame retardant effect of the polymer material in the ignition of the flame spread rapidly Buzhi Yu , suppressing flames and heat from the WSD stearic acid air. Such as antimony trioxide , zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide and the like. Both formulations have a different action can be selected according to the rubber compound formulation conveyor specific purposes.
2014年2月14日星期五
The main purpose and introduce phosphate dibasic lead
Usually used as a reducing agent and pesticide intermediates. Whitening agent used in the manufacture of nylon , plastic stabilizer , synthetic fibers, dibasic lead phosphate , glyphosate, water treatment WSD Titanium dioxide rutile agent , such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium ATMP manufacturing phosphite , synthetic fibers, plastics and stabilizers organophosphorus pesticide raw materials. Polycarbonate can be used as a stabilizing agent , also used in the manufacture of nylon 1010 antioxidant , but also for the production of highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.
English name : Dibasic lead Phosphite
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O Properties: white or WSD PVC lubricants slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and WSD Aluminum hydroxide resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance. Lead content ( PbO dollars ) % 89.0-91.0 89.0-91.0 88.5-91.5
Phosphorous acid (H3PO3 meter ) % 10.0-12.0 10.0-12.0 9.0-12.0 Heating loss % ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.60 Residue (75μm sieve )% ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.80 Purpose: PVC and PVC / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer composition . Mainly used for opaque hard and soft goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on.
English name : Dibasic lead Phosphite
MF : 2PbO · PbHPO3 · H2O Properties: white or WSD PVC lubricants slightly yellow powder. Sweet poisonous. Density of 6.1 , the refractive index of 2.25 , at about 200 ℃ becomes gray and black , about 450 ℃ turns yellow . And all of the water-insoluble organic solvent , dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid. Has excellent weather resistance properties , thermal stability, electrical insulating properties , and WSD Aluminum hydroxide resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet shielding performance. Lead content ( PbO dollars ) % 89.0-91.0 89.0-91.0 88.5-91.5
Phosphorous acid (H3PO3 meter ) % 10.0-12.0 10.0-12.0 9.0-12.0 Heating loss % ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.60 Residue (75μm sieve )% ≤ 0.30 0.40 0.80 Purpose: PVC and PVC / polyethylene copolymer heat stabilizer composition . Mainly used for opaque hard and soft goods, especially outdoor cables, building panels , corrugated sheet , pipe and so on.
2014年1月19日星期日
Lubricants can be divided into several
Friction portion for lubrication, cooling and sealing machine
materials.
According to sources of mineral lubricant (such as machine oil),
vegetable lubricant (such as castor oil) and animal lubricant (such as
tallow). In addition, synthetic lubricants, such as silicone oils,
fatty acid amide, oleic acid, polyester, synthetic esters, carboxylic
acid. Depending on the properties of WSD PVC lubricants the lubricating oil, oily liquid,
semi-solid grease-like and solid lubricant grease.
Can be divided according to the use of industrial lubricants
(including oil and grease), the body lubricant.
Many types of lubricants, are widely used. Lubricant is also used to
improve flowability and releasability and other plastic processing, to
prevent adhesion of the mold in the machine and fish eyes or other
defects. Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage.
However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery, machinery mainly
to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear, there
are some special requirements with different working environment,
working conditions and proposed. Divided into 1) Automotive Lubricants
2) industrial lubricants including machine oil (high oil), weaving oil,
spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil, gas WSD chromium oxide turbine oil, compressor oil,
refrigeration oil, cylinder oil, bunker oil, gear oil, engine pressure
gear oil, axle oil, instrument oil, vacuum pump oil (
How to choose the right lubricant body
Insufficient vaginal lubrication, it will increase the pain during
sex, some of the older women simply give up sex. "At this point in
relation to moderate use of lubricants, one to improve the sensitivity
of the clitoris; secondly, can not, through excessive drying of vaginal
discomfort.."
