PVC plasticizer
2014年3月25日星期二
Thermal stabilizers microcapsules WSD intenal lubricantgood compatibility with PVC
PVC as wall material , hydrotalcite, calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer as core materials, preparation of an efficient, environmentally friendly PVC composite stabilizer microcapsules , and discusses the optimal preparation of the microcapsules . The results showed organic pigments that the microcapsules prepared solid content of 15% , when the stirring speed of 600r/min, the stirring time is 160min, the non-solvent solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol ratio of 5:3 , the amount of emulsifier is 3% Span80 The resulting microcapsules compact structure , particle size distribution 100 ~ 450μm. The heat stabilizer microcapsules with a certain prospect. By following five study concluded . These five areas are: the impact of the solid content of the microcapsules , solvent and non- solvent ratio of the impact of the microcapsules , stirring affect the speed of the microcapsules , stirring time of microcapsules , the microcapsules emulsifier affected. Optical brightener Conclusion : the optimal preparation of the microcapsules may be: a solid content of 15% , stirring speed of 600r/min, the stirring time 160min, the mass ratio of solvent and non- solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol is 5:3 , the amount of emulsifier Span80 3% , ambient temperature and pressure , etc. can be filtered and dried to obtain the particle size distribution of the microcapsules 100 ~ 450μm. This heat stabilizer microcapsules good compatibility with PVC , thermal stability and mechanical properties under further study.
2014年3月9日星期日
intenal lubricant use some of the rules
(1) Lubrication focus in extrusion, injection and other processing within
the lubrication in rolling processing outside the focus. (2) the use of
copolymer resin, an additional external lubricant than pure PVC resin.
(3) the formulation should note the WSD one pack stabilizer following:
① hard than soft lubricant consumption.
② to pay attention to the inherent slip stabilizers. ③ filler amount is
large, the use of large amounts of lubricants; ④ attention inside and
outside lubrication lubrication balance.
⑤ product performance requirements, such as surface appearance,
mechanical properties and hot.
After the excess amount, due to pressure from the lower extrusion die
leaving the film was blown; (1) the amount WSD Stabilizers for pipe of blow molding too little
lubricant can cause mold and thin-film layer between the adhesive stick,
causing processing difficulties: for example as follows cracking in the
seams. Add appropriate lubricants such as stearic acid monoglyceride is
advantageous, the amount is generally not more than 1% (2) precipitates
easily processed with the formulation should be considered a strong
binding force to the metal lubricant is formed like a lubricant agent
films (such as paraffin). (3) cable with plastic products, electrical
properties and generally require a higher quality stability, generally use
only acid soap as a lubricant. Because stearic acid has a corrosive effect
on metal wire, it is generally not.
(4) a metal soap as a lubricant may be, but WSD Azodicarbonamide not excessive amount of HCl
due to the effect of soaps and free fatty acids can lead to increased
blooming phenomenon. Also note the strong lead stearate lubricant, when
the amount of excess plastic hard plasticizers, calcium stearate at high
temperatures but stick Kun.
the lubrication in rolling processing outside the focus. (2) the use of
copolymer resin, an additional external lubricant than pure PVC resin.
(3) the formulation should note the WSD one pack stabilizer following:
① hard than soft lubricant consumption.
② to pay attention to the inherent slip stabilizers. ③ filler amount is
large, the use of large amounts of lubricants; ④ attention inside and
outside lubrication lubrication balance.
⑤ product performance requirements, such as surface appearance,
mechanical properties and hot.
After the excess amount, due to pressure from the lower extrusion die
leaving the film was blown; (1) the amount WSD Stabilizers for pipe of blow molding too little
lubricant can cause mold and thin-film layer between the adhesive stick,
causing processing difficulties: for example as follows cracking in the
seams. Add appropriate lubricants such as stearic acid monoglyceride is
advantageous, the amount is generally not more than 1% (2) precipitates
easily processed with the formulation should be considered a strong
binding force to the metal lubricant is formed like a lubricant agent
films (such as paraffin). (3) cable with plastic products, electrical
properties and generally require a higher quality stability, generally use
only acid soap as a lubricant. Because stearic acid has a corrosive effect
on metal wire, it is generally not.
(4) a metal soap as a lubricant may be, but WSD Azodicarbonamide not excessive amount of HCl
due to the effect of soaps and free fatty acids can lead to increased
blooming phenomenon. Also note the strong lead stearate lubricant, when
the amount of excess plastic hard plasticizers, calcium stearate at high
temperatures but stick Kun.
2014年3月6日星期四
Select the general principles of PVC lubricants
As mentioned above, must be reasonable taking into account the liquidity, the rate of anti-sticking and plasticized PVC resin. That is certain to make the external lubrication balanced economy can achieve the purpose of continuous production . Research and practice show that : it is not 100% plasticized best quality products , the highest mechanical WSD Stabilizers for pipe properties [ 8 , 9 ] . Moreover , for a number of reasons, the degree of plasticization of the different products have different requirements. Incomplete plasticizing , not only of good quality , high yield, low energy consumption, and can reduce the amount of heat stabilizers , help reduce costs and increase production. In full consideration of heat stabilizers and other additives for lubricants and other factors affecting the premise , through the adjustment of external lubricant variety and quantity can be regulated plasticizing rate, increased resin flow and improve adhesion. Selection Lubrication System General Experimental Procedure ( a ) standard sample
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
With a processing performance , high quality equipment in the same class of the same type of high-speed mixing material products , with a torque rheometer experiment . Test its plasticizing time , when plasticizing plasticizing peak torque and peak width and slope after slope . Then WSD Chrolinated polyethylene the adjustment , external lubricant varieties and quantities to match the standard sample as close as possible . ( 2 ) First, to change the PVC melt flow through the variety and amount of lubricant that is changing the melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) ( 3 ) under basic adjust melt viscosity ( plasticized torque value ) of the premise, through changes in external lubricant varieties and quantity adjustments plasticizing time ( ie plasticizing rate ) . Of course, the number of external lubricant change or change their species, the peak is also affected by the plasticizer . ( 4 ) After the release of liquidity , plasticizing time ( rate ) basically satisfied with the melt, should examine the adequacy of anti- adhesion , anti-sticking , if still insufficient , may be appropriate to scale up the inner and outer lubricant consumption. If the release of already feeling ( non-stick rheometer rotor mixing head ) , indicating that there may be an excess amount of lubricant ( which is balanced by a high level of lubrication ) , may be appropriate to reduce the number of internal and external lubricant in an amount up to up slightly tacky . On the basis of the appropriate number of additional internal and external lubricant is that it is not sticky , it is balanced by a lower level of lubrication is closer to the equilibrium level of practical application of lubrication . Although a high level of lubrication average system can improve the thermal stability of PVC , reducing the amount of heat stabilizers reduce formulation costs , but external lubricant precipitation phenomenon may be more severe , continuous production adversely . Meanwhile , it is possible that the rate of increase in