Three factors affect PVC PVC heat stabilizers transparency

 PVC heat stabilizers to some extent will affect the transparency of PVC. PVC heat stabilizers are also not missing PVC additives, no PVC PVC heat stabilizers so will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly biochemical studies of PVC heat stabilizers. The following three factors will affect the transparency of PVC PVC heat stabilizers, and we do a discussion.
1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 and a refractive index of visible light or near the same, the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length of less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refraction less transparency higher, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", i.e., the compatibility of
Compatibility is two or more  Chrolinated polyethylene substances refers to the affinity of each when mixed. Compatibility is good that it is possible to achieve molecular level dispersion. A thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, which is not obvious interface or interface, refraction less, more transparent PVC products. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soaps in PVC compatibility, the length of the linear molecule and smaller, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC. Free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is polymerized random, in addition to its first stable - tail structure, and the first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl -; vinyl Results generated with coupling disproportionation CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2-, and allyl chloride structure-CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and the like.
Generating allyl chloride, chlorine and PVC flame retardant  tertiary carbon double bond in the synthesis of PVC is its molecular chain structure is unstable factors of instability order: PVC internal molecular chain allyl chloride> tertiary carbon chloro> allyl end groups chloride> Chung chlorine. It is easily degraded because of instability in the structure of PVC molecular chains exist, if not for stabilization when modified PVC processing, the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃, but that the PVC resin processing into useful products, molding  Acrylic impact modifier temperature to at 190 ℃ or more. Thus, heat stabilizers must be added to improve its structure is stabilized.
So pvc needs to be added during the synthesis PVC heat stabilizers.

Brief Introduction synthetic wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment

 Whether or papermaking wastewater pretreatment chemical wastewater pretreatment , all belong to the sewage pretreatment kind of sewage treatment in the throat . The frequently used in the pretreatment  PVC stabilizer for pipe of aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride , etc. coagulation . We take a look at what is the chemical wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment .
Synthetic wastewater pretreatment
Chemical pretreatment of the waste water system, since the fiber waste acidic or alkaline , so be neutralized before treatment , adjusted to neutral PH value , generally in the acid water and alkali , alkaline neutralization of acid waste , acid may also be used where conditions and water mix . Waste water pH adjustment , the need for pre-treatment to remove SS and oil substances, such as the use of flotation oil, coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and some organic substances in addition to other . Wastewater pretreatment process can improve biodegradability . After the  plastic additive pretreatment of waste water into the biological treatment units , most of the organic compounds and other contaminants are effectively removed .
Papermaking wastewater pretreatment
 Paper industry wastewater treatment plant can be divided into pre- and off-site pretreatment pretreatment, pretreatment plant is mainly white pulp for recycling water , often using filtration , flotation , etc. for recycling, can avoid a lot of pulp to the wastewater treatment system , both to improve the yield of pulp and save the cost of wastewater treatment ; outside the factory pre- materialized mainly in order to ensure access , biochemical wastewater treatment system to the greatest extent to meet the  technical requirements, enables the system to stabilize operation.
 No matter what kind of method requires water pretreatment , pretreatment mainly to improve water quality in order  Flame retardant to meet the water requirements of the process , to improve the overall effect of waste water treatment , to ensure the stability of the processing system , thus pre- in the paper industry wastewater treatment has a very important position. In addition, wastewater pretreatment , such as lime dosing can be disinfected .