For water-soluble and oil-based lubricants market, "in essence no
difference between the two, but the water-soluble relatively easy to
use, easy to clean up afterwards, but also to prevent allergies." Also,
try not to use the additional role WSD Chrolinated polyethylene with sterilization lubricants,
single function products safer to use. "In the hospital to buy the
lubricant is definitely the safest, followed to some large pharmacies,
large supermarkets and regular sex shop to buy."
materials.
According to sources of mineral lubricant (such as machine oil),
vegetable lubricant (such as castor oil) and animal lubricant (such as
tallow). In addition, synthetic lubricants, such as silicone oils,
fatty acid amide, oleic acid, polyester, synthetic esters, carboxylic
acid. Depending on the properties of WSD PVC lubricants the lubricating oil, oily liquid,
semi-solid grease-like and solid lubricant grease.
Can be divided according to the use of industrial lubricants
(including oil and grease), the body lubricant.
Many types of lubricants, are widely used. Lubricant is also used to
improve flowability and releasability and other plastic processing, to
prevent adhesion of the mold in the machine and fish eyes or other
defects. Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage.
However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery, machinery mainly
to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear, there
are some special requirements with different working environment,
working conditions and proposed. Divided into 1) Automotive Lubricants
2) industrial lubricants including machine oil (high oil), weaving oil,
spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil, gas WSD chromium oxide turbine oil, compressor oil,
refrigeration oil, cylinder oil, bunker oil, gear oil, engine pressure
gear oil, axle oil, instrument oil, vacuum pump oil (
How to choose the right lubricant body
Insufficient vaginal lubrication, it will increase the pain during
sex, some of the older women simply give up sex. "At this point in
relation to moderate use of lubricants, one to improve the sensitivity
of the clitoris; secondly, can not, through excessive drying of vaginal
discomfort.."
For water-soluble and oil-based lubricants market, "in essence no
difference between the two, but the water-soluble relatively easy to
use, easy to clean up afterwards, but also to prevent allergies." Also,
try not to use the additional role WSD Chrolinated polyethylene with sterilization lubricants,
single function products safer to use. "In the hospital to buy the
lubricant is definitely the safest, followed to some large pharmacies,
large supermarkets and regular sex shop to buy."
2014年1月5日星期日
PVC heat stabilizers commonly used test methods which
To introduce PVC heat stabilizers of two common test methods. Something called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second test called the roll blackened test method. PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Torque rheometer is an imitation of the actual PVC processing a typical small scale type instrument . The outside of the instrument has a closed processing tank , through a computer connected to the instrument can be controlled by the temperature of the processing tank , and the rotation of the two rollers inside the added mass of material is PVC lubricants generally a torque rheometer 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the instrument models and different. Experimental steps : preparing in advance the type comprising a heat stabilizer masterbatch based masterbatch formulations except PVC lubricant. Torque rheometer temperature set in advance , and when the temperature rose to specify the speed smoothly , it will weigh a good mix added processing tank , quickly closed the recording of various parameters on the computer connected to it , is the flow curve . After processing is complete, you can also get different physical characteristics of the Chrolinated polyethylene extrudate , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. With these parameters, you can determine the appropriate industrial potential heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable should have proper torque and plasticizing time , extrusion molding should be better and whiteness, smooth surface and so on.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackened test
As a method for dynamic determination Stabilizers for pipe based adjuvant effect of a thermal stabilizer , in the absence of double roller dynamic rheometer using a twin roll selected experiments tableting equipment, which together with the high-speed mixed powder , tablet molding, the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until the recording time of the fully black , called blackening time . By comparing the length of time to determine the blackening of different thermal stabilizers for PVC thermal stability effect.
