Pack nuclear tribasic lead sulfate is a low- lead PVC heat stabilizers , due to its creative use of nuclear technology package will be is still widely used, a large proportion of the market in the PVC stabilizer stabilizer tribasic lead sulfate coated surfaces made of fine particles of inert filler novel packet core tribasic lead sulfate , significantly organic pigments reducing the toxic levels of lead and maintain their excellent performance and stability. Which are widely used in the processing of PVC pipes, fittings , profiles , wire and cable , pinch and so on.
In this paper, synthetic bag nuclear tribasic lead sulfate for a more in-depth research , experimental study of the optimal synthesis conditions . Methods are inert or semi- inert material selected as the core , its surface is uniformly coated with a layer of a tribasic lead sulfate thickness. Through the experiment, the reaction involved in the process parameters and reaction conditions ( such as reaction temperature, concentration of lead , covering the amount of water to feed ratio ) were optimized to prepare a Optical brightener low lead content package nuclear tribasic lead sulfate with traditional tribasic lead sulfate were compared with experiments. Experimental results show that : In making the overall performance is not affected all aspects of the premise of reducing the lead content of the experiment , thus reducing costs , reducing environmental pollution , broadening the sources of raw materials , with good economic and social benefits.
PVC plasticizer
2014年3月25日星期二
Thermal stabilizers microcapsules WSD intenal lubricantgood compatibility with PVC
PVC as wall material , hydrotalcite, calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer as core materials, preparation of an efficient, environmentally friendly PVC composite stabilizer microcapsules , and discusses the optimal preparation of the microcapsules . The results showed organic pigments that the microcapsules prepared solid content of 15% , when the stirring speed of 600r/min, the stirring time is 160min, the non-solvent solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol ratio of 5:3 , the amount of emulsifier is 3% Span80 The resulting microcapsules compact structure , particle size distribution 100 ~ 450μm. The heat stabilizer microcapsules with a certain prospect. By following five study concluded . These five areas are: the impact of the solid content of the microcapsules , solvent and non- solvent ratio of the impact of the microcapsules , stirring affect the speed of the microcapsules , stirring time of microcapsules , the microcapsules emulsifier affected. Optical brightener Conclusion : the optimal preparation of the microcapsules may be: a solid content of 15% , stirring speed of 600r/min, the stirring time 160min, the mass ratio of solvent and non- solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol is 5:3 , the amount of emulsifier Span80 3% , ambient temperature and pressure , etc. can be filtered and dried to obtain the particle size distribution of the microcapsules 100 ~ 450μm. This heat stabilizer microcapsules good compatibility with PVC , thermal stability and mechanical properties under further study.
2013年12月30日星期一
Research Status toxic PVC heat stabilizers
Research Status toxic PVC heat stabilizer of PVC is the world's second largest synthetic resin polyethylene production after more than 90,000, however, PVC, there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome, including poor thermal stability was most prominent . PVC due stearic acid to poor thermal stability, softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small, has caused great difficulties to the process, so the process must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently, lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore, low toxicity, no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers.
Thermal stability of PVC resin is Polyethylene wax one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastics, has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials, synthetic mature technology, which is widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics , chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, "the impact of de-hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs, the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are PVC stabilizer for panel three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment;. (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; main factors (3) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure, refers to a branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.
Thermal stability of PVC resin is Polyethylene wax one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastics, has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials, synthetic mature technology, which is widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics , chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, "the impact of de-hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs, the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are PVC stabilizer for panel three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment;. (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; main factors (3) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure, refers to a branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.
2013年12月29日星期日
Plastic heat stabilizer by category
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs , extending the life of composite additives . Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt , fatty acid soaps , organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds . 1 ) Heat stabilizer salt : salt stabilizer is the Stabilizers for pipe combination of the " base " of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids , such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance , weather resistance and electrical insulating properties , low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0 %. ( Source Global polyurethane network ) 2 ) a fatty acid based heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound of a fatty acid composition of roots and metal ions , also called metal soap heat stabilizers , acid groups , and its performance and the kind of metal ions , generally the amount of 0.1% to 3.0%.
3 ) organotin heat stabilizers : class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement . Features such heat stabilizers are high stability , good transparency , heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4 ) Composite type heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin -based compound , wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc , barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and PVC plasticizer barium - cadmium ; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5 ) an organic compound heat stabilizer : Such a heat stabilizer except for a few primary stabilizers may be used alone (mainly nitrogen containing organic compound ) , but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites , phosphites often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material , to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of action of a thermal stabilizer 2PVC
1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its auto- catalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acid metal soaps , organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate . They can react with HCL , HCL off PVC suppression response. 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atom de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as a chlorine atom with an unstable ligand binding molecule PVC polyene structure with an addition reaction , a ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organic tin substitution 3 ) , formed in the destruction of a large conjugated system reduce coloration . Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate , inhibiting discoloration. 4 ) capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to block off the HCL, because Polyethylene wax phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling , not react with O2 forming material , and a heat stabilizing effect . Such a thermal stabilizer , one or both may have several roles .
Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance , or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions : First, replacement lively, unstable substituents ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL ; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow , inhibiting degradation coloring ; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect . Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , very little is used alone , but most of the species in a powder form , some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan , Netherlands and other countries , or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China . Therefore , the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost , no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry .
3 ) organotin heat stabilizers : class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement . Features such heat stabilizers are high stability , good transparency , heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4 ) Composite type heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin -based compound , wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc , barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and PVC plasticizer barium - cadmium ; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5 ) an organic compound heat stabilizer : Such a heat stabilizer except for a few primary stabilizers may be used alone (mainly nitrogen containing organic compound ) , but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites , phosphites often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material , to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of action of a thermal stabilizer 2PVC
1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its auto- catalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acid metal soaps , organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate . They can react with HCL , HCL off PVC suppression response. 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atom de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as a chlorine atom with an unstable ligand binding molecule PVC polyene structure with an addition reaction , a ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organic tin substitution 3 ) , formed in the destruction of a large conjugated system reduce coloration . Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate , inhibiting discoloration. 4 ) capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to block off the HCL, because Polyethylene wax phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling , not react with O2 forming material , and a heat stabilizing effect . Such a thermal stabilizer , one or both may have several roles .
Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance , or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions : First, replacement lively, unstable substituents ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL ; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow , inhibiting degradation coloring ; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect . Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , very little is used alone , but most of the species in a powder form , some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan , Netherlands and other countries , or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China . Therefore , the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost , no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry .
2013年12月18日星期三
By type and mechanism of PVC heat stabilizers brief
Type of plastic heat stabilizer is a kind of heat stabilizers can prevent or reduce the polymer is heated in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking additives to extend the life of the composite material. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
Heat stabilizers salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic acrylic processing and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost, transparent poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. Fatty acid based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with magnesium hydroxide a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% to 3.0 %.
Composite heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based and organic tin compound-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid.
Organic heat stabilizers: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and metal stabilizers often and with agents that can improve weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of pvc heat stabilizers and absorption HCL, inhibit autocatalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts, organic acid metal soaps, organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate. They can react with HCL, HCL off PVC suppression response. PVC substitution labile allylic chlorine in the molecule atom suppression de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as ligand binding molecules and instability occurs PVC chlorine atom, a ligand, a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution. An addition reaction with the polyene structure, the formation of large conjugated system damage and reduce coloration. Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds, and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction, thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate, inhibiting discoloration.
Capturing free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction. As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to titanium dioxide block off the HCL, because phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling, not react with O2 forming material, and a heat stabilizing effect. Such a thermal stabilizer, one or both may have several roles. Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance, or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituents; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow, inhibiting degradation coloring; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect. Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special, very little is used alone, but most of the species in a powder form, some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use, to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer, for example, the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series, the United States, Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries, or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China. Therefore, the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost, no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry.
2013年12月16日星期一
PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative
PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative, zinc-based, non-toxic and organic compounds based heat stabilizer is the main direction of development, but the zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers promote the use of a more realistic and market space. Currently, hot zinc-based high-performance, non-toxic heat stabilizer stable performance of foreign brands have approached or reached the level of conventional Chrolinated polyethylene toxic species, there are many domestic manufacturers are also carried out to promote the development and application of zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers, although the overall performance of domestic products to be improved, but there are a lot of products to achieve industrial application, and has appeared in some of the higher levels of high-performance products. But
, The current ratio of domestic consumption of environmentally friendly heat stabilizer is still small, the main reason lies in the use of toxic products, compared with the cost also significantly higher. Seen in this light, the future development of environmentally friendly heat stabilizers, in addition to further improve the performance, you should also focus on improving value for money. To protect the health and survival of our people, the environment and improve the international competitiveness of China's PVC industry and related industries to the EU in urgent need of peer learning, take practical measures and steps to promote the development and Titanium dioxide rutile application of environmentally friendly process heat stabilizers.
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs, extending the life of composite additives. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. (Source Global polyurethane network)
2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with Metal stearate a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%.
3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4) composite heat stabilizer: PVC compound stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5) a thermal stabilizer compounds: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article.
, The current ratio of domestic consumption of environmentally friendly heat stabilizer is still small, the main reason lies in the use of toxic products, compared with the cost also significantly higher. Seen in this light, the future development of environmentally friendly heat stabilizers, in addition to further improve the performance, you should also focus on improving value for money. To protect the health and survival of our people, the environment and improve the international competitiveness of China's PVC industry and related industries to the EU in urgent need of peer learning, take practical measures and steps to promote the development and Titanium dioxide rutile application of environmentally friendly process heat stabilizers.
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs, extending the life of composite additives. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. (Source Global polyurethane network)
2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with Metal stearate a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%.
3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4) composite heat stabilizer: PVC compound stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5) a thermal stabilizer compounds: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article.
2013年12月9日星期一
PVC external lubricants in providing high-quality PVC products for human
We all know that since industrialization in a long period of time . Most of the use of plastic materials is based on the production of soft PVC products ( such as soft leather, toys, etc. ) based, and the production of soft products rarely require an auxiliary lubricant . Therefore, the titanium dioxide anatase use of the variety and quantity of lubricant inside and outside are very limited. With the continuous development of industrial technology in a variety of raw materials for PVC hard products ( such as tubes, sheets, plates , profiles , etc. ) have been developed rapidly , and these different hardware products due to different processing equipment and technology needs , whether it is for the PVC lubricant from the variety and quantity requirements are made more so , this demand will continue to promote the development and production of the lubricant products. After you add the right amount of lubricant in PVC , can reduce the friction between macromolecules between PVC and PVC particles melt before the melt ; reduce friction between the melt and PVC plastic mechanical contact between surfaces . PVC amount of lubricant can improve melt flow , increase productivity , and to prevent friction and heat caused by the degradation of PVC , PVC products to improve the appearance quality .
With the expansion of the application of PVC products , green ideas for everyone continue to enhance the health of plastics additives , transparency , processability and put forward Zinc stearate strict requirements, which thus contributing to the development and application of the new PVC lubricants . In recent years , PVC lubricants developed rapidly, the proportion of consumption is also on the rise.
PVC external lubricants to provide mankind with high quality PVC products indispensable role . But its product structure adjustment constantly changing , new technology development at a faster rate , an endless stream of new varieties , more sophisticated means of detection , evaluation method is more reasonable. If you do not pay attention Optical brightener to the production of lubricants to the green direction, then the lubricant ring true when bound to be eliminated. Therefore, the proper use of lubricants is critical to the healthy development of the plastics industry . To accomplish this, the production of lubricants businesses should work hard in the restructuring of production . Promote environmentally friendly non-toxic lubricant inside and outside .
With the expansion of the application of PVC products , green ideas for everyone continue to enhance the health of plastics additives , transparency , processability and put forward Zinc stearate strict requirements, which thus contributing to the development and application of the new PVC lubricants . In recent years , PVC lubricants developed rapidly, the proportion of consumption is also on the rise.