downtime , reduced productivity , increased scrap rates , increasing the production costs and the inconvenience of many operations and may WSD Aluminum hydroxide affect the performance of secondary processing . ( 5 ) enlarge the recipe above experiments were initially identified in the production of amplification tests found any deficiencies , then targeted adjustment system , so repeated several times to design a more satisfactory balance lubrication system, to achieve economic , the purpose of continuous production of quality products . If there is no standard formula , you can ask for the heat stabilizer or lubricant manufacturer reference formulation , pilot production by reference to a formula , to identify problems , and then refer to the recipe to make Brabender rheological experiments , as described above with reference to the rheological test results program improvement, or use cheaper products for the original reference lubricant formulations be replaced. Effects of experimental data on the proportion of actual production volume of material due to the large amount of experimental material produced too poor, laboratory equipment too different from the actual production equipment , experiment materials and large-scale production of materials suffered heat and shear force experience the difference is too big and other reasons, from the experimental data obtained torque rheometer have slight differences are likely to have a serious impact on the large-scale production . Here are the results of the three formulations and circumstances in production for reference formula is # 1 with a parallel twin-screw factory in Shandong normal production tubing mixes measured data . 2 # recipe is a heat stabilizer foreign company recommended formula , allegedly in the United States has been widely used in conical twin screw extruder organotin heat stabilizers pipe, but in parallel twin -screw extruder , only in far lower than the normal speed in order to produce qualified pipe, host a speed slightly improved , that would be too large due to host torque automatic alarm , not the normal production . Analysis of the experimental data above : 1 # 2 # recipe formulation than the plasticizing time short 12s, ie 414 % of the time is short ; although plasticized formulations torque 2 # 1 # recipe only larger than 2%. However, in the actual production for the difference is very large . 3 # # recipe is the author of two formulations based on the improved formulation , plasticizing time 3 # 1 # extend over 20s, to extend the 7% ; plasticizing torque than 1 # 3 # Small 013N · m, smaller 018% . Results 3 # recipe can normally use parallel twin -screw extruder qualified pipe.
2014年3月2日星期日
Some major upgrade of the performance of PVC lubricant
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication is Jianhong lubricant formulations plant the introduction of international advanced technology and processes , using WSD PVC stabilizer imported raw materials and foreign PVC plastic manufacturing process and material properties , polymer developed excellent internal and external lubricant. Overcome the lack of trouble and slip agents processing performance on the traditional monomer . Add this product safe to use, easy to mix , more stable performance , reasonable adjustment formula in the case , has the following remarkable properties: 1 , reducing the coefficient of friction between molecules and promote plasticizing , stable and appropriate to reduce the amount of system products ; has good off film effects , enhance surface finish and scratch resistance ; 2 wide melting range of this product , significantly improved PVC material processing flow freely and not sticky , thus WSD Aluminum hydroxide increase productivity , reduce equipment wear and energy consumption, reduce the rate of non-performing products ; 3 , significantly improved fillers , pigments and other additives in the PVC dispersion resin , may be a corresponding increase in the amount of filler , and to products, color stability, gloss increases ; 4, the product in the processing of PVC both in front of and outside the latter lubrication within the recommended dosage is not blooming , no precipitation , with good WSD PVC flame retardant stability. Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A Scope: nontoxic polymer composite efficient lubrication P-80A is widely used in non-transparent sheet, plate , wire and cable , pipe fittings , profiles and other furniture edge banding class PVC products.
2014年2月9日星期日
What are the characteristics of siliceous plastic lubricant
Product Features: Excellent moisture, waterproof, dustproof, shock-absorbing, blocking, buffering, noise lubrication, sealing and damping properties.
Excellent high temperature performance: a wide temperature operating range applies (-40 ~ 200 ℃), good viscosity-temperature performance, eliminate carbide thermal oxidative stability, low temperature fluidity, temperature, temperature difference at different damping WSD Plastic impact modifier torque results excellent, smooth, Excellent noise performance lubrication. Excellent adhesive properties: a high compression ratio of the oil molecules, very outstanding adhesion properties, the drawing performance is significantly (synthetic polymer materials and metal materials have high adhesion), good shear stability and electrical insulation, ultra Long reciprocating actuator life. Excellent stability: high chemical inertness (acid, alkali reaction is not active), the loss is not easy, not volatile at room temperature, no carbonation, no hardening resistance stable, very excellent mechanical stability, safe and nontoxic. Excellent compatibility: anti-corrosion, anti-rust, and most plastics and rubber, various WSD Chlorinated paraffin media good compatibility. Recommended Applications:
1, between long-term lubrication for plastic / plastic, plastic / metal, metal / rubber low or wide temperature and sliding bearings, suitable for pneumatic valves, valve body and dynamic seals lubricated piston and cylinder seal;
2, automotive transmission gear for extended temperature environments, the number of idle stepper motor, control cables (throttle, brake), fuser film lubrication closed permanently lubricated on the speedometer, printers, copiers fuser assembly;
3, for cold starting when needed to reduce the WSD Stabilizers for pipe starting torque of the workplace, such as long-lasting lubrication electronic clock, cameras, optical instruments, transmitters, refrigerator fan bearings, mobile refrigeration equipment and servo gears.
Excellent high temperature performance: a wide temperature operating range applies (-40 ~ 200 ℃), good viscosity-temperature performance, eliminate carbide thermal oxidative stability, low temperature fluidity, temperature, temperature difference at different damping WSD Plastic impact modifier torque results excellent, smooth, Excellent noise performance lubrication. Excellent adhesive properties: a high compression ratio of the oil molecules, very outstanding adhesion properties, the drawing performance is significantly (synthetic polymer materials and metal materials have high adhesion), good shear stability and electrical insulation, ultra Long reciprocating actuator life. Excellent stability: high chemical inertness (acid, alkali reaction is not active), the loss is not easy, not volatile at room temperature, no carbonation, no hardening resistance stable, very excellent mechanical stability, safe and nontoxic. Excellent compatibility: anti-corrosion, anti-rust, and most plastics and rubber, various WSD Chlorinated paraffin media good compatibility. Recommended Applications:
1, between long-term lubrication for plastic / plastic, plastic / metal, metal / rubber low or wide temperature and sliding bearings, suitable for pneumatic valves, valve body and dynamic seals lubricated piston and cylinder seal;
2, automotive transmission gear for extended temperature environments, the number of idle stepper motor, control cables (throttle, brake), fuser film lubrication closed permanently lubricated on the speedometer, printers, copiers fuser assembly;
3, for cold starting when needed to reduce the WSD Stabilizers for pipe starting torque of the workplace, such as long-lasting lubrication electronic clock, cameras, optical instruments, transmitters, refrigerator fan bearings, mobile refrigeration equipment and servo gears.