Correct view of non-halogenated flame retardants problem

According to whether they contain halogen elements ( mainly bromine and chlorine ) , flame retardants and halogenated flame retardants can be divided into two major categories of non-halogen flame retardants . Among them, halogenated flame retardants ( mainly brominated flame retardants ) development of an early start , mature technology, the number has nearly a hundred species , common products decaBDE , decabromodiphenyl ethane, tetrabromobisphenol phenol a, six HBCD , etc. ; rather late start flame retardants , common products, including phosphate, red phosphorus and organic pigments  other phosphorus-based flame retardants, such as melamine familiar to the public as well as nitrogen-containing flame retardants hydroxide aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide flame retardants and inorganic minerals . At present, China modified plastics used in halogen flame retardant mainly electrical and electronic products contain halogenated flame retardants . Therefore, in the Chinese market , halogen flame retardant has a pivotal position , and showed a steady growth momentum of development.
Halogen electronic appliances has become one of the issues the industry must face . The origin and development of non-halogenated background comprehensive understanding of non-halogenated problem , we must first understand the history of halogen elements . "Halogen " is a Greek word meaning " salt produced stuff" , a halogen or a halogen element is stearate aluminum  bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine and astatine five kinds of chemical elements in general. Bromide is mainly used in insecticides and fumigants and other products, but also the main ingredient of many drugs , such as anti- histamine drugs and painkillers . Of course , by far , the most important is the use of bromide manufacture brominated flame retardants. Halogen-free and have a correct view of halogen-free flame retardants and halogen- halogen flame retardants have different performance , strengths and weaknesses and areas of application , should not be selective . Regulators , industry organizations and industry chain should focus on the individual has problems even by some potassium stearate  regulations prohibit products, rather than a stick and killed a category of products , such as all or halogen flame retardant halogen-free flame retardants. We should be aware that only indicates that the flame retardant halogen-free does not contain bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine, astatine these five halogen elements , neither on behalf of environmental protection, can not represent the whole industry development direction. Balanced and coordinated development of different flame retardants should play their respective role in fire safety .

Titanium dioxide in the garment and textile industry, the role of

Titanium dioxide is not just paint, paint and some other industrial sectors, "apple", but also some of the production and living supplies industry love. Such as cosmetics industry, garment and textile industry and so on. Here we take a look at the garment and textile  pvc additive industry, titanium dioxide effect. Garment and textile industry is an important part of the chemical fiber industry, while titanium dioxide is a chemical fiber industry indispensable quality raw materials. Titanium dioxide matting agent added only to the chemical fiber matting play an important role, and polymer properties of the fiber, machine wear, the life cycle of the filter assembly, the breakage rate of spinning, the fiber physical and mechanical properties of impact, and therefore, the extinction dosage should not be too high, you should select the degree to which the extinction, in general, the amount tio2 rutile  of titanium dioxide is added between 0.1% -0.3% when semidull, adding 0.5% to 2.5% as dull. Generally, in practice, the added amount of titanium dioxide 0.2% -0.5% of the extinction and can achieve a good whitening effect, obtained with the natural fiber of similar opacity, and the fiber strength, elongation no significant effect .
With the vigorous development of China's garment industry, chemical industry output is proportional to the development of chemical fiber and chemical fiber with titanium dioxide and  black iron oxide total consumption is proportional to the fiber consumption will vary with the titanium dioxide industry growth and money increase dramatically. Next few years, the market demand for fiber with titanium dioxide or will gradually increase, production and sales of chemical fiber with titanium dioxide or profit growth point.

PVC thermal degradation and thermal stabilizer is different

Thermal degradation of PVC industrial production mainly due to its molecular structure containing labile defects. Currently, the synthesis can not fundamentally improved methods and processes to avoid or reduce the generation of defects, so adding "thermal stabilizer" PVC improve thermal stability. In practical applications requiring heat stabilizers have a more comprehensive performance, any one of a single component heat stabilizers are unable to meet. Thermal stabilizers actual synergistic effect on the development of composite system design principles, called compound heat stabilizer. Zinc-based composite thermal stability synergy: synergistic heat stabilizers "and in HCl", HCl and ZnCl2 concentration inhibiting growth  PVC stabilizer for cable weakened HCl catalytic thermal degradation of PVC, PVC to improve long-term stability; synergistic heat stabilizers and HCl stabilizers protect the main effect, slowing consumption, thereby slowing the rate of PVC discoloration. Main effect by replacing unstable chlorine stabilizer inhibition of thermal degradation of PVC triggered not only suppressed discoloration of PVC, while also protecting the heat stabilizer synergist, slowing its consumption.
  PVC is one of the world's five  iron oxide red common plastics in China, the first one of its consumption. China's economic development, especially the development of urbanization and real estate, to make PVC building materials in China was a great opportunity for development, its demand substantial growth; addition, transportation, communications and other fields demand for PVC resin was rapid growth. PVC profile windows and doors for cold insulation, weather resistance and good corrosion resistance, environmental compliance, energy consumption than ordinary steel doors and windows can save 17%. China's total energy consumption of building energy consumption accounted for about 1/4, building insulation performance, energy consumption accounted for 50% of housing energy waste. Today's increasingly global concern for environmental issues to prevent climate warming, the application of magnesium hydroxide  different doors and windows will have new potential. Thermal stabilizer the performance of the basic thermal stability, processing and weathering resistance. With the development of the plastics industry, and other performance additives accompanied exist, the optimized design of the "one package" of products are PVC heat stabilizers entered a mature stage of the landmark achievements. Balanced overall performance, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, easy to use and customize to improve production efficiency, "a package" of composite stabilizer, is expected to be in the world has been generally welcomed, and become the future development trend.