PVC external lubricants to provide mankind with high quality PVC products indispensable role . But its product structure adjustment constantly changing , new technology development at a faster rate , an endless stream of new varieties , more sophisticated means of detection , evaluation method is more reasonable. If you do not pay attention Optical brightener to the production of lubricants to the green direction, then the lubricant ring true when bound to be eliminated. Therefore, the proper use of lubricants is critical to the healthy development of the plastics industry . To accomplish this, the production of lubricants businesses should work hard in the restructuring of production . Promote environmentally friendly non-toxic lubricant inside and outside .
2013年11月10日星期日
Flame retardant plastics must be added
Everywhere in our lives, plastic products , plastic products in people's lives , the most widely used of a class of substances. We all know that plastics have flammable properties , life, many of dibasic lead stearate the fire accidents , mostly caused by the combustion of plastic products , in order to protect people's safety and reduce fire hazard , plastic products in the course of processing , be sure to add flame retardants.
Combustion flame has prevented the material properties , the main demand for a flame retardant plastic , delay or prevent the plastic polymer plastics , especially burning. Increase the time it lit , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Flame retardant additive is one of the important plastics processing , it can make plastic with flame retardant , self-extinguishing and smoke , thereby improving the safety performance of plastic products . On production and consumption , the current flame has low molecular polyethylene become second plasticizer plastics additives, flame retardants consumption worldwide has more than 100 million tons. Flame retardant product selection , to comply with the following general requirements. ( 1 ) flame retardant , high efficiency ; ( 2 ) flame retardants with non-toxic , non-irritating odor properties , flame retardant process does not release toxic gases and smoke a lot . ( 3) The flame retardant has a good compatibility with the material can be uniformly dispersed in the plastic products , not carbon black with plastics chemical reaction of the other components , does not affect the color and surface finish of plastic , and will not reduce the plastic the mechanical properties , electrical properties and other performance.
( 4 ) flame retardants in a wide range of different properties , in accordance with the use of different methods can be divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Additive flame retardant used for thermoplastics , is the largest amount of flame retardants , about 90% of total world retardants . The reactive flame retardant is used for thermosetting plastics .
2013年11月7日星期四
The configuration of the flame retardant treatment solution
"Fire escape" Wood retardant and water ratio is generally 1:4-1:6 (weight ratio), the more difficult to recommend the use of wood fire retardant treatment solution higher concentrations.
Fire-retardant treated wood:
General treatment using the vacuum Plastic impact modifier pressure, the vacuum time is usually 30-60 minutes before, most broadleaf forest (such as birch, linden, elm) pressing time is 30-45 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 trillion fear. Red pine infusion time is 2-3 hours at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, impregnation depth 8-10 mm.
Each time after the treatment liquid can be recycled, the concentration of the treatment solution does not change due to the number of treated wood and change. Retardant lumber production process - vacuum pressure impregnation profile:
1 kg in the container into the amount stearate aluminum of water, add wood flame, stirring, dissolving into the wood fire retardant transparent solution;
(2) high-pressure impregnation of wood into the pot, cover lid;
3 is evacuated to 600 ~ 650 mm Hg, for 30 to 60 minutes; 4 retardant tank timber opens the connection of the valve, depend on the vacuum pressure impregnation of wood flame into the tank, filled with a flame retardant impregnation of wood cans vacuum was released, close the PVC shoes stabilizer vacuum valve; 5. slowly pressurized to 1.2 ~ 1.4MPa, and maintained for 2 to 4 hours;
6 Wood Flame absorption: Dry Wood Flame / dry timber = 10 to 15%. Take 4 to 6 in advance with the specifications of timber, label, weighing, the sample dispersion into the dipping tank; immersion period, remove the sample, weighed to calculate the absorption retardant timber. If insufficient absorption retardant timber, extending the immersion time.
Fire-retardant treated wood:
General treatment using the vacuum Plastic impact modifier pressure, the vacuum time is usually 30-60 minutes before, most broadleaf forest (such as birch, linden, elm) pressing time is 30-45 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 trillion fear. Red pine infusion time is 2-3 hours at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, impregnation depth 8-10 mm.
Each time after the treatment liquid can be recycled, the concentration of the treatment solution does not change due to the number of treated wood and change. Retardant lumber production process - vacuum pressure impregnation profile:
1 kg in the container into the amount stearate aluminum of water, add wood flame, stirring, dissolving into the wood fire retardant transparent solution;
(2) high-pressure impregnation of wood into the pot, cover lid;
3 is evacuated to 600 ~ 650 mm Hg, for 30 to 60 minutes; 4 retardant tank timber opens the connection of the valve, depend on the vacuum pressure impregnation of wood flame into the tank, filled with a flame retardant impregnation of wood cans vacuum was released, close the PVC shoes stabilizer vacuum valve; 5. slowly pressurized to 1.2 ~ 1.4MPa, and maintained for 2 to 4 hours;
6 Wood Flame absorption: Dry Wood Flame / dry timber = 10 to 15%. Take 4 to 6 in advance with the specifications of timber, label, weighing, the sample dispersion into the dipping tank; immersion period, remove the sample, weighed to calculate the absorption retardant timber. If insufficient absorption retardant timber, extending the immersion time.
2013年10月23日星期三
Detailed description of the main lubricant
Grease, inorganic and organic grease grease 4 categories.
Solid lubricant
Sports watch two opposite surfaces for reducing friction and wear of the solid powder or a film. Commonly used solid lubricant with stone
Lubricants
Ink, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE, nylon, boron nitride and fluorinated graphite. Solid lubricant mainly used PVC stabilizer for fittings in demanding tough conditions, such as heavy (heavy machinery and metal cold extrusion dies, etc.), high temperature (steel machinery, nuclear reactors such as stents), low speed (Machine Tool, etc.), ultra-high vacuum (spacecraft machinery, etc.), cryogenic (liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen pump, etc.), strong radiation (nuclear reactors, etc.), strong corrosion (chemical equipment, etc.), pollution (thrust spacecraft systems, textile machinery and paper machinery etc.), after the installation staff inconvenience close oxidized PE WAX (nuclear energy machinery and aircraft parts and other seals) and requirements of the environment is very clean (food, medical and pharmaceutical machinery, etc.) and other occasions. General use of the solid lubricant are: ① Overall use, such as nylon or PTFE, plastic gears, bearings and cams; ② in the form of a variety of coating film, such as adhesive film, a conversion coating, plasma sprayed film and sputtering film; ③ a composite material or combination of materials used in the form, such as the metal-matrix Diethylene glycol dibenzoate composites and metal liquid impregnated into the pores of the metal graphite composite material such as graphite; ④ direct use of solid lubricant powder or the powder such as graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder added to the oil, the use of grease.