2014年1月17日星期五
Paraffin put more put less plasticizer is internal / external lubricant
pvc products , the wax is put more plasticizers, put less is internal / external lubricant ?
Paraffin said here refers to the full name of " wax " or " paraffin " ?
I read some of the recipe data , some WSD Titanium dioxide rutile put more than 20 PHR , put some 0.5 PHR.
2 . Put more than 20 PHR definitely soft products plasticizer use , and that this situation will not have a lubricating effect ? Inside or outside lubrication lubrication ?
3 release 0.5 PHR , is not no use as a plasticizer ? Only as a lubricant ? Inside or outside lubrication lubrication ? And this ratio is only hard copies of articles for the formulation , and not for WSD Plastic impact modifier the soft goods formulations are typical chlorinated plasticizer . Copies may want to add to the dozens . All adds a plasticizer has the role of lubrication . But within five hardware products , or the need to add additional components within the slide . Added to 20 parts plus without actually depends on the slip process , as well as product performance, such as the current size of the host processing .
Paraffin is carbon saturated hydrocarbons , petrochemicals inside out , which is used in pvc play a significant WSD Polyethylene wax role outside the slide , add the amount is generally less than 1 .
The role of the gap between the two played in pvc processing is relatively large . See you write so seriously , I suggest you book early aspects of pvc look , or online to understand their role under the type of pvc accessories . Easy to understand for the recipe .
Paraffin said here refers to the full name of " wax " or " paraffin " ?
I read some of the recipe data , some WSD Titanium dioxide rutile put more than 20 PHR , put some 0.5 PHR.
2 . Put more than 20 PHR definitely soft products plasticizer use , and that this situation will not have a lubricating effect ? Inside or outside lubrication lubrication ?
3 release 0.5 PHR , is not no use as a plasticizer ? Only as a lubricant ? Inside or outside lubrication lubrication ? And this ratio is only hard copies of articles for the formulation , and not for WSD Plastic impact modifier the soft goods formulations are typical chlorinated plasticizer . Copies may want to add to the dozens . All adds a plasticizer has the role of lubrication . But within five hardware products , or the need to add additional components within the slide . Added to 20 parts plus without actually depends on the slip process , as well as product performance, such as the current size of the host processing .
Paraffin is carbon saturated hydrocarbons , petrochemicals inside out , which is used in pvc play a significant WSD Polyethylene wax role outside the slide , add the amount is generally less than 1 .
The role of the gap between the two played in pvc processing is relatively large . See you write so seriously , I suggest you book early aspects of pvc look , or online to understand their role under the type of pvc accessories . Easy to understand for the recipe .
2014年1月14日星期二
Pvc composite stabilizer when using the issues that need attention
Now inside the home when the renovation will always be involved in a variety of coatings, paints, latex, etc., and pvc composite stabilizer is also a large number of these kind of decoration materials. As we all know, this material is a polymer compound used in the process, we need to pay attention to a lot of precautions.
First of all, before we open the WSD PVC lubricants packaging of this material, we must ensure that the air circulation around. Because pvc composite stabilizer is highly volatile characteristics, while some of the material composition if not timely flow will cause some damage to the human body in a small space. This is why after the house renovated, within three months do not advise clients to stay, but you want to come out of vacant houses, ventilation diffuser.
Ensure that the air circulation around after we unpack, they also need to know that this material is a liquid or powder form. Is divided into two kinds of liquid and solid existence Pvc composite stabilizer under normal circumstances. If it is a liquid, we use the process on the need to pay attention to a lot of problems, can not let these material gets on our skin, but can not let our mouth ENT inside the eye gets these WSD PVC flame retardant things. When in use must be primarily own security.
The powdery composite stabilizer, we need to keep dry surroundings, pay attention to the fire. In general, a powdery stabilizer liquid stabilizer avoidance safer convenience. But nevertheless, we are both in use which we still need to pay attention to their own protection. As long as we have a reasonable use of these materials, while WSD Azodicarbonamide avoiding disadvantages, we can bring endless benefits for our building homes.
First of all, before we open the WSD PVC lubricants packaging of this material, we must ensure that the air circulation around. Because pvc composite stabilizer is highly volatile characteristics, while some of the material composition if not timely flow will cause some damage to the human body in a small space. This is why after the house renovated, within three months do not advise clients to stay, but you want to come out of vacant houses, ventilation diffuser.
Ensure that the air circulation around after we unpack, they also need to know that this material is a liquid or powder form. Is divided into two kinds of liquid and solid existence Pvc composite stabilizer under normal circumstances. If it is a liquid, we use the process on the need to pay attention to a lot of problems, can not let these material gets on our skin, but can not let our mouth ENT inside the eye gets these WSD PVC flame retardant things. When in use must be primarily own security.
The powdery composite stabilizer, we need to keep dry surroundings, pay attention to the fire. In general, a powdery stabilizer liquid stabilizer avoidance safer convenience. But nevertheless, we are both in use which we still need to pay attention to their own protection. As long as we have a reasonable use of these materials, while WSD Azodicarbonamide avoiding disadvantages, we can bring endless benefits for our building homes.
2013年12月30日星期一
Research Status toxic PVC heat stabilizers
Research Status toxic PVC heat stabilizer of PVC is the world's second largest synthetic resin polyethylene production after more than 90,000, however, PVC, there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome, including poor thermal stability was most prominent . PVC due stearic acid to poor thermal stability, softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small, has caused great difficulties to the process, so the process must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently, lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore, low toxicity, no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers.
Thermal stability of PVC resin is Polyethylene wax one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastics, has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials, synthetic mature technology, which is widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics , chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, "the impact of de-hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs, the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are PVC stabilizer for panel three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment;. (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; main factors (3) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure, refers to a branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.
Thermal stability of PVC resin is Polyethylene wax one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastics, has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials, synthetic mature technology, which is widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics , chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, "the impact of de-hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs, the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are PVC stabilizer for panel three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment;. (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; main factors (3) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure, refers to a branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.
2013年12月25日星期三
Three factors affect PVC PVC heat stabilizers transparency
PVC heat stabilizers to some extent will affect the transparency of PVC. PVC heat stabilizers are also not missing PVC additives, no PVC PVC heat stabilizers so will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly biochemical studies of PVC heat stabilizers. The following three factors will affect the transparency of PVC PVC heat stabilizers, and we do a discussion.