PVC plastic formulations stabilizer design of the main idea of

PVC processed at high temperatures , can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure . Meanwhile , HCL has a self- catalysis , will make further degraded PVC . In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc , tin, copper and cadmium ions , will catalyze the degradation of PVC , accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration , deformation , cracking , mechanical strength , electrical insulation performance , brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems , the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants , ultraviolet absorbers , and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be heat stabilizer for panel  able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition , to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin . Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in . Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability , excellent electrical properties , low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number , one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced . Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong , pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients . However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium -based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers . Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting . Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use . Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and  triple pressed stearic acid medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education , a large amount of calcium -based stabilizers when transparency is poor , easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a better variety of transparent products , especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy- type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat , the drawback is easy to bleed . As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can . In recent years, there is also a rare earth -based stabilizers , and hydrotalcite -based stabilizer , a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability , and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic . ( Two ) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat , ultraviolet light oxidation , which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related . Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger . Its main role is Dioctyl phthalate  to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound , the chain reaction terminated , PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent , PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso- octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C ) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors , because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation , PVC molecules into the excited state , or a chemical bond is destroyed , causing radical chain reaction , and to promote the aging degradation of PVC . In order to improve UV resistance , often by adding an ultraviolet absorber .

Cold extrusion of the metal zinc stearate main description of the processing

Cold extrusion is a precision plastic volumetric forming technology is an important component. Cold extrusion is in the cold state of the metal blank into the mold cavity, the strong pressure and a constant speed under the effect of forcing the metal is extruded from the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  mold cavity, to achieve the desired shape and size, and a certain mechanical extrusion performance.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners, machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle, cosmetic aluminum tube, the bullet casing, at present, auto parts, 30% ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process.
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin, silver, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel. Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum, zirconium, and Kovar, etc. can also be cold extrusion, even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation.
Cold extrusion, metal materials produced  red iron oxide severe plastic deformation, the unit squeeze a lot of pressure, especially in cold extrusion of steel, the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure, if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface, making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life, determines the success or failure squeeze.
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant (such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.), there are solid (such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate, graphite, etc.), they may be used  black iron oxide alone, or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1. Reduce friction between the billet and the mold; 2. Reduce mold wear and improve die life; 3. Improve the quality of products. (1) cold forging lubricant: For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment. The so-called "phosphate" is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal, this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed, can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold. The so-called "saponification" is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant, so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant.
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time, phosphate strict quality requirements, while the phosphate waste pollute the environment, and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process.
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability, extension, adhesion, lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions, successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process (degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried), ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication. And once completed: Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation, surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy, improve surface quality, maximum protection of the mold surface, to extend the life of the mold. A thin lubricant film formed, one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30% to 45%.
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer, even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming, the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface, and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again. Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface, which is characterized more apparent.