Solid lubricant
Sports watch two opposite surfaces for reducing friction and wear of the solid powder or a film. Commonly used solid lubricant with stone
Lubricants
Ink, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE, nylon, boron nitride and fluorinated graphite. Solid lubricant mainly used PVC stabilizer for fittings in demanding tough conditions, such as heavy (heavy machinery and metal cold extrusion dies, etc.), high temperature (steel machinery, nuclear reactors such as stents), low speed (Machine Tool, etc.), ultra-high vacuum (spacecraft machinery, etc.), cryogenic (liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen pump, etc.), strong radiation (nuclear reactors, etc.), strong corrosion (chemical equipment, etc.), pollution (thrust spacecraft systems, textile machinery and paper machinery etc.), after the installation staff inconvenience close oxidized PE WAX (nuclear energy machinery and aircraft parts and other seals) and requirements of the environment is very clean (food, medical and pharmaceutical machinery, etc.) and other occasions. General use of the solid lubricant are: ① Overall use, such as nylon or PTFE, plastic gears, bearings and cams; ② in the form of a variety of coating film, such as adhesive film, a conversion coating, plasma sprayed film and sputtering film; ③ a composite material or combination of materials used in the form, such as the metal-matrix Diethylene glycol dibenzoate composites and metal liquid impregnated into the pores of the metal graphite composite material such as graphite; ④ direct use of solid lubricant powder or the powder such as graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder added to the oil, the use of grease.
Use of lubricants in general precautions
Lubricants varieties are more commonly used external lubricants are paraffin wax, stearic acid and its salts; lubricants with relatively low molecular weight PE, PTFE, PP, etc. These low molecular weight aluminium stearate polymer is not only excellent lubricants, but also a good external lubricant. Sometimes, a lubricant effect is often not satisfactory, requires several lubricants used in conjunction with a compound resulting lubricant can play a role in many aspects. Better. The amount of lubricant is generally 0.5% to 1%.
In the selection of lubricant, should follow the following principles:
1, if the mobility of the polymer molding process has been to meet the needs of the major considerations lubricant meets the technical requirements, whether to facilitate stripping, in order to ensure internal and external balance.
2, external lubrication is satisfactory, you should see it in the molding, the plastic surface of the liquid film methyl tin stabilizer can form a complete, therefore, outside the melting point of the lubricant with the molding temperature should be close to, but note there are differences between 10-30 ℃ , so as to form a complete film.
3, the compatibility with the polymer medium size, internal and external lubrication balance, non-blooming, easy to scale.
4, the lubricant is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability, does not decompose during processing, non-volatile, non-corrosive, non-polluting products, there is no toxicity.
In the selection of lubricant, should follow the following principles:
1, if the mobility of the polymer molding process has been to meet the needs of the major considerations lubricant meets the technical requirements, whether to facilitate stripping, in order to ensure internal and external balance.
2, external lubrication is satisfactory, you should see it in the molding, the plastic surface of the liquid film methyl tin stabilizer can form a complete, therefore, outside the melting point of the lubricant with the molding temperature should be close to, but note there are differences between 10-30 ℃ , so as to form a complete film.
3, the compatibility with the polymer medium size, internal and external lubrication balance, non-blooming, easy to scale.
4, the lubricant is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability, does not decompose during processing, non-volatile, non-corrosive, non-polluting products, there is no toxicity.
2013年10月11日星期五
Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations
Stabilizers for PVC and many kinds of different combinations, generally can be classified according to the chemical composition of lead salts, metal soaps (such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium, calcium, lead and zinc soap, etc.), organic tin , epoxy esters and chelating agents (such as phosphorous Type).
Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the magnesium stearate largest amount of a class of stabilizers. In these products, a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and so on. "One package" type products is likely to exist between additive synergies, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect, and eliminates the need for cumbersome to calculate the amount of the aid to facilitate the user's use and storage, but also reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution . Foreign markets products AKGros representative of Interlite series. Lead salt heat stabilizer lower than the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, while the tribasic lead sulphate complex (especially non-toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growing faster than average growth rate, the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide oriented, national attention to the environment due to human survival. Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts in the PVC processing applications, products accelerated restructuring, new products, new formulations developed very active.
The traditional single lead salt powdered, granular single lead salts and crisp like a single lead salt, the latter is to eliminate both powdered lead salts in the production and use of lead salts of dust pollution, improve safety production. But in terms of lead salts of lead oxide content, it is no longer just about 90%, but to develop in the direction of n-butyl stearate low lead content and low toxicity. At present, foreign direct synthesis reaction has ceased production made of tribasic lead sulfate, lead salt on the market stabilizer, dispersing after surface treatment are the good performance of these products or with a mixture of other additives.
As countries PVC processing technology, equipment, and extrusion speeds increase, and global increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the thermal stabilizer more stringent requirements, heat stabilizers general trend is to the non-(low) lead , cadmium, low dust, compound effectively and easily dispersed direction, to environmental protection, the development of special type.
Another focus of development is the set of stability, lubricity, oxidation resistance, UV resistance and flame resistance in one, made of composite stabilizer. Multiple composite "one package" type products become market development
Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the magnesium stearate largest amount of a class of stabilizers. In these products, a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and so on. "One package" type products is likely to exist between additive synergies, thereby enhancing the stabilizing effect, and eliminates the need for cumbersome to calculate the amount of the aid to facilitate the user's use and storage, but also reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution . Foreign markets products AKGros representative of Interlite series. Lead salt heat stabilizer lower than the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, while the tribasic lead sulphate complex (especially non-toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growing faster than average growth rate, the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide oriented, national attention to the environment due to human survival. Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts in the PVC processing applications, products accelerated restructuring, new products, new formulations developed very active.