Torque rheometer is an imitation of the actual PVC processing a typical small scale type instrument . The outside of the instrument has a closed processing tank , through a computer connected to the instrument can be controlled by the temperature of the processing tank , and the rotation of the two rollers inside the added mass of material is PVC lubricants generally a torque rheometer 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the instrument models and different. Experimental steps : preparing in advance the type comprising a heat stabilizer masterbatch based masterbatch formulations except PVC lubricant. Torque rheometer temperature set in advance , and when the temperature rose to specify the speed smoothly , it will weigh a good mix added processing tank , quickly closed the recording of various parameters on the computer connected to it , is the flow curve . After processing is complete, you can also get different physical characteristics of the Chrolinated polyethylene extrudate , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. With these parameters, you can determine the appropriate industrial potential heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable should have proper torque and plasticizing time , extrusion molding should be better and whiteness, smooth surface and so on.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackened test
As a method for dynamic determination Stabilizers for pipe based adjuvant effect of a thermal stabilizer , in the absence of double roller dynamic rheometer using a twin roll selected experiments tableting equipment, which together with the high-speed mixed powder , tablet molding, the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until the recording time of the fully black , called blackening time . By comparing the length of time to determine the blackening of different thermal stabilizers for PVC thermal stability effect.
2013年12月3日星期二
types of composite stabilizer
Are generally pale yellow to yellow-brown oily liquid, specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature, good heat resistance, pollution from sulfur, epoxy plasticizers and stabilizing effect can be improved by, blowing it with the activated species with . 2 liquid calcium zinc complexes
Because of the different components, varied in nature, usually pale yellow to yellow clear oily liquid at room plastic flame retardant temperature gravity of 1.0-1.05. It is non-toxic PVC stabilizer, mainly for food packaging films, containers leather foam stabilizers. 3 basic components include: (1) a barium salt - can be alkylphenols Ba 2 - ethylhexanoate and barium laurate (composite powder used), benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid barium neodecanate barium. Accounting for 6-7% of the barium salt of the compound, i.e., the proportion of cadmium is approximately 2:1-32 (metal note, the percentage by weight, hereinafter the same).
(2) cadmium salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, cadmium laurate, cadmium, cadmium oleate, phenyl, and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium naphthenate, cadmium, cadmium neodecanoate. Approximately 3-4% of the cadmium complexes. (3) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, zinc laurate (composite powder used), zinc naphthenate, zinc neodecanoate, and substituted benzoic acid such as zinc. 0.5-1% zinc in the composite.
4) aliphatic phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) and the like. Phosphite approximately 15-20% (by weight) in the composite, as chelating agents.
(5) Other - includes a small amount organic pigments of 2,6 - tert-butyl-p-cresol, bisphenol A, nonyl phenol antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber, and the liquid paraffin, white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil solvent, and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol.
Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer due to the composition of different nature are different. But is typically a pale yellow to yellow clear liquid, specific gravity 0.95 to 1.02 at room temperature, a viscosity less than 100 centipoise at about freezing point -15 ℃. Liquid barium cadmium zinc cadmium and barium liquid similar to have excellent thermal, light stability, initial color small, good transparency and color stability. Stabilizing effect than their solid soaps strong composite, the dosage can be reduced, usually 2-3 parts, dust poisoning does not occur, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in general, good dispersibility, little tendency to precipitate. Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color liquid barium cadmium smaller than some.
4 low lead salt stabilizer price, good thermal stability, has been widely used, but small lead salt powder, and mixing the ingredients, the dust is inhaled it can cause lead poisoning, for which they developed a scientific and technical personnel new types of composite lead salt heat stabilizer. This symbiotic compound additive reaction techniques using three salts, metal salts and soaps in the reaction system to the nascent lubricants and various grain sizes are mixed in order to ensure sufficient heat dispersion stabilizer in the PVC system , and because of the melting of the lubricant particles, but also to avoid the poisoning caused by lead dust. Inclusive of the lead salt stabilizer compound required for processing heat stabilizer component and a lubricant component, the whole package is referred to as a heat stabilizer. It has the following advantages:
(A) the various components of the composite Flame retardant heat stabilizer may be fully mixed in the production process, the resin is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the dispersion.
(2) mixing the formulation and simplify the measurement of frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about.