Broad field of application of titanium dioxide

 Titanium dioxide is a very broad field of application, then the application of titanium dioxide are used in the end what areas and what areas? If you want to know, please read our article carefully to see if you want to know more about titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide or magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  related information like him to pay attention to our official website to learn about the latest relevant information, in the hope that our website give you some help.
Titanium dioxide has a high refractive index, particle size distribution of the particles is ideal, with good hiding power and good coloring white pigment widely used in paints, rubber, plastics, paper, inks, daily chemical, electronics, micro-electromechanical and environmental protection industries.
Paint industry: paint industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide. Among them, rutile titanium dioxide coatings industry is mainly consumed. Production of titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, color dose, the province focused, variety, stable media can play  yellow iron oxide a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesive film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life.
Plastics industry: In addition to titanium dioxide plastic, plastic products, can improve the heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance, improved plastic products physical and chemical properties, and improve the mechanical strength and prolong life. 3 Paper industry: paper industry is a major consumer of titanium dioxide. As the paper burden, mainly used for fine paper and tissue paper. In this file add titanium dioxide, can make paper with good whiteness, gloss, high strength, thin and flexible, printing does not penetrate, the quality of light. Paper is generally used without a surface treatment of the titanium dioxide anatase type titanium dioxide, can be used as optical brighteners, thus increasing the brightness of the document. But requires the use of rutile titanium dioxide rolling treated paper surface in response to light and heat requirements.
4, advanced ink: titanium dioxide or iron oxide yellow  advanced essential white pigment ink. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
Chemical industry, chemical fiber and textile fiber textile industry is another important application of titanium dioxide. Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent. As sweet red, gold anatase, anatase general. The titanium fiber surface usually do not require treatment, but some special varieties to reduce photochemical reaction of titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide, in order to prevent degradation of the photocatalytic effect of the fiber, the need for surface treatment.

PVC (UPVC) injection

Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of  titanium dioxide anatase a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which  heat stabilizer for panel means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.

High concentrations of calcium stearate, zinc stearate

can lead to insulin resistance. According to reports, hyperlipidemia is due to lipid metabolism disorder caused by one or more of the plasma lipid composition characterized by abnormally elevated  Barium soap  concentrations of illnesses. Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus have a close relationship.
However, there is a serum fatty acid profile in hyperlipidemia studies are concentrated in the fasting state, in their study investigated the postprandial state is still blank stage. As we all know, three meals a day, the body most of the time in a postprandial state, so research postprandial serum fatty acid profile and metabolic changes impact on the body has more practical significance.
By postprandial hyperlipidemia population  PVC heat stabilizer for window changes of serum fatty acid, a fatty acid for the first time found that only calcium stearate, zinc stearate in the postprandial state levels were significantly increased in high concentrations of calcium stearate zinc can lead to insulin resistance, and reduce expression of SREBP-1c to reduce calcium stearate, zinc levels, thereby improving insulin resistance.
Researchers crowd postprandial hyperlipidemia serum calcium stearate, zinc stearate, elevated levels of  PVC window stabilizer the molecular mechanism of high concentrations of calcium stearate, zinc stearate implications for insulin resistance and how to reduce postprandial rise high calcium stearate, zinc stearate level of in-depth research, eventually found increased calcium stearate, zinc stearate, postprandial serum insulin concentration is due to the increase of stimulated calcium stearate, hard de novo synthesis of fat and zinc palmitate direct extension (ELOVL6). By in vivo, in vitro small RNA interference techniques, the researchers confirmed that reduces SREBP-1c or ELOVL6 expression could reduce calcium stearate, zinc levels, thereby improving insulin resistance. Further comparison of the interference in the difference after two targets, they found that inhibition of expression of SREBP-1c can more effectively improve insulin resistance.

PVC heat stabilizers some simple experiments

I'll tell you about PVC heat stabilizers are two common test methods. A process called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second is called roll blackening pilot testing method .
PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Mimic the actual torque rheometer PVC processing a typical small pilot-type apparatus . Outside of the instrument a inganic pigments  closed processing tank , connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed , torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models . Experimental steps of: preparing in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch based on PVC masterbatch formulation , in addition to other ships and ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature , when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed , will be weighed mixture added processing chamber , quickly closed records on a computer connected to a variety of parameters , namely flow curve . After processing , you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. These Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing . Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackening test
Determination of thermal stability as a dynamic effect of a class of helper methods , dynamic two-roll used in the absence of the rheometer , the experiment instrument select double rolled sheet , which  Plastic chemical together with the high-speed mixed powder , compression molding , the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until completely black record time , the time is called blackening . Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC .

PVC stabilizers introduce some of the main

Compared with other plastics , under the same conditions in the stabilization of PVC requires more significant problem . Mainly if the PVC unstable , then it can not be processed and immediately sharp  PVC processing aid and severe degradation of discoloration . PVC with suitable additives and stabilizers are varied, so that the development of the industrial sector into a special . Which accounted for the first based on barium / Fort Worth -based organometallic compounds of lead , in addition, some of the organic stabilizer also has a certain importance . For future development , to discuss a given purpose "stable compound" possibilities. Factors affecting the Stearate zinc  degradation of polyvinyl chloride as a thermal decomposition activation energy minimum ( except than polyvinyl alcohol ) , so that its special stabilization is very essential . Whether fast (processing ) or slow (aging ) thermal degradation , the degradation process the most obvious feature is the presence of oxygen in the air , with automatic catalytic dehydrochlorination nature " '] . Due to the complex ions and free based chemical process , reconciliation set PVC action by gathering damage mountains . multicollinearity play double whitening agent  generation and Springboard base by base and oxidation caused a color change in the Ming and mechanical properties of trace metals, particularly iron and zinc will accelerated degradation male . terminal group of the polymer additive material and the reaction is also a great shadow ...

Plasticizer: green alternative trend

For a long time , plasticizer DOP ( dioctyl phthalate ) and other phthalate products. With these additives in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely, toxicity studies PVC lubricants  in it more and more attention . Found that when the blood inlet PVC storage bag body, the products that are found in the lungs with DOP . Although the DOP is carcinogenic to make people still debated, but because of its carcinogenic potential suspects , countries have taken the appropriate restrictive measures. According to the State Environmental Protection Administration of the United States Cancer Institute 's findings , has stopped six kinds of phthalates new products . At present, the domestic production of some of the main plasticizer properties, especially health, low toxicity , it is difficult to meet the environmental requirements. European Union and Russia have plastic toys imported from China , found that the presence of toxic PVC plasticizers .
DOP, DOA ( dioctyl adipate ) is of polyvinyl chloride are widely used in food wrap plasticizer species, particularly DOP been widely used in food packaging products. Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP ( dibutyl phthalate ) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film , used in high fat meat products , or use it to wrap food in the microwave , the plasticizer into the food more opportunities , potentially harmful to human health .
  DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard , the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the use . Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts , especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research . However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market , and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion . Due to low prices , the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
Today, the endless stream of new foreign plastic additives , functional and more refined , the domestic high-end products come out , but uncommon , industry-wide technical level about 20 years behind the developed countries . For example , DBP , etc., have been disabled in many countries , our country is still mass ; GB is still listed as the DOP plasticizer for  Chrolinated polyethylene food packaging varieties. Instead , citrate , 810 , polyester , trimellitic acid ester , epoxy esters and other non-toxic, durable , better overall performance plasticizers species are developed slowly.
In recent years, the rapid development of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives , but mainly on the volume growth . Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production , product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection , China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development , increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance , and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages , and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot .
To this end , research institutes and  Chlorinated paraffin production enterprises should strengthen cooperation to address small scale , fewer species , backward technology, consumption of fixed high and unstable product quality problems , the organization of the Commonwealth to reduce production costs and energy consumption ; strengthen research and development , to achieve comprehensive utilization , and constantly develop new varieties to meet individual needs , focusing on research and development to seize the rare earth plasticizer ; accelerate structural adjustment , highlighting the environmental needs, enhance efficiency, low toxicity product research and development , and constantly improve the performance of plastic products and expand the application areas for China to further and deeper development of the plastics industry to provide strong support.