1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 and a refractive index of visible light or near the same, the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length of less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refraction less transparency higher, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", i.e., the compatibility of
Compatibility is two or more Chrolinated polyethylene substances refers to the affinity of each when mixed. Compatibility is good that it is possible to achieve molecular level dispersion. A thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, which is not obvious interface or interface, refraction less, more transparent PVC products. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soaps in PVC compatibility, the length of the linear molecule and smaller, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC. Free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is polymerized random, in addition to its first stable - tail structure, and the first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl -; vinyl Results generated with coupling disproportionation CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2-, and allyl chloride structure-CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and the like.
Generating allyl chloride, chlorine and PVC flame retardant tertiary carbon double bond in the synthesis of PVC is its molecular chain structure is unstable factors of instability order: PVC internal molecular chain allyl chloride> tertiary carbon chloro> allyl end groups chloride> Chung chlorine. It is easily degraded because of instability in the structure of PVC molecular chains exist, if not for stabilization when modified PVC processing, the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃, but that the PVC resin processing into useful products, molding Acrylic impact modifier temperature to at 190 ℃ or more. Thus, heat stabilizers must be added to improve its structure is stabilized.
So pvc needs to be added during the synthesis PVC heat stabilizers.
1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 and a refractive index of visible light or near the same, the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length of less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refraction less transparency higher, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", i.e., the compatibility of
Compatibility is two or more Chrolinated polyethylene substances refers to the affinity of each when mixed. Compatibility is good that it is possible to achieve molecular level dispersion. A thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, which is not obvious interface or interface, refraction less, more transparent PVC products. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soaps in PVC compatibility, the length of the linear molecule and smaller, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC. Free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is polymerized random, in addition to its first stable - tail structure, and the first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl -; vinyl Results generated with coupling disproportionation CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2-, and allyl chloride structure-CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and the like.
Generating allyl chloride, chlorine and PVC flame retardant tertiary carbon double bond in the synthesis of PVC is its molecular chain structure is unstable factors of instability order: PVC internal molecular chain allyl chloride> tertiary carbon chloro> allyl end groups chloride> Chung chlorine. It is easily degraded because of instability in the structure of PVC molecular chains exist, if not for stabilization when modified PVC processing, the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃, but that the PVC resin processing into useful products, molding Acrylic impact modifier temperature to at 190 ℃ or more. Thus, heat stabilizers must be added to improve its structure is stabilized.
So pvc needs to be added during the synthesis PVC heat stabilizers.
2013年12月8日星期日
pvc internal and external lubricant selection principles to develop new direction
pvc internal and external lubricant selection principles
(1) pvc external lubricants generally lower than the melting point of the molding processing temperature 50-60 ℃.
( 2 ) to be reasonable taking into account liquidity, the rate of release of plastics and plasticizers . To balance the internal and external lubricants .
Early ( 3 ) to maintain the system, metaphase, anaphase lubrication integrity.
( 4 ) do not adversely affect the secondary processing ( heat sealing , laminating , printing, etc. ) .
( 5 ) the lubricant in the resin PVC stabilizer for fittings dispersion, the dispersant is added when necessary. ( 6 ) to pay attention to the interaction with other additives ( plasticizers , heat stabilizers , antioxidants , fillers , impact , etc. ) is .
pvc internal and external lubricant previously mainly used for PVC in recent years, the rapid growth in the amount of polyolefins and engineering plastics , the required amount is close to the amount of PVC . Currently , in use , many plastics factory has its own proprietary formula. Recently , the application of polymer blends alloys are widely used, the demand for these products will have great growth. And homopolymer, copolymer compared to the lubricant composition and formulations vary , according to the special requirements of users in research and development , which is a new direction for the development of pvc internal and external lubricant . Production profiles, sheet extrusion , injection molding products , hollow products , blow film are highly transparent products have a high degree of plasticizing , high Aluminum hydroxide liquidity , and therefore require a higher plasticizing rate, so the pvc to more lubricants ; pipe and for the purpose of producing , in its plasticization is preferably 60% to 70% [ 8 , 9 ] , which requires a low rate of some plasticizer , the lubricant should be relatively little outside ; for calendering process , in order to melt the PVC calender rolls easily peeled , external lubricant should be a little more ; while the injection molding process will have as little as possible with external lubricant for external lubrication to minimize the impact of falling weld line strength .
PVC external lubrication balanced Titanium dioxide rutile diversity in fact different types of processing equipment, such as extrusion ( divided into single and twin screw ) , injection molding, calendaring , require different lubrication balance. Strictly speaking, the same equipment , products of different manufacturers , and even the same device with the new balance of old have different lubrication requirements . Different types of products , such as pipes, films, sheets and profiles , and have different lubrication balance.
(1) pvc external lubricants generally lower than the melting point of the molding processing temperature 50-60 ℃.
( 2 ) to be reasonable taking into account liquidity, the rate of release of plastics and plasticizers . To balance the internal and external lubricants .
Early ( 3 ) to maintain the system, metaphase, anaphase lubrication integrity.
( 4 ) do not adversely affect the secondary processing ( heat sealing , laminating , printing, etc. ) .
( 5 ) the lubricant in the resin PVC stabilizer for fittings dispersion, the dispersant is added when necessary. ( 6 ) to pay attention to the interaction with other additives ( plasticizers , heat stabilizers , antioxidants , fillers , impact , etc. ) is .
pvc internal and external lubricant previously mainly used for PVC in recent years, the rapid growth in the amount of polyolefins and engineering plastics , the required amount is close to the amount of PVC . Currently , in use , many plastics factory has its own proprietary formula. Recently , the application of polymer blends alloys are widely used, the demand for these products will have great growth. And homopolymer, copolymer compared to the lubricant composition and formulations vary , according to the special requirements of users in research and development , which is a new direction for the development of pvc internal and external lubricant . Production profiles, sheet extrusion , injection molding products , hollow products , blow film are highly transparent products have a high degree of plasticizing , high Aluminum hydroxide liquidity , and therefore require a higher plasticizing rate, so the pvc to more lubricants ; pipe and for the purpose of producing , in its plasticization is preferably 60% to 70% [ 8 , 9 ] , which requires a low rate of some plasticizer , the lubricant should be relatively little outside ; for calendering process , in order to melt the PVC calender rolls easily peeled , external lubricant should be a little more ; while the injection molding process will have as little as possible with external lubricant for external lubrication to minimize the impact of falling weld line strength .