The traditional single lead salt powdered, granular single lead salts and crisp like a single lead salt, the latter is to eliminate both powdered lead salts in the production and use of lead salts of dust pollution, improve safety production. But in terms of lead salts of lead oxide content, it is no longer just about 90%, but to develop in the direction of n-butyl stearate low lead content and low toxicity. At present, foreign direct synthesis reaction has ceased production made of tribasic lead sulfate, lead salt on the market stabilizer, dispersing after surface treatment are the good performance of these products or with a mixture of other additives.
As countries PVC processing technology, equipment, and extrusion speeds increase, and global increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the thermal stabilizer more stringent requirements, heat stabilizers general trend is to the non-(low) lead , cadmium, low dust, compound effectively and easily dispersed direction, to environmental protection, the development of special type.
Another focus of development is the set of stability, lubricity, oxidation resistance, UV resistance and flame resistance in one, made of composite stabilizer. Multiple composite "one package" type products become market development
Cold extrusion of the metal zinc stearate main description of the processing
Cold extrusion is a precision plastic volumetric forming technology is an important component. Cold extrusion is in the cold state of the metal blank into the mold cavity, the strong pressure and a constant speed under the effect of forcing the metal is extruded from the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant mold cavity, to achieve the desired shape and size, and a certain mechanical extrusion performance.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle, cosmetic aluminum tube, the bullet casing, at present, auto parts, 30% ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process.
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin, silver, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel. Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, and Kovar, etc. can also be cold extrusion, even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation.
Cold extrusion, metal materials produced red iron oxide severe plastic deformation, the unit squeeze a lot of pressure, especially in cold extrusion of steel, the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure, if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface, making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life, determines the success or failure squeeze.
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant (such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.), there are solid (such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate, graphite, etc.), they may be used black iron oxide alone, or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1. Reduce friction between the billet and the mold; 2. Reduce mold wear and improve die life; 3. Improve the quality of products. (1) cold forging lubricant: For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment. The so-called "phosphate" is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal, this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed, can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold. The so-called "saponification" is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant, so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant.
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time, phosphate strict quality requirements, while the phosphate waste pollute the environment, and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process.
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability, extension, adhesion, lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions, successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process (degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried), ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication. And once completed: Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation, surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy, improve surface quality, maximum protection of the mold surface, to extend the life of the mold. A thin lubricant film formed, one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30% to 45%.
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer, even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming, the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface, and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again. Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface, which is characterized more apparent.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle, cosmetic aluminum tube, the bullet casing, at present, auto parts, 30% ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process.
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin, silver, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel. Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, and Kovar, etc. can also be cold extrusion, even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation.
Cold extrusion, metal materials produced red iron oxide severe plastic deformation, the unit squeeze a lot of pressure, especially in cold extrusion of steel, the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure, if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface, making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life, determines the success or failure squeeze.
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant (such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.), there are solid (such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate, graphite, etc.), they may be used black iron oxide alone, or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1. Reduce friction between the billet and the mold; 2. Reduce mold wear and improve die life; 3. Improve the quality of products. (1) cold forging lubricant: For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment. The so-called "phosphate" is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal, this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed, can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold. The so-called "saponification" is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant, so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant.
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time, phosphate strict quality requirements, while the phosphate waste pollute the environment, and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process.
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability, extension, adhesion, lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions, successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process (degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried), ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication. And once completed: Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation, surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy, improve surface quality, maximum protection of the mold surface, to extend the life of the mold. A thin lubricant film formed, one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30% to 45%.
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer, even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming, the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface, and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again. Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface, which is characterized more apparent.
2013年10月10日星期四
Red iron oxide in the development and application of coatings
Our iron oxide red, the economic environment, the raw material used as a pigment, a perfect fit. Next, we take a look to understand that the development of environmentally friendly and red iron oxide in the coating application bar.
Development and red iron oxide in the plastic additive coating in the application:
In the oxygen steel converter process, high temperature steam iron in an oxygen rich conditions, the oxidation condensation aerosols or cohesion quickly oxidized to fine spherical oxide particles (spherical surface with minimal free energy), the time to conversion of α-Fe2O3'll be blown or pulled out of the high temperature zone, the gas phase of Fe3O4 and FeO forms preserved to show its ferromagnetic properties. This process is similar to the formation of the production process of synthetic iron oxide red ferric hydroxide gel is dehydrated crystalline α-Fe2O3, and thereby gives the pigment properties.
BOF dust and sludge produced in the polyethylene oxide process of red iron oxide, is essentially a process of removing impurities to the thick, which is due to formation of dust and mud determined complex environment, the environment in the oxygen steel converter, there must be refractory debris, alkaline flux of dust and splashing droplets of molten steel into the inside of the flue dust mixed with mud and become part of it. Subtle temperature materials often also a steam iron core cohesion, while molten droplets larger than 20 microns can not fully oxidized and become black particles must be removed. Therefore, the processing of dust and mud out of coarse screening, mainly to remove refractory, metallurgical flux debris and small steel particles, hydraulic classification is not fully oxidized primarily to remove tin stabilizer particles or low iron oxides.
BOF dust and sludge production of iron oxide red paint with good performance, small size, easy to disperse, with a stable nature, several Baidu can withstand high temperatures, especially with excellent anti-settling properties, mainly from two aspects: One converter iron red with good magnetic properties, the magnetic domain of the magnetic proximity unit will be arranged in a certain orientation of the magnetic force of the magnetic gel, excluding the caking tendency of sink to the bottom; the other hand, the pigment fine particle size, large specific surface area, surface free energy large, fully wetted by the resin wrapped, suspension excellent, not easy to sink to the bottom, thereby enhancing the stability of the paint.
Development and red iron oxide in the plastic additive coating in the application:
In the oxygen steel converter process, high temperature steam iron in an oxygen rich conditions, the oxidation condensation aerosols or cohesion quickly oxidized to fine spherical oxide particles (spherical surface with minimal free energy), the time to conversion of α-Fe2O3'll be blown or pulled out of the high temperature zone, the gas phase of Fe3O4 and FeO forms preserved to show its ferromagnetic properties. This process is similar to the formation of the production process of synthetic iron oxide red ferric hydroxide gel is dehydrated crystalline α-Fe2O3, and thereby gives the pigment properties.