(3) simplicity of the materials supply and reserve conducive to production and quality management. (4) provide the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
In short, the composite heat stabilizer scale production conducive to the development of lead salt heat stabilizer provides a new direction. An important indicator of lead salt composite stabilizer is the content of lead, lead salt composite stabilizer lead content of current production is generally 20% -60%; usage in the production of PVC plastic window profiles for 3.5-6 parts
Because of the different components, varied in nature, usually pale yellow to yellow clear oily liquid at room plastic flame retardant temperature gravity of 1.0-1.05. It is non-toxic PVC stabilizer, mainly for food packaging films, containers leather foam stabilizers. 3 basic components include: (1) a barium salt - can be alkylphenols Ba 2 - ethylhexanoate and barium laurate (composite powder used), benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid barium neodecanate barium. Accounting for 6-7% of the barium salt of the compound, i.e., the proportion of cadmium is approximately 2:1-32 (metal note, the percentage by weight, hereinafter the same).
(2) cadmium salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, cadmium laurate, cadmium, cadmium oleate, phenyl, and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium naphthenate, cadmium, cadmium neodecanoate. Approximately 3-4% of the cadmium complexes. (3) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, zinc laurate (composite powder used), zinc naphthenate, zinc neodecanoate, and substituted benzoic acid such as zinc. 0.5-1% zinc in the composite.
4) aliphatic phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) and the like. Phosphite approximately 15-20% (by weight) in the composite, as chelating agents.
(5) Other - includes a small amount organic pigments of 2,6 - tert-butyl-p-cresol, bisphenol A, nonyl phenol antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber, and the liquid paraffin, white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil solvent, and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol.
Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer due to the composition of different nature are different. But is typically a pale yellow to yellow clear liquid, specific gravity 0.95 to 1.02 at room temperature, a viscosity less than 100 centipoise at about freezing point -15 ℃. Liquid barium cadmium zinc cadmium and barium liquid similar to have excellent thermal, light stability, initial color small, good transparency and color stability. Stabilizing effect than their solid soaps strong composite, the dosage can be reduced, usually 2-3 parts, dust poisoning does not occur, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in general, good dispersibility, little tendency to precipitate. Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color liquid barium cadmium smaller than some.
4 low lead salt stabilizer price, good thermal stability, has been widely used, but small lead salt powder, and mixing the ingredients, the dust is inhaled it can cause lead poisoning, for which they developed a scientific and technical personnel new types of composite lead salt heat stabilizer. This symbiotic compound additive reaction techniques using three salts, metal salts and soaps in the reaction system to the nascent lubricants and various grain sizes are mixed in order to ensure sufficient heat dispersion stabilizer in the PVC system , and because of the melting of the lubricant particles, but also to avoid the poisoning caused by lead dust. Inclusive of the lead salt stabilizer compound required for processing heat stabilizer component and a lubricant component, the whole package is referred to as a heat stabilizer. It has the following advantages:
(A) the various components of the composite Flame retardant heat stabilizer may be fully mixed in the production process, the resin is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the dispersion.
(2) mixing the formulation and simplify the measurement of frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about.
(3) simplicity of the materials supply and reserve conducive to production and quality management. (4) provide the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
In short, the composite heat stabilizer scale production conducive to the development of lead salt heat stabilizer provides a new direction. An important indicator of lead salt composite stabilizer is the content of lead, lead salt composite stabilizer lead content of current production is generally 20% -60%; usage in the production of PVC plastic window profiles for 3.5-6 parts
2013年11月28日星期四
What are the characteristics of plastic light lubricant
Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
2013年11月10日星期日
Fire hazards flame retardants play a major role
In our lives , often exposed to various substances, including , most contact is plastic , plastic industry, to give our lives has brought great convenience, but also brings some hazards are not chromium oxide small , we all know , plastic products are flammable , many fires and expanded with the plastic products have a great relationship , bring us a lot of fire damage or even disaster , how to reduce or inhibit the occurrence of such disasters that ? Flame retardants, play a very important role.