PVC external lubrication balanced Titanium dioxide rutile diversity in fact different types of processing equipment, such as extrusion ( divided into single and twin screw ) , injection molding, calendaring , require different lubrication balance. Strictly speaking, the same equipment , products of different manufacturers , and even the same device with the new balance of old have different lubrication requirements . Different types of products , such as pipes, films, sheets and profiles , and have different lubrication balance.
2013年10月30日星期三
Plasticizer: green alternative trend of some use
For a long time, plasticizer DOP (dioctyl phthalate) and other phthalate products. With these additives in the food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely, toxicity studies in it more and more attention. Found that when the blood inlet PVC storage bag body, the products that are found in the lungs with DOP. Although the DOP is carcinogenic to make people still debated, but because of its carcinogenic potential suspects, countries have taken the appropriate restrictive stearate lead measures. At present, the domestic production of some of the main plasticizer properties, especially health, low toxicity, it is difficult to meet the environmental requirements.
Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film, used in high fat meat products, or use it to wrap food in the microwave, the plasticizer into the food more opportunities, potentially harmful to human health. DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard, the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the dibasic lead stearate use. Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts, especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research. However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market, and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion. Due to low prices, the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
In recent years, the rapid development PVC heat stabilizer for window of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives, but mainly on the volume growth. Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production, product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection, China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development, increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance, and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages, and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot.
Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film, used in high fat meat products, or use it to wrap food in the microwave, the plasticizer into the food more opportunities, potentially harmful to human health. DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard, the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the dibasic lead stearate use. Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts, especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research. However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market, and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion. Due to low prices, the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
In recent years, the rapid development PVC heat stabilizer for window of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives, but mainly on the volume growth. Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production, product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection, China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development, increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance, and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages, and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot.
2013年10月25日星期五
PVC plastic formulations detailed process stabilizer
PVC processed at high temperatures, can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure. Meanwhile, HCL has a self-catalysis, will make further degraded PVC. In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and cadmium ions, will catalyze the degradation of PVC, accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration, deformation, cracking, mechanical plastic processing aid strength, electrical insulation performance, brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems, the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition, to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin. Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in. Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability, excellent electrical properties, low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number, one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced. Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong, pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients. However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium-based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers. Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting. Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use. Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education, a large amount of calcium-based stabilizers when transparency is poor, easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a iron oxide red better variety of transparent products, especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy-type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat, the drawback is easy to bleed. As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can. In recent years, there is also a rare earth-based stabilizers, and hydrotalcite-based stabilizer, a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability, and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic. (Two) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat, ultraviolet light oxidation, which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related. Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger. Its main role is to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound, the chain reaction terminated, PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent, PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso-octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors, because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation, PVC molecules into the excited state, or a chemical bond is destroyed, causing white blowing agent radical chain reaction, and to promote the aging degradation of PVC. In order to improve UV resistance, often by adding an ultraviolet absorber. PVC commonly used are triazine UV absorber -5, UV-9, UV-326, TBS, BAD, OBS. Triazine-5 best, but the film slightly yellow, yellow, phthalocyanine blue, adding a small amount can be improved. PVC plastic sheeting commonly used in UV-9, the general amount of 0.2 to 0.5 parts. Is salicylic acid TBS, BAD AND OBS mild action, used in conjunction with antioxidants, you will get a good anti-aging effect. For non-transparent products, usually by adding shading rutile titanium dioxide to improve weather resistance, then if we add UV absorbers, you need a large amount, is not very cost-effective. (D) a chelating agent in PVC plastic stabilizing system, often adding secondary phosphite antioxidant is not only, but also play the role of a chelating agent. It prompted PVC with HCL off harmful metal ions to form metal contact and material. Phosphite are used triphenyl phosphite, phenyl phosphite, diisopropyl phosphite, diphenyl octyl acrylate and octyl. In PVC plastic sheeting, in general, the amount of 0.5 to 1, when used alone initially easy to color, thermal stability is not good, generally associated with metal soaps and use...
2013年10月24日星期四
Introduction of oil deodorant bleaching agent aluminum sulfate Properties and Uses
Earlier we talked about the major role of aluminum sulfate in paper sizing and sewage coagulation , it is also said that it is in the application of mineral flotation . Today, that is PVC processing aid to say it as oil deodorant DECOLOURIZATION . Here they use their no iron or low iron products.
Oil deodorant bleaching agent without iron sulfate white crystals soluble in water , insoluble in alcohol , acidic aqueous solution , dehydration temperature is 86.5 ℃, heated to 250 ℃ lose crystal water , anhydrous aluminum sulfate is heated to 300 ℃ begin to decompose . Anhydrous white crystals having a pearl luster .
Deodorant use bleaching agent aluminum sulfate
It is mainly used for paper sizing agent and drinking water , industrial water and wastewater treatment flocculant , or the production of artificial gems and other aluminum salts , such as ammonium alum, potassium alum, aluminum sulfate refining raw materials. Further , aluminum sulfate is also widely used in high- clarifier , oil deodorant fluorescent brightener bleaching agents, concrete waterproofing agent , fine paper forging white , titanium dioxide film after the production process and catalyst carrier .
Aluminum sulfate can be used as oil deodorant bleaching agents, however, with the long-long science and technology special bleaching agent compared to effects and high chroma for dye decolorization treatment and paint, ink, paper and other industrial wastewater treatment are relatively poor.
Oil deodorant bleaching agent without iron sulfate white crystals soluble in water , insoluble in alcohol , acidic aqueous solution , dehydration temperature is 86.5 ℃, heated to 250 ℃ lose crystal water , anhydrous aluminum sulfate is heated to 300 ℃ begin to decompose . Anhydrous white crystals having a pearl luster .
Deodorant use bleaching agent aluminum sulfate
It is mainly used for paper sizing agent and drinking water , industrial water and wastewater treatment flocculant , or the production of artificial gems and other aluminum salts , such as ammonium alum, potassium alum, aluminum sulfate refining raw materials. Further , aluminum sulfate is also widely used in high- clarifier , oil deodorant fluorescent brightener bleaching agents, concrete waterproofing agent , fine paper forging white , titanium dioxide film after the production process and catalyst carrier .
Aluminum sulfate can be used as oil deodorant bleaching agents, however, with the long-long science and technology special bleaching agent compared to effects and high chroma for dye decolorization treatment and paint, ink, paper and other industrial wastewater treatment are relatively poor.
2013年10月9日星期三
aluminum sulfate removal of heavy metal fluoride contamination
Wastewater containing fluoride and heavy metal pollution of water pollution in the two pollution hazards for humans and the environment can not be overlooked . The aluminum sulfate is such a common coagulant can remove heavy metals in sewage and fluorine pollution.