BOF dust and sludge produced in the polyethylene oxide process of red iron oxide, is essentially a process of removing impurities to the thick, which is due to formation of dust and mud determined complex environment, the environment in the oxygen steel converter, there must be refractory debris, alkaline flux of dust and splashing droplets of molten steel into the inside of the flue dust mixed with mud and become part of it. Subtle temperature materials often also a steam iron core cohesion, while molten droplets larger than 20 microns can not fully oxidized and become black particles must be removed. Therefore, the processing of dust and mud out of coarse screening, mainly to remove refractory, metallurgical flux debris and small steel particles, hydraulic classification is not fully oxidized primarily to remove tin stabilizer particles or low iron oxides.
BOF dust and sludge production of iron oxide red paint with good performance, small size, easy to disperse, with a stable nature, several Baidu can withstand high temperatures, especially with excellent anti-settling properties, mainly from two aspects: One converter iron red with good magnetic properties, the magnetic domain of the magnetic proximity unit will be arranged in a certain orientation of the magnetic force of the magnetic gel, excluding the caking tendency of sink to the bottom; the other hand, the pigment fine particle size, large specific surface area, surface free energy large, fully wetted by the resin wrapped, suspension excellent, not easy to sink to the bottom, thereby enhancing the stability of the paint.
2013年9月29日星期日
Potassium stearate some simple introduction
1 Stearic acid and potassium hydroxide at elevated temperature , and then cooled to obtain the product .
2 10g of stearic acid was dissolved in 100mL 95% ethanol , with 0.5mol / L alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide titration with Impact modifier phenolphthalein as an indicator , titrated to the equivalence point, the precipitated potassium stearate soap pump filtration separation . The crude product can be recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give pure product.
Bulking agent ; blowing agents ; anti-caking agent ; emulsifier ; stabilizer. As emulsifiers , can be used in cakes , maximum usage Pigments is 0.18g/kg. Used as a surfactant and fabric softener .
Potassium stearate, potassium stearate ; potassium stearate white powder , with slight fatty odor . Molecular weight of 322.58 . Soluble in water, alcohol. Slowly soluble in cold water. The litmus and phenolphthalein solution were strongly alkaline , but only to phenolphthalein alcohol solution was slightly alkaline . General merchandise contain a certain proportion of palmitate . Production methods used mainly saponification . With butter, suet and other oils as raw tomatoes with potassium hydroxide solution , saponification reaction, and then salting , separation of glycerol derived. Use of anionic surfactants. Often referred to as potassium soap or soft soap, mainly Optical brightener used for Cream shampoo and cosmetics as emulsifiers and detergents . The emulsion has a high efficiency, but sensitive to hard water , to produce calcium soaps with hard water , the emulsion variant or destruction , is a calcium -sensitive emulsion , so the cosmetics production process should be noted.
Properties: potassium stearate appearance of fine white , fluffy powder , creamy feel , no sand feeling, fatty odor , soluble in hot water or alcohol , the solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis .
Main use: This product is widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical , cosmetics and other industries, mainly for food stabilizers, lubricants , emulsifiers , mold release agents , thickeners , accelerators, cosmetic base materials such as glue additive
Quality index: content greater than 98.0% , acid value :196 -211 , iodine value : less than 4.0% Loss on drying: 4.0% Heavy metal : 10ppm, Arsenic : Less than 3ppm.
2 10g of stearic acid was dissolved in 100mL 95% ethanol , with 0.5mol / L alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide titration with Impact modifier phenolphthalein as an indicator , titrated to the equivalence point, the precipitated potassium stearate soap pump filtration separation . The crude product can be recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give pure product.
Bulking agent ; blowing agents ; anti-caking agent ; emulsifier ; stabilizer. As emulsifiers , can be used in cakes , maximum usage Pigments is 0.18g/kg. Used as a surfactant and fabric softener .
Potassium stearate, potassium stearate ; potassium stearate white powder , with slight fatty odor . Molecular weight of 322.58 . Soluble in water, alcohol. Slowly soluble in cold water. The litmus and phenolphthalein solution were strongly alkaline , but only to phenolphthalein alcohol solution was slightly alkaline . General merchandise contain a certain proportion of palmitate . Production methods used mainly saponification . With butter, suet and other oils as raw tomatoes with potassium hydroxide solution , saponification reaction, and then salting , separation of glycerol derived. Use of anionic surfactants. Often referred to as potassium soap or soft soap, mainly Optical brightener used for Cream shampoo and cosmetics as emulsifiers and detergents . The emulsion has a high efficiency, but sensitive to hard water , to produce calcium soaps with hard water , the emulsion variant or destruction , is a calcium -sensitive emulsion , so the cosmetics production process should be noted.
Properties: potassium stearate appearance of fine white , fluffy powder , creamy feel , no sand feeling, fatty odor , soluble in hot water or alcohol , the solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis .
Main use: This product is widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical , cosmetics and other industries, mainly for food stabilizers, lubricants , emulsifiers , mold release agents , thickeners , accelerators, cosmetic base materials such as glue additive
Quality index: content greater than 98.0% , acid value :196 -211 , iodine value : less than 4.0% Loss on drying: 4.0% Heavy metal : 10ppm, Arsenic : Less than 3ppm.