As a new type of flame retardant materials , also known as fire retardant or fire retardant, to give a flammable polymer flame-retardant functional additives . In daily life and its role is more and more obvious , textile flame retardants, wood flame retardants, halogen-free flame retardants such as product development , we can see a flame retardant for an important role in modern society .
Flame retardant effect is that the flame flammable products added to the products, so that these products epoxidation of soybean oil become flame flammable substances. Among these substances when burned , so the ignition time increased , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Play a role in preventing burning flame in large part for the fire fighting and rescue fire scene , reduce losses , play a significant role.
Flame retardant series products have been in research, development , new flame retardant better performance, non-toxic, more effective to prevent burning phenomenon. So fire away from us .
As a new type of flame retardant materials , also known as fire retardant or fire retardant, to give a flammable polymer flame-retardant functional additives . In daily life and its role is more and more obvious , textile flame retardants, wood flame retardants, halogen-free flame retardants such as product development , we can see a flame retardant for an important role in modern society .
Flame retardant effect is that the flame flammable products added to the products, so that these products epoxidation of soybean oil become flame flammable substances. Among these substances when burned , so the ignition time increased , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Play a role in preventing burning flame in large part for the fire fighting and rescue fire scene , reduce losses , play a significant role.
Flame retardant series products have been in research, development , new flame retardant better performance, non-toxic, more effective to prevent burning phenomenon. So fire away from us .
2013年11月1日星期五
Magnesium hydroxide classification and presentation
Magnesium when heated (340-490 degrees) decomposes to absorb the combustion flame retardant surface heat; while releasing heat stabilizer for panel large amounts of water dilute combustible surface oxygen, decomposition of the active magnesium oxide attached to combustible surfaces to prevent further the burning proceed. Magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in the whole process not only does not produce any harmful substances, and its decomposition products in a fire, while also able to absorb a lot of rubber, plastics and other polymer produced by combustion of harmful gases and smoke, constantly absorbing active magnesium oxide unburned melt residues butyl stearate from the combustion stop soon while eliminating smoke, preventing droplet, is an emerging environmentally friendly inorganic flame retardants.
Flame retardants can be classified according to the chemical composition of organic and inorganic flame retardants two categories. Organic phosphorus flame retardants are divided into two series, and halogen. Since the existence of organic flame retardants toxic decomposition products, smoke and other shortcomings, are gradually being titanium dioxide replaced by inorganic flame retardants.
The main varieties are inorganic flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, in which aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide due to the endothermic decomposition of large and produce H2O can play the role of the absence of air, its decomposition temperature oxide material is therefore two kinds of flame retardants can not only play the role, but also can play a role in filling, it has no corrosive halogen gas and harmful gases, non-volatile, long lasting, non-toxic, smokeless, no drip characteristics.
Flame retardants can be classified according to the chemical composition of organic and inorganic flame retardants two categories. Organic phosphorus flame retardants are divided into two series, and halogen. Since the existence of organic flame retardants toxic decomposition products, smoke and other shortcomings, are gradually being titanium dioxide replaced by inorganic flame retardants.
The main varieties are inorganic flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, in which aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide due to the endothermic decomposition of large and produce H2O can play the role of the absence of air, its decomposition temperature oxide material is therefore two kinds of flame retardants can not only play the role, but also can play a role in filling, it has no corrosive halogen gas and harmful gases, non-volatile, long lasting, non-toxic, smokeless, no drip characteristics.
2013年10月31日星期四
Anatase titanium dioxide synthesis of some of the elaborate
Divided titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide two categories, but their production and synthesis method is not the same? Of course, is not the same, different titanium dioxide has a different production technology and production formula , and now we look anatase titanium dioxide synthesis methods and production processes it.