Do you know rutile titanium dioxide

 Some minerals products, we will generally look at its composition , physical properties and chemical properties. Here's a brief look at the physical properties of rutile titanium dioxide which . In order to facilitate the selection of our future and the carbon black powder  production of titanium dioxide . 1 , the hardness according to Mohs hardness scale system is , rutile titanium dioxide 6-6.5 , anatase type titanium dioxide is 5.5 to 6.0, so the fiber matting in order to avoid wear of the nozzle hole and the use of anatase .
2 , the relative density of the white pigment used , the minimum relative density of titanium dioxide , a white pigment of the same quality , the maximum surface area of ​​the titanium dioxide pigment volume up .
3 , the dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant titania , so it has excellent electrical properties . Determination of titanium dioxide in certain physical properties , it is necessary to consider the crystallization of titanium dioxide crystal orientation . Anatase type titanium dioxide is relatively low dielectric constant , only 48 .
4, the melting and boiling points as anatase at high temperatures into rutile , anatase type titanium dioxide so the melting and boiling does not actually exist. Rutile -type titanium dioxide has only melting and boiling points , rutile -type titanium dioxide has a melting point 1850 ℃, the air in the melting point of (1830 ± 15) ℃, the melting point of oxygen 1879 ℃, the melting point of the purity of the titanium dioxide . Rutile titanium dioxide has a boiling point of (3200 ± 300) ℃, at this high temperature slightly volatile titania . 5 , although the hydrophilic absorbent titania , but  low molecular polyethylene not too strong hygroscopicity , rutile than anatase small . Hygroscopicity titania surface with a certain relationship between the size , surface area, high absorbency , but also the nature of the surface treatment .
6 , particle size distribution of titanium dioxide is a comprehensive index, which seriously affect the performance of titanium dioxide pigment and product application performance , so for hiding and dispersion directly from the discussion on the analysis of particle size distribution . Factors affecting the particle size distribution of titanium dioxide is more complicated, the first original particle size hydrolysis , by controlling and regulating hydrolysis conditions , the primary particle size within a certain range . Followed by calcination temperature , the heat stabilizer for pipe  calcination process metatitanic , the particles undergo a transformation of crystalline phase and growth, control of the right temperature, the particles grow in a certain range. Finally is the product of crushing, usually Raymond transformation and analyzer speed regulation, control grinding quality, while other grinding equipment can be used , for example: universal mill, jet mill and hammer mill equipment .
 7 , the conductivity of titanium dioxide having a semiconductor performance , its conductivity increases with increase in temperature rapidly increased, and also very sensitive to hypoxia . Rutile titanium dioxide dielectric and semiconductor nature of the electronics industry is very important, titanium dioxide manufacturers can take advantage of the nature of the production of ceramic capacitors and other electronic components .
8, the thermal stability is good thermal stability of the titanium dioxide material .

PVC impact modifier some kind described

PVC impact modifier is sometimes also from the plasticizing effect , it can also be seen as a plasticizer , while for PVC resin impact modifier are summarized as follows :
 ( 1 ) Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is the use of HDPE in the water phase of the powdery product by suspension chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of HDPE original crystals become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, containing 25-45 % amount fluorescent brightener  is generally C1 . CPE wide source of low price, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . At present in China is dominated by CPE impact modifiers , especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most plants use CPE. Generally added in an amount of 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other plasticizer , such as rubber , EVA , the effect is better, but even in aging rubber additives .
 (2) ACR is methyl methacrylate , acrylate monomers , ACR is best developed in recent years, impact modifiers , which can increase the impact strength of the material several times. ACR core-shell structure is an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , crosslinked acrylic or butyl rubber elastic body is formed as the core of the particle distribution of the inner segment . Particularly suitable for outdoor use PVC plastic products, impact-modified PVC plastic window profiles used in the ACR as impact modifiers and other modifiers processing performance compared with the smooth surface, good aging resistance , high strength welding angle characteristics, but the price CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount 6-10 copies. The current domestic production of the manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
 ( 3 methyl methacrylate , butadiene and styrene copolymer of the monomers . MBS 94-9.5 a solubility parameter between the solubility parameter close to that of PVC , PVC is therefore compatible with the better, it 's most important feature: after adding PVC products can be made transparent . generally added in PVC 10-17 copies can be improved impact strength of PVC 6-15 times, but the MBS in amount more than 30 parts , PVC but decreased the impact strength . MBS itself has a good impact resistance , good transparency , light transmission rate of 90 %, and to improve the impact resistance  heat stabilizer for panel while other properties of the resin , such as tensile strength, breaking elongation little effect on growth rate , etc. . MBS higher prices , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS , etc. and use . MBS poor heat resistance , weather resistance is poor, that are unsuitable for long-term outdoor use of products , generally do not make plastic window and door profile production impact modifiers used .
 (4) SBS is a styrene -butadiene- styrene block copolymers, also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer part , the structure can be divided into star and line two kinds. SBS ratio of styrene to butadiene is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifiers in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS primary role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance . SBS poor weather, not suitable for long-term outdoor use made ​​products. (5) ABS is a styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastic , PVC is also used impact modified , low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective. ABS is added in an amount of 50 parts , PVC , the impact strength can be quite pure ABS . ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , unsuitable for long-term outdoor use  titanium dioxide anatase products, generally do not do plastic doors and windows profile production impact modifiers . (6) EVA is an ethylene vinyl acetate and acid copolymer, vinyl acetate changed into a crystalline polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of a large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA dosage of 10 parts or less .