Aluminum sulfate application magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in heavy metal wastewater aluminum sulfate is actually a heavy metal chelating agent to polymer processing technology of heavy metals and inorganic fluorine reagent processing technology combined with an extremely simple approach . And symbiotic aluminum sulfate precipitation method using the principle, containing arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals and heavy metal zinc borate flame retardant waste generated by adjusting the pH precipitation method symbiosis removed.
The fluorine-containing aluminum sulfate aluminum sulfate treatment method applied fluoride concentration on high or larger flow of wastewater, if the individual dosing calcium fluoride , precipitation is very slow , and the flocculant alone will increase the cost of processing , so commonly used is first using chemical precipitation, aluminum sulfate and then adsorbent or coagulant treatment, so fluorine content down to 10 mg / L or less. Chemical precipitation method is relatively simple, easy to handle , low cost effective, mainly for treatment of high concentration fluoride wastewater . Coagulation law generally applies only to lower fluoride wastewater treatment . Adsorption method is mainly applied to a small quantity of process water .
Heavy metals in wastewater treatment technology and red iron oxide precipitation, soda sulphide , iron salt method , chelate resin method , etc. are the most frequently used and aluminum sulfate precipitation method . Currently both aluminum sulfate and heavy metal fluoride removal from wastewater and examples of new technologies , but are rare. The use of polymer heavy metal chelating agent / inorganic reagents while removing heavy metals from wastewater and fluorine. Aluminum sulfate as a chemical coagulant , may be used for the treatment of waste water containing fluorine is low , the adsorption of heavy metal pollution of subsidence . The large amount of fluoride wastewater treatment , you can use aluminum sulfate plus lime, or together constitute polyacrylamide coagulant chemical adsorption precipitation treatment method for processing.
Aluminum sulfate application magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in heavy metal wastewater aluminum sulfate is actually a heavy metal chelating agent to polymer processing technology of heavy metals and inorganic fluorine reagent processing technology combined with an extremely simple approach . And symbiotic aluminum sulfate precipitation method using the principle, containing arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals and heavy metal zinc borate flame retardant waste generated by adjusting the pH precipitation method symbiosis removed.
The fluorine-containing aluminum sulfate aluminum sulfate treatment method applied fluoride concentration on high or larger flow of wastewater, if the individual dosing calcium fluoride , precipitation is very slow , and the flocculant alone will increase the cost of processing , so commonly used is first using chemical precipitation, aluminum sulfate and then adsorbent or coagulant treatment, so fluorine content down to 10 mg / L or less. Chemical precipitation method is relatively simple, easy to handle , low cost effective, mainly for treatment of high concentration fluoride wastewater . Coagulation law generally applies only to lower fluoride wastewater treatment . Adsorption method is mainly applied to a small quantity of process water .
Heavy metals in wastewater treatment technology and red iron oxide precipitation, soda sulphide , iron salt method , chelate resin method , etc. are the most frequently used and aluminum sulfate precipitation method . Currently both aluminum sulfate and heavy metal fluoride removal from wastewater and examples of new technologies , but are rare. The use of polymer heavy metal chelating agent / inorganic reagents while removing heavy metals from wastewater and fluorine. Aluminum sulfate as a chemical coagulant , may be used for the treatment of waste water containing fluorine is low , the adsorption of heavy metal pollution of subsidence . The large amount of fluoride wastewater treatment , you can use aluminum sulfate plus lime, or together constitute polyacrylamide coagulant chemical adsorption precipitation treatment method for processing.
How to detect the purity aluminum potassium sulfate and its components
Potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate is a product of the same is acidic chemicals , have adsorption sedimentation, coagulation and sedimentation in water treatment agent. Then for measuring it , is dibasic lead phosphite not it the same?
Potassium aluminum sulfate Detection
For the detection of the purity aluminum potassium sulfate is usually generated using barium chloride , barium sulphate precipitation. Testing the purity of aluminum potassium sulfate , he first dissolved in water, if barium chloride , in that the resulting precipitate sulfate not only impurities ( not complete reaction of aluminum sulfate or potassium sulfate ) , aluminum potassium sulfate is also out of the ionization ah. Then a semi-permeable membrane filtration filter can be removed alum gel . Using the PVC heat stabilizer for window mass of barium sulfate ( precipitated barium sulfate ) to obtain the sulfate ion amount of material , in turn, can calculate the mass of potassium aluminum sulfate , aluminum sulfate can calculate the mass fraction of potassium
How to detect the composition of aluminum potassium sulfate
In the laboratory, how should we determine potassium alum ionic components it contains ? 1 , test sulfate : with BaCl2 solution , a white precipitate , adding HNO3 insoluble. 2 , inspection Al3 +: addition of NaOH produce amorphous white flocculent precipitate is dissolved in excess , leads to CO2 reappeared . 3 , test K +: Add sodium tetraphenylborate , a precipitate is proved K +. Add NaClO4 also produced a white precipitate. Or flame reaction can epoxidation of soybean oil also be used , boron beads experiments are also available.
For potassium aluminum sulfate component detection methods , the same applies to the aluminum sulfate and ammonium alum water for testing. This is because they have adsorption, can produce gel deposition , and chemical raw materials with similar properties . However, the choice of the detection agent will be somewhat different.
Potassium aluminum sulfate Detection
For the detection of the purity aluminum potassium sulfate is usually generated using barium chloride , barium sulphate precipitation. Testing the purity of aluminum potassium sulfate , he first dissolved in water, if barium chloride , in that the resulting precipitate sulfate not only impurities ( not complete reaction of aluminum sulfate or potassium sulfate ) , aluminum potassium sulfate is also out of the ionization ah. Then a semi-permeable membrane filtration filter can be removed alum gel . Using the PVC heat stabilizer for window mass of barium sulfate ( precipitated barium sulfate ) to obtain the sulfate ion amount of material , in turn, can calculate the mass of potassium aluminum sulfate , aluminum sulfate can calculate the mass fraction of potassium
How to detect the composition of aluminum potassium sulfate
In the laboratory, how should we determine potassium alum ionic components it contains ? 1 , test sulfate : with BaCl2 solution , a white precipitate , adding HNO3 insoluble. 2 , inspection Al3 +: addition of NaOH produce amorphous white flocculent precipitate is dissolved in excess , leads to CO2 reappeared . 3 , test K +: Add sodium tetraphenylborate , a precipitate is proved K +. Add NaClO4 also produced a white precipitate. Or flame reaction can epoxidation of soybean oil also be used , boron beads experiments are also available.