1 , the use of leaching firing . Containing 95% or more of natural barium oxide and anthracite 3:01 ( mass ) mixed plastic processing aid feed barium sulfate , crushed to a diameter of about 2 cm below the reduction furnace , oven temperature control before 1000 1200 ℃ after the first 500? 600 ℃ , 80 , in turn reducing the speed of the furnace , the reaction conversion rate of 80% ? 90% of the sulfide obtained in the rotating extractor , the temperature control to 65 ℃ above , barium , barium sulfide content is 701 % and further refinement of the cylinder of zinc sulfate was added to clarify the reaction , zinc sulfate content of more than 28 % of the lead stearate control , pH value of 8-9 , and the resulting mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide has a density of 1.296 ? 1.357 g ╱ cc . Frame after pressing , the reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a cake , such as anatase type titanium dioxide , the water content of not more than 45 %, thus changing the crystal was dried calcined calcined anatase titania, and 80 ℃, temperature , using sulfuric acid. Finally wash, enhanced toner, pressure filtration, drying and grinding. 2, the prepared solution , barium sulfide , barite firing . Compressed zinc sulfate solution, the reaction with sulfuric acid and zinc oxide , po PVC stabilizer for wire prepared by the metathesis reaction , to obtain a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate precipitation, and the precipitate was filtered under pressure , calcination, wet milling , drying, crushing , lithopone to be finished. He BAS zinc sulfide barium sulfate →
3, with the right system common titanium dioxide calcined product obtained by beating to , washed successively with sodium silicate , sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum and a surface active agent for surface treatment , and then filtered , washed with water , dried , possibly .
1 , the use of leaching firing . Containing 95% or more of natural barium oxide and anthracite 3:01 ( mass ) mixed plastic processing aid feed barium sulfate , crushed to a diameter of about 2 cm below the reduction furnace , oven temperature control before 1000 1200 ℃ after the first 500? 600 ℃ , 80 , in turn reducing the speed of the furnace , the reaction conversion rate of 80% ? 90% of the sulfide obtained in the rotating extractor , the temperature control to 65 ℃ above , barium , barium sulfide content is 701 % and further refinement of the cylinder of zinc sulfate was added to clarify the reaction , zinc sulfate content of more than 28 % of the lead stearate control , pH value of 8-9 , and the resulting mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide has a density of 1.296 ? 1.357 g ╱ cc . Frame after pressing , the reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a cake , such as anatase type titanium dioxide , the water content of not more than 45 %, thus changing the crystal was dried calcined calcined anatase titania, and 80 ℃, temperature , using sulfuric acid. Finally wash, enhanced toner, pressure filtration, drying and grinding. 2, the prepared solution , barium sulfide , barite firing . Compressed zinc sulfate solution, the reaction with sulfuric acid and zinc oxide , po PVC stabilizer for wire prepared by the metathesis reaction , to obtain a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate precipitation, and the precipitate was filtered under pressure , calcination, wet milling , drying, crushing , lithopone to be finished. He BAS zinc sulfide barium sulfate →
3, with the right system common titanium dioxide calcined product obtained by beating to , washed successively with sodium silicate , sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum and a surface active agent for surface treatment , and then filtered , washed with water , dried , possibly .