Main features of the plasticizer

The plasticizer is a high boiling point ,
Low volatile substances , the molecular structure portion having a polar and non-polar parts. Plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the polymer chains , weakening intermolecular forces , increasing the distance between the polymer chains and space , to increase  Dioctyl phthalate the plastic polymer , polymer processing temperature reduction . Case of PVC plastics . Because PVC child so strong intermolecular forces , the higher the processing temperature , prone to degradation . In PVC plasticizer is added and heated , the plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the molecular chains of PVC ,
PVC plasticizer polar polar part and part of the role , after cooling , the plasticizer molecules remain in the inserted position,
The non- polar part of zinc borate flame retardant  the plasticizer to play a role in isolation , weakening PVC intermolecular forces ,
Achieve improved ductility and flexibility of PVC , polyvinyl chloride processing temperature reduction purposes. The polar part of the plasticizer molecules is mainly an ester group , an epoxy group , an ether bond , a cyano group , a chloro group and other polar groups ; non- polar part of the main chain methylene and alkyl chains. Adding plasticizers in polymers called external plasticizer ;
The formation of the polymer , said comonomer added
As an internal plasticizer , such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer , vinyl acetate as  chromium oxide the internal plasticizer. Plasticizer :
 ① reduce melt viscosity ;
 ② to increase the flexibility of the polymer ;
 ③ increase the elongation at break of the polymer ;
 ④ lower polymer molding processing temperature ;
 ⑤ improve processing characteristics forming polymer ;
 ⑥ improve the impact properties of polymers ;
 ⑦ improve low temperature polymer Qu Xing ;
 ⑧ reduce polymer surface hardness .

Some narrative optical brightener

Optical brightener (Optical whitener) is a type of fabric and can enhance the whiteness of paper and other organic compounds. Also known as optical brighteners . Fabric, etc. are often  PVC profile stabilizer contained as impurities, and yellow colors , in the past are used for bleaching chemical bleaching methods , are used in the product add brighteners approach. Its role is to absorb the products of invisible ultraviolet radiation into fluorescence radiation purple blue , yellow with the original two colors, a white light radiation , improve the whiteness in the sunlight . Brightener has been widely used in the textile , paper, detergent , soap , rubber, plastics, pigments  iron oxide yellow and paints and so on. Classification
According to the chemical structure can be divided into five categories :
① stilbene , and certain synthetic fibers for cotton fiber , paper , soap and other industries , with a blue fluorescence ;
② coumarin type, having the basic structure coumarone for celluloid , polyvinyl chloride , etc., with a  dibutyl phthalate strong blue fluorescence ;
③ pyrazoline type , for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers , a green fluorescent color;
④ benzo type of oxygen and nitrogen , for acrylic and other fibers and polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene and other plastics , with a red fluorescence ;
⑤ phthalimide type, used for polyester, acrylic, nylon and other fibers , with a blue fluorescence.