For potassium aluminum sulfate component detection methods , the same applies to the aluminum sulfate and ammonium alum water for testing. This is because they have adsorption, can produce gel deposition , and chemical raw materials with similar properties . However, the choice of the detection agent will be somewhat different.
2013年10月7日星期一
Introduction of polypropylene flame retardants
Describes the polypropylene (PP) flame retardant type and mechanism of resistance ene agent PP summarized research progress and trends. Efficient, low toxicity ,
Low smoke , low cost, versatile, new composite "green" flame retardant PP 21st century focus of the study .
Polypropylene (PP) is a hydrocarbon material , heat of combustion , it is not entirely produced by burning smoke PVC lubricant and toxic gases, its application is limited . In order to improve flame retardant PP , broadening its field of application , you must add flame retardants.
A , PP fire retardant classification
PP flame retardant more categories, according to the basic performance is divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants ; according to high and low molecular weight divided into low molecular weight and high molecular weight flame retardant ; divided by use of additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Which , by the use of method of classification is more commonly used classification methods . Flame retardant is added to the polymer during processing with a flame retardant
Liquid or solid , including phosphate, halogenated hydrocarbons , the advantage of easy to use for a wide range ; those containing reactive flame retardant is Cl,, Br, P and other elements and reactive flame retardant class of compounds , they are copolymerized with the resin to give a resin flame retardant. Two , PP flame approaches, methods and mechanisms
( A ) , flame retardant PP pathway mainly through three kinds of ways to achieve [ 1 ] : ( 1 ) using the additive flame retardant , flame retardant added over mechanical mixing the polymer to achieve flame purpose ; ( 2 ) use of reactive flame retardant, a flame retardant as a reactive monomer that participate in the reaction ,
Grafted to the polymer main chain or side chain , the modified polymer has a flame retardant ; ( 3 ) a flame retardant polymer itself . (B ) , the basic method of flame retardant PP basic methods include: ( 1 ) use of foam or non- foam refractory material coating the surface of PP material , to
With oxygen or thermal isolation ; ( 2 ) through the modification of the modified PP matrix material flame retardant. The second method is the main method . ( Three ) , flame retardant mechanism
1 . Termination of a chain reaction mechanism
PP combustion , the general decomposition Sodium stearate of hydrocarbons. Further oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperatures, decomposition of free radical HO •. HO • The chain reaction
Makes the flame should continue . Halide decomposition of hydrogen halide (HX). HX can capture high-energy HO • and produce X • and
H 2O, while X • R • reacts with the polymer and the HX, but also capture the HO •. This cycle enables highly active HO • Less
Less will eventually contribute to the ripple cut HO • terminate hydrocarbon combustion flame to achieve the purpose . For PP, halides
Usually without the use of fluoride chloride or bromide or iodide . Because fluoride too lively , the formation of molecular fluorine and very stable
Iodine forming compound is unstable , it is rarely used.
2 . Mechanism of protective film
Flame temperature in the combustion swells into a layer of non-combustible protective film covering the surface of the material , isolated from the air and fire retardant . In
Phosphate flame retardant in the PP phosphate, halogen hydrocarbon ester. They differentiate to form a layer of porous insulating film coke , separated
Absolutely air to prevent heat transfer , and thus play a role in flame .
3 . Cooling mechanism
Flame retardant polymer surface can PVC heat stabilizer for window melt at a lower temperature , the latent heat absorbed or endothermic reaction , consume a lot of heat , from
And to prevent burning. Such as Al (OH) 3 can play in PP flame retardant effect. It is a non- flame-retardant filling aids . When the temperature
No more than 200 ℃, hydration molecules and Al (OH) 3 combined with very strong, even at 230 ℃ for continuous heating will not significantly decompose.
When the polymer is exposed to heat , one of the Al (OH) 3 hydrated plays the role of heat . When the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the polymer combustion,
Al (OH) 3 decomposes to absorb a lot of heat , and Glycerol monostearate generate water . Water vapor , and absorb a large amount of heat , thereby reducing the polymer
Temperature of PP pyrolysis gas combustion products, the speed is very slow , less than the concentration of combustion can be maintained , thereby preventing burning.
Low smoke , low cost, versatile, new composite "green" flame retardant PP 21st century focus of the study .
Polypropylene (PP) is a hydrocarbon material , heat of combustion , it is not entirely produced by burning smoke PVC lubricant and toxic gases, its application is limited . In order to improve flame retardant PP , broadening its field of application , you must add flame retardants.
A , PP fire retardant classification
PP flame retardant more categories, according to the basic performance is divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants ; according to high and low molecular weight divided into low molecular weight and high molecular weight flame retardant ; divided by use of additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Which , by the use of method of classification is more commonly used classification methods . Flame retardant is added to the polymer during processing with a flame retardant
Liquid or solid , including phosphate, halogenated hydrocarbons , the advantage of easy to use for a wide range ; those containing reactive flame retardant is Cl,, Br, P and other elements and reactive flame retardant class of compounds , they are copolymerized with the resin to give a resin flame retardant. Two , PP flame approaches, methods and mechanisms
( A ) , flame retardant PP pathway mainly through three kinds of ways to achieve [ 1 ] : ( 1 ) using the additive flame retardant , flame retardant added over mechanical mixing the polymer to achieve flame purpose ; ( 2 ) use of reactive flame retardant, a flame retardant as a reactive monomer that participate in the reaction ,
Grafted to the polymer main chain or side chain , the modified polymer has a flame retardant ; ( 3 ) a flame retardant polymer itself . (B ) , the basic method of flame retardant PP basic methods include: ( 1 ) use of foam or non- foam refractory material coating the surface of PP material , to
With oxygen or thermal isolation ; ( 2 ) through the modification of the modified PP matrix material flame retardant. The second method is the main method . ( Three ) , flame retardant mechanism
1 . Termination of a chain reaction mechanism
PP combustion , the general decomposition Sodium stearate of hydrocarbons. Further oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperatures, decomposition of free radical HO •. HO • The chain reaction
Makes the flame should continue . Halide decomposition of hydrogen halide (HX). HX can capture high-energy HO • and produce X • and
H 2O, while X • R • reacts with the polymer and the HX, but also capture the HO •. This cycle enables highly active HO • Less
Less will eventually contribute to the ripple cut HO • terminate hydrocarbon combustion flame to achieve the purpose . For PP, halides
Usually without the use of fluoride chloride or bromide or iodide . Because fluoride too lively , the formation of molecular fluorine and very stable
Iodine forming compound is unstable , it is rarely used.
2 . Mechanism of protective film
Flame temperature in the combustion swells into a layer of non-combustible protective film covering the surface of the material , isolated from the air and fire retardant . In
Phosphate flame retardant in the PP phosphate, halogen hydrocarbon ester. They differentiate to form a layer of porous insulating film coke , separated
Absolutely air to prevent heat transfer , and thus play a role in flame .