2013年9月16日星期一
metal soaps waterproofing agents some of the main classification
Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps waterproofing agent and a metal soap asphalt waterproofing agent II . Water soluble metal soaps agent is stearic acid , potassium hydroxide , ammonia and water , by mixing the heat saponification preparation , mixed in the cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form between the hydrophobic adsorption layer and the formation of insoluble matter , from the heat stabilizer for panel filling tiny pores and clogging effect of the capillary passage . Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap, liquid asphalt , mixing lime and water , formed by drying finely ground , mixed with the cement mortar and concrete , the main plug from the capillary fill tiny pores and passage effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material , a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter . If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution by capillary action will be adsorbed to the surface of concrete and aluminium hydroxide further penetrate into the concrete ; same time , the solution of harmful substances such as chlorine ion , sulfate ion and the like can also be easily transported water into the concrete , reinforced concrete structure to bring serious corrosion damage. At present , domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment [ 2 ] , but using this traditional approach , the penetration depth of the water repellent is very limited , and in some special cases waterproof effect is not very satisfactory . If you can water repellent mortar or concrete as a component incorporated therein , its protection would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four Glycerol monostearate different types , two kinds of different dosage of metal soap , add it to the concrete mixture to compare , test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity and resistance to chloride ion intrusion ability. A test 1.1 Preparation of raw materials and the test specimen water-cement ratio of concrete specimens was 0.5 , with detailed than in Table 1. Raw materials are used in the experiment from Qingdao local , wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of 2.9
Concrete is a porous material , a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter . If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution by capillary action will be adsorbed to the surface of concrete and aluminium hydroxide further penetrate into the concrete ; same time , the solution of harmful substances such as chlorine ion , sulfate ion and the like can also be easily transported water into the concrete , reinforced concrete structure to bring serious corrosion damage. At present , domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment [ 2 ] , but using this traditional approach , the penetration depth of the water repellent is very limited , and in some special cases waterproof effect is not very satisfactory . If you can water repellent mortar or concrete as a component incorporated therein , its protection would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four Glycerol monostearate different types , two kinds of different dosage of metal soap , add it to the concrete mixture to compare , test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity and resistance to chloride ion intrusion ability. A test 1.1 Preparation of raw materials and the test specimen water-cement ratio of concrete specimens was 0.5 , with detailed than in Table 1. Raw materials are used in the experiment from Qingdao local , wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of 2.9
2013年9月4日星期三
PVC heat stabilizers Congo test method
PVC used for the final products of different industries. Different performance, PVC heat stabilizers evaluation and testing will need a different approach. Here to introduce a Congo red paper test method.
According to GB GB2917.1-2002, Congo red test method for testing PVC heat stabilizer, a major test method, the one pack stabilizer experimental apparatus shown in Figure 1.
Using an oil bath pot, built glycerin, will be tested PVC heat stabilizers mixed with the material after being loaded into a small test tube, so that the material becomes a slight concussion and firm, and then placed in an oil bath pot among glycerol oil bath pot set in advance a temperature of approximately 170 ℃, PVC material within the small tube and the Stearate zinc upper surface of the upper surface level of glycerin, small tube top, with a thin tube inserted into the plug, the upper and lower transparent glass, the glass tube Congo red paper hit the bottom of the roll inserted so Congo red paper with the lower edge of the upper edge of the PVC material is located about 2 cm. After the start of the experiment, record the test tube to the test tube from Congo red paper turns blue start time is the thermal stabilization time. The basic theory of this experiment is that when the PVC at a temperature of about 170 ℃ when rapid decomposition, but with the addition of a heat stabilizer, suppresses the decomposition, with time, the heat stabilizer consumption occurs when the consumption is completed , PVC dramatically HCl gas decomposition in magnesium hydroxide this case, the test tube as Congo Red reagent reacts easily with HCl and discoloration, will be immediately apparent, a note of the time determined by the length of time to heat stabilizer the effect of pros and cons.
According to GB GB2917.1-2002, Congo red test method for testing PVC heat stabilizer, a major test method, the one pack stabilizer experimental apparatus shown in Figure 1.
Using an oil bath pot, built glycerin, will be tested PVC heat stabilizers mixed with the material after being loaded into a small test tube, so that the material becomes a slight concussion and firm, and then placed in an oil bath pot among glycerol oil bath pot set in advance a temperature of approximately 170 ℃, PVC material within the small tube and the Stearate zinc upper surface of the upper surface level of glycerin, small tube top, with a thin tube inserted into the plug, the upper and lower transparent glass, the glass tube Congo red paper hit the bottom of the roll inserted so Congo red paper with the lower edge of the upper edge of the PVC material is located about 2 cm. After the start of the experiment, record the test tube to the test tube from Congo red paper turns blue start time is the thermal stabilization time. The basic theory of this experiment is that when the PVC at a temperature of about 170 ℃ when rapid decomposition, but with the addition of a heat stabilizer, suppresses the decomposition, with time, the heat stabilizer consumption occurs when the consumption is completed , PVC dramatically HCl gas decomposition in magnesium hydroxide this case, the test tube as Congo Red reagent reacts easily with HCl and discoloration, will be immediately apparent, a note of the time determined by the length of time to heat stabilizer the effect of pros and cons.