Fluorescent Brightener diamond fluorescence

In general , the diamond fluorescence is a relatively specialized problems, asked this question shows that you have a better understanding of the diamond . Most people on the level of understanding of the diamond is now still at the stage of literacy . So the time of  potassium stearate purchase are often very concerned about whether VVS, others are downplayed . Now makes China in the global diamond market is the most strange ...... diamond ring fluorescence effects of good or bad is another important indicator.
First, the fluorescence of the diamond is it? Important to you ? If in addition to the diamond 4C What is noteworthy place , then that is a fluorescent indicator ! Fluorescence indicator , English Fluorescence, is an important indicator , which affects the color of the diamond .
 Fluorescent indicator refers to vegetable stearic acid  the diamond will be issued under the intense ultraviolet blue light intensity. Fluorescence international level from high to low were none ( no ), faint ( weak ), medium blue ( medium blue ) / medium yellow ( medium yellow ), strong blue ( strong blue ) yellow ( strong yellow ) and other levels. For those who adhere to traditional perfectionist , the diamonds are not a fluorescence , ie fluorescence level indicators are none .
 In fact, China's new standards promulgated by the diamond has , though not on the fluorescence of strict , but absolutely clear requirements. Country by diamonds glow under UV light intensity classified as "strong" , "medium" , "weak ", "no " four levels . But most consumers do not understand , so I do not need this indicator , resulting in  white blowing agent identification of the identification certificate issued by the agency generally does not indicate the fluorescent indicator , it also gives many jewelers advantage of the loophole .
 However, there are a few people like abroad, strong blue diamond grade , will go to the designated special buy this diamond . Sometimes because of strong blue diamond will look cool ( not to mention the strong blue diamond grade levels also a lot cheaper than none

non-toxic PVC heat stabilizer Research

This article describes the mechanism of thermal decomposition of PVC heat stabilizers and mechanism of action . Comprehensive analysis of the types of PVC heat stabilizers and technical status quo ! Pointed out that no heavy metals hydrotalcite ! Rare earth compound heat stabilizer and will become the dominant species .
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world 's second-largest synthetic resin azodicarbonamide  production over 90,000 , however , PVC there are some difficult to overcome the shortcomings of poor thermal stability which was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability , softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small , has caused great difficulties to the process , so the machining process must be a certain amount of heat stabilizer in order to improve its thermal stability. Currently , the largest amount of lead salt heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and to ensure sustainable development in mind , people's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually chromium oxide  strengthened, therefore , low toxicity , no pollution, has become a complex and efficient PVC heat stabilizers direction of development.
Analysis of the thermal stability of PVC resin
PVC is one of the earliest synthetic thermoplastics , with difficult to burn , good mechanical properties , low prices , abundant source of raw materials , synthetic process maturity and other characteristics, widely used in construction , telecommunications , transportation, electronics, chemicals , packaging and other industries. pvc or subjected to high energy in the heat radiation, such as ultraviolet light "effect occurs under the autocatalytic reaction hcl off , the thermal decomposition mechanism generally believed that there are three kinds . oxygen environment of the free liquid stabilizer  radical mechanism ; ( 2 ) under a nitrogen atmosphere ionic mechanism ; ( 3 ) of the single vacuum molecular mechanisms that affect the thermal decomposition pvc chain structure is the main factor , means branched , double, allyl chloride , head structure , and molecular weight conjugated double bonds "in influence ; addition , oxygen , HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact .

lubricants and lubrication is currently no real sense of theories and laws

Right - like PVC-U formulation design , the author believes that the difficulties formulation and the main contents of the inner and outer lubricant selection of species and their proportions and adding the total design. Lubricant to the total amount should be suitable , and PVC stabilizer for cable  internal and external lubricant ratio is more important , even though the total amount sufficient , but if imbalance, nor co- continuous production of qualified products.
However, for the processing of PVC-U critical lubrication system , in theory there is no known theory , and even formulation can effectively guide the experimental law no . The  magnesium stearate only rule is to learn from the so-called general chemistry , " like dissolves like " rule, which is the lubricant of PVC resin polarity polarity more similar to its compatibility with the more evil , and thus its role within the lubrication better ; against outside lubrication is strong, but this rule for guiding formulation also very limited. Because the polarity judgment lubricant is a lubricant according to the chemical structure, that the lubricant molecules containing hydroxyl groups , ester groups, carboxyl groups , amide group and  epoxidized soybean oil an ether group , a ketone group such as a polar functional group species , quantity and with a long alkyl ratio. As the lubricant chemical structure complex, diverse , and the interaction between adjacent functional groups , such that the polarity of the lubricant is more difficult to determine the size , which resulted in a polar lubricant alone to infer lubricant and lubrication lubricant is actually played by the difference between the lubrication is far beyond people's imagination .