2013年9月28日星期六
metal soaps introduce some of the main waterproofing agent
Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps (the soluble soap ) waterproofing agent , and asphaltenes II metal soap waterproofing agent . Water soluble metal soaps agent is stearic acid , ammonia , potassium hydroxide ( or soda) and water heating by magnesium
hydroxide flame retardant mixing a saponified preparation waterproofing agent . This product is a paste -like, mixed with the cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter , from the tiny pores and clogging the capillary filling passage effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, lime and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying . Mixed with the PVC
foaming board stabilizer cement mortar and concrete ... a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter . If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution by capillary action will be adsorbed to the surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete ; same time , the solution of harmful substances such as chlorine ion , sulfate ion and the like can also be easily transported water into the concrete , reinforced concrete structure to bring serious corrosion damage [ 1 ] . At present , domestic and foreign has red
iron oxide been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment [ 2 ] , but using this traditional approach , the penetration depth of the water repellent is very limited , and in some special cases waterproof effect is not very satisfactory . If you can water repellent mortar or concrete as a component incorporated therein , its protection would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types , two kinds of different dosage of metal soap , add it to the concrete mixture to compare , test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity and resistance to chloride ion intrusion ability.
concrete surfaces enclosing class waterproofing agent of some description
Concrete surfaces enclosing class waterproofing agent is applied to the concrete surface coated with a layer of a surface layer can penetrate into the pores of the hydrophobic manipulation of waterproof material , such as commonly used in China silicone waterproofing agent, waterproofing agent Impact modifier for
PVC like sodium silicate , and the use of foreign methacrylate monomer waterproof Qi carbazole vinegar and so on. 1 penetrate the surface of the closed water causes and mechanism of concrete seepage mainly due to external pressure , or as a result of which the pores of the concrete surface adsorbed water, or because of the combined effect of both . Pore water is due iron
oxide yellow to the pores on the surface acting on the surface tension of water in the concrete grout generated driving force of the adsorbed water . Concrete interface between water and the contact angle of the meniscus is generally less than 90 degrees, the force to drive water into the pores ( as shown in Figure la ) , which can wet the surface . When using a plastic processing
aid certain way ( brushing, spraying , etc. ) in the surface layer of the concrete surface coating applied waterproofing agent enclosing class , due to water repellent and coagulation Rui Qian Zhu Xi air bundle wrapped in cloth which fluorine anxious when Chongqing a flute into the water " containing ) doors ,, (a) normal coagulation on the surface of the twist 90 ' ) ST 1 contact angle ( wetting of the surface of the concrete filling the pores of the soil and the water repellent composition of the reaction itself, or because of the chemical properties of the pores of the concrete ( micropores , pores , etc. ) and water contact angle is increased to more than 90 degrees ...
2013年9月22日星期日
A wide variety of PVC plasticisers
In the processing of PVC , the plasticizer used in applications with various additives to the largest , so it is much higher than other additives investment , even in some formulations softer material than the main raw material of vinyl chloride resin investments. Therefore, the importance of a plasticizer selected without saying lose.
The choice of plasticizers
PVC is a highly polar polymer , a great intermolecular force , to be heated to a certain temperature in order to show plastic lubricant the plastic . PVC strong intermolecular forces to make products become hard and inflexible and flexibility. The role of a plasticizer PVC to weaken the force between molecules , thereby reducing the softening temperature , reducing the melt viscosity , increase mobility and improve the processing properties of PVC and products of flexibility.
Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester , a few are a low melting solid , they do not generally react with PVC . Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility , low price, high plasticization efficiency , plasticized speed, durability ( low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance ) , environmental stability good ( light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant ) , health is good ( to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non- polluting , tasteless ) , electrical insulation , good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the conditions . In actual use , the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore , to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic , beautiful appearance ; plastic sheeting requirements harmless to crops , light , heat ; wire and cable materials are the main requirements and good electrical insulation . In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should vegetable stearic acid also focus on the selection of the following factors : PVC resin performance ; product performance required ; plasticizer processing adaptability , cost . Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself , compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered . Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency , plasticizers no segregation, no exudation , product flexibility and long service life . In the production practice , plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience antimony flame retardant to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins , and a suitable solvent by mixing , to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film , its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility , fuzzy means poor compatibility . Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No description plasticizer exudation good compatibility , oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse . According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar . Thus , the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer . Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity , dipole moment , and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds . Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC , plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter , dielectric constant of 4-8.
The choice of plasticizers
PVC is a highly polar polymer , a great intermolecular force , to be heated to a certain temperature in order to show plastic lubricant the plastic . PVC strong intermolecular forces to make products become hard and inflexible and flexibility. The role of a plasticizer PVC to weaken the force between molecules , thereby reducing the softening temperature , reducing the melt viscosity , increase mobility and improve the processing properties of PVC and products of flexibility.
Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester , a few are a low melting solid , they do not generally react with PVC . Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility , low price, high plasticization efficiency , plasticized speed, durability ( low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance ) , environmental stability good ( light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant ) , health is good ( to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non- polluting , tasteless ) , electrical insulation , good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the conditions . In actual use , the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore , to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic , beautiful appearance ; plastic sheeting requirements harmless to crops , light , heat ; wire and cable materials are the main requirements and good electrical insulation . In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should vegetable stearic acid also focus on the selection of the following factors : PVC resin performance ; product performance required ; plasticizer processing adaptability , cost . Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself , compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered . Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency , plasticizers no segregation, no exudation , product flexibility and long service life . In the production practice , plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience antimony flame retardant to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins , and a suitable solvent by mixing , to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film , its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility , fuzzy means poor compatibility . Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No description plasticizer exudation good compatibility , oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse . According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar . Thus , the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer . Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity , dipole moment , and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds . Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC , plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter , dielectric constant of 4-8.
2013年9月15日星期日
Plasticizer: green alternative trend
For a long time , plasticizer DOP ( dioctyl phthalate ) and other phthalate products. With these additives in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely, toxicity studies PVC lubricants in it more and more attention . Found that when the blood inlet PVC storage bag body, the products that are found in the lungs with DOP . Although the DOP is carcinogenic to make people still debated, but because of its carcinogenic potential suspects , countries have taken the appropriate restrictive measures. According to the State Environmental Protection Administration of the United States Cancer Institute 's findings , has stopped six kinds of phthalates new products . At present, the domestic production of some of the main plasticizer properties, especially health, low toxicity , it is difficult to meet the environmental requirements. European Union and Russia have plastic toys imported from China , found that the presence of toxic PVC plasticizers .
DOP, DOA ( dioctyl adipate ) is of polyvinyl chloride are widely used in food wrap plasticizer species, particularly DOP been widely used in food packaging products. Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP ( dibutyl phthalate ) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film , used in high fat meat products , or use it to wrap food in the microwave , the plasticizer into the food more opportunities , potentially harmful to human health .
DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard , the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the use . Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts , especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research . However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market , and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion . Due to low prices , the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
Today, the endless stream of new foreign plastic additives , functional and more refined , the domestic high-end products come out , but uncommon , industry-wide technical level about 20 years behind the developed countries . For example , DBP , etc., have been disabled in many countries , our country is still mass ; GB is still listed as the DOP plasticizer for Chrolinated polyethylene food packaging varieties. Instead , citrate , 810 , polyester , trimellitic acid ester , epoxy esters and other non-toxic, durable , better overall performance plasticizers species are developed slowly.
In recent years, the rapid development of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives , but mainly on the volume growth . Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production , product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection , China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development , increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance , and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages , and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot .
To this end , research institutes and Chlorinated paraffin production enterprises should strengthen cooperation to address small scale , fewer species , backward technology, consumption of fixed high and unstable product quality problems , the organization of the Commonwealth to reduce production costs and energy consumption ; strengthen research and development , to achieve comprehensive utilization , and constantly develop new varieties to meet individual needs , focusing on research and development to seize the rare earth plasticizer ; accelerate structural adjustment , highlighting the environmental needs, enhance efficiency, low toxicity product research and development , and constantly improve the performance of plastic products and expand the application areas for China to further and deeper development of the plastics industry to provide strong support.
DOP, DOA ( dioctyl adipate ) is of polyvinyl chloride are widely used in food wrap plasticizer species, particularly DOP been widely used in food packaging products. Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP ( dibutyl phthalate ) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film , used in high fat meat products , or use it to wrap food in the microwave , the plasticizer into the food more opportunities , potentially harmful to human health .
DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard , the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the use . Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts , especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research . However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market , and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion . Due to low prices , the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
Today, the endless stream of new foreign plastic additives , functional and more refined , the domestic high-end products come out , but uncommon , industry-wide technical level about 20 years behind the developed countries . For example , DBP , etc., have been disabled in many countries , our country is still mass ; GB is still listed as the DOP plasticizer for Chrolinated polyethylene food packaging varieties. Instead , citrate , 810 , polyester , trimellitic acid ester , epoxy esters and other non-toxic, durable , better overall performance plasticizers species are developed slowly.
In recent years, the rapid development of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives , but mainly on the volume growth . Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production , product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection , China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development , increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance , and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages , and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot .
To this end , research institutes and Chlorinated paraffin production enterprises should strengthen cooperation to address small scale , fewer species , backward technology, consumption of fixed high and unstable product quality problems , the organization of the Commonwealth to reduce production costs and energy consumption ; strengthen research and development , to achieve comprehensive utilization , and constantly develop new varieties to meet individual needs , focusing on research and development to seize the rare earth plasticizer ; accelerate structural adjustment , highlighting the environmental needs, enhance efficiency, low toxicity product research and development , and constantly improve the performance of plastic products and expand the application areas for China to further and deeper development of the plastics industry to provide strong support.
2013年9月11日星期三
Main features of the plasticizer
The plasticizer is a high boiling point ,
Low volatile substances , the molecular structure portion having a polar and non-polar parts. Plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the polymer chains , weakening intermolecular forces , increasing the distance between the polymer chains and space , to increase Dioctyl phthalate the plastic polymer , polymer processing temperature reduction . Case of PVC plastics . Because PVC child so strong intermolecular forces , the higher the processing temperature , prone to degradation . In PVC plasticizer is added and heated , the plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the molecular chains of PVC ,
PVC plasticizer polar polar part and part of the role , after cooling , the plasticizer molecules remain in the inserted position,
The non- polar part of zinc borate flame retardant the plasticizer to play a role in isolation , weakening PVC intermolecular forces ,
Achieve improved ductility and flexibility of PVC , polyvinyl chloride processing temperature reduction purposes. The polar part of the plasticizer molecules is mainly an ester group , an epoxy group , an ether bond , a cyano group , a chloro group and other polar groups ; non- polar part of the main chain methylene and alkyl chains. Adding plasticizers in polymers called external plasticizer ;
The formation of the polymer , said comonomer added
As an internal plasticizer , such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer , vinyl acetate as chromium oxide the internal plasticizer. Plasticizer :
① reduce melt viscosity ;
② to increase the flexibility of the polymer ;
③ increase the elongation at break of the polymer ;
④ lower polymer molding processing temperature ;
⑤ improve processing characteristics forming polymer ;
⑥ improve the impact properties of polymers ;
⑦ improve low temperature polymer Qu Xing ;
⑧ reduce polymer surface hardness .
Low volatile substances , the molecular structure portion having a polar and non-polar parts. Plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the polymer chains , weakening intermolecular forces , increasing the distance between the polymer chains and space , to increase Dioctyl phthalate the plastic polymer , polymer processing temperature reduction . Case of PVC plastics . Because PVC child so strong intermolecular forces , the higher the processing temperature , prone to degradation . In PVC plasticizer is added and heated , the plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the molecular chains of PVC ,
PVC plasticizer polar polar part and part of the role , after cooling , the plasticizer molecules remain in the inserted position,
The non- polar part of zinc borate flame retardant the plasticizer to play a role in isolation , weakening PVC intermolecular forces ,
Achieve improved ductility and flexibility of PVC , polyvinyl chloride processing temperature reduction purposes. The polar part of the plasticizer molecules is mainly an ester group , an epoxy group , an ether bond , a cyano group , a chloro group and other polar groups ; non- polar part of the main chain methylene and alkyl chains. Adding plasticizers in polymers called external plasticizer ;
The formation of the polymer , said comonomer added
As an internal plasticizer , such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer , vinyl acetate as chromium oxide the internal plasticizer. Plasticizer :
① reduce melt viscosity ;
② to increase the flexibility of the polymer ;
③ increase the elongation at break of the polymer ;
④ lower polymer molding processing temperature ;
⑤ improve processing characteristics forming polymer ;
⑥ improve the impact properties of polymers ;
⑦ improve low temperature polymer Qu Xing ;
⑧ reduce polymer surface hardness .
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