2013年8月25日星期日
PVC with a metal soap stabilizers
Metal soap as a stabilizer, mainly for the stearate aluminum plastics industry, particularly PVC use more. Stabilizer for PVC, mostly for cadmium, barium
, Calcium, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, higher fatty acid salts, particularly salts of stearic acid and lauric acid. They play a hydrogen chloride
Acceptor effect, metallic soap of carboxyl group and a chlorine atom PVC replacement reaction, since the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned. Zinc soaps are
Complementary role with the stearate aluminum best stabilizers, but long-term stability is poor, the price cheaper, non-toxic, can be used in food packaging films.
Common Ownership zinc stearate, zinc laurate, ... PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate (three salt),
Dibasic Lead Stearate (b salt)-based, then add a small amount of lead stearate (hard lead) and calcium stearate (hard calcium), can be a single
Alone, can also be a reasonable match, made of composite lead salt stabilizer. Because the toxicity of lead cause for great concern
, Three salt, two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people, and thus the metal soap-based heat stabilizer (particularly excluding
Lead metal soaps) concern for people, the thermal stability of the metal soap Mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat
Stabilizer in the production aspect is protected by patents, so there is no reported its exact composition and dibutyl phthalate content. Commercially available commercial thermal stability
Setting agent is a mixture of various compounds. Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect. Meanwhile, in processing PVC heat
Stabilizers should carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer.
, Calcium, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, higher fatty acid salts, particularly salts of stearic acid and lauric acid. They play a hydrogen chloride
Acceptor effect, metallic soap of carboxyl group and a chlorine atom PVC replacement reaction, since the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned. Zinc soaps are
Complementary role with the stearate aluminum best stabilizers, but long-term stability is poor, the price cheaper, non-toxic, can be used in food packaging films.
Common Ownership zinc stearate, zinc laurate, ... PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate (three salt),
Dibasic Lead Stearate (b salt)-based, then add a small amount of lead stearate (hard lead) and calcium stearate (hard calcium), can be a single
Alone, can also be a reasonable match, made of composite lead salt stabilizer. Because the toxicity of lead cause for great concern
, Three salt, two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people, and thus the metal soap-based heat stabilizer (particularly excluding
Lead metal soaps) concern for people, the thermal stability of the metal soap Mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat
Stabilizer in the production aspect is protected by patents, so there is no reported its exact composition and dibutyl phthalate content. Commercially available commercial thermal stability
Setting agent is a mixture of various compounds. Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect. Meanwhile, in processing PVC heat
Stabilizers should carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer.
2013年7月26日星期五
Nanometer antimony trioxide
antimony trioxide , also known as Nano Nano White
Nano trioxide - Physical and Chemical Properties
White fine powder, relative density 5.67. Melting point 656 ℃. Boiling point 1550 ℃.
Show yellow when heated, cooled to restore white. An amphoteric antimony oxide . Dissolved in
hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, tartaric acid, sodium, sulfuric acid, concentrated
nitric acid, insoluble in water, ethanol, dilute sulfuric acid.
Non-toxic to the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin irritation. Air maximum
allowable concentration 1mg/m3.
Uses nano trioxide
Used as a flame retardant synergist or combustion can reduce consumption, improve
mechanical properties.
Nano trioxide - Physical and Chemical Properties
White fine powder, relative density 5.67. Melting point 656 ℃. Boiling point 1550 ℃.
Show yellow when heated, cooled to restore white. An amphoteric antimony oxide . Dissolved in
hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, tartaric acid, sodium, sulfuric acid, concentrated
nitric acid, insoluble in water, ethanol, dilute sulfuric acid.
Non-toxic to the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin irritation. Air maximum
allowable concentration 1mg/m3.
Uses nano trioxide
Used as a flame retardant synergist or combustion can reduce consumption, improve
mechanical properties.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)