3 . Cooling mechanism
Flame retardant polymer surface can PVC heat stabilizer for window melt at a lower temperature , the latent heat absorbed or endothermic reaction , consume a lot of heat , from
And to prevent burning. Such as Al (OH) 3 can play in PP flame retardant effect. It is a non- flame-retardant filling aids . When the temperature
No more than 200 ℃, hydration molecules and Al (OH) 3 combined with very strong, even at 230 ℃ for continuous heating will not significantly decompose.
When the polymer is exposed to heat , one of the Al (OH) 3 hydrated plays the role of heat . When the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the polymer combustion,
Al (OH) 3 decomposes to absorb a lot of heat , and Glycerol monostearate generate water . Water vapor , and absorb a large amount of heat , thereby reducing the polymer
Temperature of PP pyrolysis gas combustion products, the speed is very slow , less than the concentration of combustion can be maintained , thereby preventing burning.
2013年9月29日星期日
eighteen simple exposition of sodium
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the plastic
additive relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an PVC stabilizer epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Stearates ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an PVC stabilizer epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Stearates ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
2013年9月27日星期五
aluminum sulfate wastewater in food processing applications
Different stages in the food industry wastewater generated features are not the same. The main raw material in the first washing is suspended contamination produced, and in the production and PVC
foaming board stabilizer processing stage is mainly organic contamination, and in the forming stage as compared to additive contamination. The aluminum sulfate wastewater treatment in the food processing which stage it? Its application is kind of how it?
Aluminum sulfate in the food wastewater treatment applications
In the food industry wastewater, for some small colloidal particles, or some colloidal solution, difficult or impossible to subsidence occurred adding chemical coagulants aluminum sulfate wastewater, making it easy to form large particles settling to remove. Wastewater colloid state of proteins and polysaccharides, ie after dosing oxidized PE WAX coagulation better removal.
Commonly used in the food processing wastewater coagulation agent
Lime, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. Lime is generally not used alone, often used in conjunction with other agents, the optimal dosage and pH should be determined by experiments. Aluminum sulfate in waste water treatment in the food, in addition to a coagulant, but also can serve as a redox agent, alkaline food waste can be used as the acid modifier. It is the versatility in the alkaline waste water chemicals.
Aluminum sulfate in the food wastewater treatment applications
In the food industry wastewater, for some small colloidal particles, or some colloidal solution, difficult or impossible to subsidence occurred adding chemical coagulants aluminum sulfate wastewater, making it easy to form large particles settling to remove. Wastewater colloid state of proteins and polysaccharides, ie after dosing oxidized PE WAX coagulation better removal.
Commonly used in the food processing wastewater coagulation agent
Lime, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. Lime is generally not used alone, often used in conjunction with other agents, the optimal dosage and pH should be determined by experiments. Aluminum sulfate in waste water treatment in the food, in addition to a coagulant, but also can serve as a redox agent, alkaline food waste can be used as the acid modifier. It is the versatility in the alkaline waste water chemicals.
2013年9月25日星期三
Wetting dispersant add program
Wetting the pigment dispersing agent is generally added when the ingredients to make the grinding and dispersion of the pigment surface adsorption, to achieve the desired purpose. If the compound used low
molecular polyethylene in the non-polar hard dispersed pigment, preferably blended in a small amount first additive resin solution and then mixed with the pigment soaked, so that the application would be more effective. Pigment dispersion
The dispersion of pigment in the paint process is more complicated, but at least through three processes, namely wet depolymerization (dispersion) and stabilized.
Providing paint pigment production, the production of the pigment particles formed are subtle, and its particle size heat stabilizer for shoes is generally in between 5nm to 1um, the dispersion system can be formed easily.
But the paint pigment plant put into production, mostly in the original-sized particles, agglomerates and aggregates mixtures exist.
Sized particles: a pigment formed in the manufacturing process of associating a single crystal or crystals is relatively fine grain size.
Agglomerates: the original sized particles connected edges and corners, a combination of the structure is relatively loose, large particle group.
Aggregates: a primary-particle combination of Metal stearate two-sided, or the growing crystal surface together, the structure is compact, large particle group.
Most of the pigment agglomerates of Lu cake drying and subsequent formation of a dry mill.
Aggregates of pigment manufacturing process precipitate formed during the curing. Agglomerates and aggregates secondary particles as pigments together.
The dispersion of pigment in the paint process is more complicated, but at least through three processes, namely wet depolymerization (dispersion) and stabilized.
Providing paint pigment production, the production of the pigment particles formed are subtle, and its particle size heat stabilizer for shoes is generally in between 5nm to 1um, the dispersion system can be formed easily.
But the paint pigment plant put into production, mostly in the original-sized particles, agglomerates and aggregates mixtures exist.
Sized particles: a pigment formed in the manufacturing process of associating a single crystal or crystals is relatively fine grain size.
Agglomerates: the original sized particles connected edges and corners, a combination of the structure is relatively loose, large particle group.
Aggregates: a primary-particle combination of Metal stearate two-sided, or the growing crystal surface together, the structure is compact, large particle group.
Most of the pigment agglomerates of Lu cake drying and subsequent formation of a dry mill.
Aggregates of pigment manufacturing process precipitate formed during the curing. Agglomerates and aggregates secondary particles as pigments together.
PVC stabilizer differences
Compared with other plastics , under the same conditions in the stabilization of PVC requires more significant problem . Mainly if epoxidized
soybean oil the PVC unstable , then it can not be processed and immediately sharp and severe degradation of discoloration . PVC with suitable additives and stabilizers are varied, so that the development of the industrial sector into a special . Which accounted for the first based on barium / Fort Worth -based organometallic compounds of lead , in addition, some of the organic stabilizer also has a certain importance . For future development , to discuss a given purpose "stable compound" possibilities. Factors affecting the PVC
foaming board stabilizer degradation of polyvinyl chloride as a thermal decomposition activation energy minimum ( except than polyvinyl alcohol ) , so that its special stabilization is very essential . Whether fast (processing ) or slow (aging ) thermal degradation , the degradation process the most obvious feature is the presence of oxygen in the air , with automatic catalytic dehydrochlorination nature " '] . Due to the complex ions and Plasticizer for PVC free based chemical process , reconciliation set PVC action by gathering damage mountains . multicollinearity play double generation and Springboard base by base and oxidation caused a color change in the Ming and mechanical properties of trace metals, particularly iron and zinc will accelerated degradation male . terminal group of the polymer additive material and the reaction is also a great shadow ...
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