Research Status toxic PVC heat stabilizer of PVC is the world's second largest synthetic resin polyethylene production after more than 90,000, however, PVC, there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome, including poor thermal stability was most prominent . PVC due stearic acid to poor thermal stability, softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small, has caused great difficulties to the process, so the process must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently, lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore, low toxicity, no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers.
Thermal stability of PVC resin is Polyethylene wax one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastics, has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials, synthetic mature technology, which is widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics , chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light, "the impact of de-hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs, the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are PVC stabilizer for panel three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment;. (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; main factors (3) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure, refers to a branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.
PVC plasticizer
2013年12月30日星期一
2013年12月29日星期日
Plastic heat stabilizer by category
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs , extending the life of composite additives . Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt , fatty acid soaps , organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds . 1 ) Heat stabilizer salt : salt stabilizer is the Stabilizers for pipe combination of the " base " of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids , such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance , weather resistance and electrical insulating properties , low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0 %. ( Source Global polyurethane network ) 2 ) a fatty acid based heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound of a fatty acid composition of roots and metal ions , also called metal soap heat stabilizers , acid groups , and its performance and the kind of metal ions , generally the amount of 0.1% to 3.0%.
3 ) organotin heat stabilizers : class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement . Features such heat stabilizers are high stability , good transparency , heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4 ) Composite type heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin -based compound , wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc , barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and PVC plasticizer barium - cadmium ; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5 ) an organic compound heat stabilizer : Such a heat stabilizer except for a few primary stabilizers may be used alone (mainly nitrogen containing organic compound ) , but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites , phosphites often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material , to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of action of a thermal stabilizer 2PVC
1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its auto- catalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acid metal soaps , organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate . They can react with HCL , HCL off PVC suppression response. 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atom de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as a chlorine atom with an unstable ligand binding molecule PVC polyene structure with an addition reaction , a ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organic tin substitution 3 ) , formed in the destruction of a large conjugated system reduce coloration . Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate , inhibiting discoloration. 4 ) capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to block off the HCL, because Polyethylene wax phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling , not react with O2 forming material , and a heat stabilizing effect . Such a thermal stabilizer , one or both may have several roles .
Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance , or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions : First, replacement lively, unstable substituents ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL ; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow , inhibiting degradation coloring ; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect . Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , very little is used alone , but most of the species in a powder form , some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan , Netherlands and other countries , or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China . Therefore , the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost , no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry .
3 ) organotin heat stabilizers : class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement . Features such heat stabilizers are high stability , good transparency , heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4 ) Composite type heat stabilizer : Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin -based compound , wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc , barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and PVC plasticizer barium - cadmium ; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5 ) an organic compound heat stabilizer : Such a heat stabilizer except for a few primary stabilizers may be used alone (mainly nitrogen containing organic compound ) , but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites , phosphites often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material , to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of action of a thermal stabilizer 2PVC
1 ) absorption and HCL, inhibit its auto- catalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts , organic acid metal soaps , organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate . They can react with HCL , HCL off PVC suppression response. 2 ) replacement of PVC molecules suppress unstable allylic chlorine atom de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as a chlorine atom with an unstable ligand binding molecule PVC polyene structure with an addition reaction , a ligand , a chlorine atom with an unstable organic tin substitution 3 ) , formed in the destruction of a large conjugated system reduce coloration . Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds , and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction , thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate , inhibiting discoloration. 4 ) capture free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction . As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to block off the HCL, because Polyethylene wax phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling , not react with O2 forming material , and a heat stabilizing effect . Such a thermal stabilizer , one or both may have several roles .
Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance , or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions : First, replacement lively, unstable substituents ; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL ; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities ; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow , inhibiting degradation coloring ; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect . Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special , very little is used alone , but most of the species in a powder form , some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use , to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer , for example , the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series , the United States , Germany, Japan , Netherlands and other countries , or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China . Therefore , the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost , no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry .
2013年12月26日星期四
PVC heat stabilizers commonly used test methods
To introduce PVC heat stabilizers of two common test methods. Something called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second test called the roll blackened test method.
PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Torque rheometer is an imitation of PVC foaming board stabilizer the actual PVC processing a typical small scale type instrument . The outside of the instrument has a closed processing tank , through a computer connected to the instrument can be controlled by the temperature of the processing tank , and the rotation of the two rollers inside the added mass of material is generally a torque rheometer 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the instrument models and different. Experimental steps : preparing in advance the type comprising a heat stabilizer masterbatch based masterbatch formulations except PVC Usually there ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque rheometer temperature set in advance , and when the temperature rose to specify the speed smoothly , it will weigh a good mix added processing tank , quickly closed the recording of various parameters on the computer connected to it , is the flow curve . After processing is complete, you can also get different physical characteristics of the extrudate , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. With these parameters, you can determine the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings appropriate industrial potential heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable should have proper torque and plasticizing time , extrusion molding should be better and whiteness, smooth surface and so on. Torque rheometer between laboratory research and industrial mass production to build a convenient bridge .
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackened test
As a method for dynamic determination based adjuvant effect of a thermal stabilizer , in the absence of double roller dynamic rheometer using a twin roll selected experiments tableting equipment, which together with the high-speed mixed powder , tablet molding, the carbon black resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until the recording time of the fully black , called blackening time . By comparing the length of time to determine the blackening of different thermal stabilizers for PVC thermal stability effect.
PVC heat stabilizers torque rheometer test method
Torque rheometer is an imitation of PVC foaming board stabilizer the actual PVC processing a typical small scale type instrument . The outside of the instrument has a closed processing tank , through a computer connected to the instrument can be controlled by the temperature of the processing tank , and the rotation of the two rollers inside the added mass of material is generally a torque rheometer 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the instrument models and different. Experimental steps : preparing in advance the type comprising a heat stabilizer masterbatch based masterbatch formulations except PVC Usually there ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque rheometer temperature set in advance , and when the temperature rose to specify the speed smoothly , it will weigh a good mix added processing tank , quickly closed the recording of various parameters on the computer connected to it , is the flow curve . After processing is complete, you can also get different physical characteristics of the extrudate , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. With these parameters, you can determine the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings appropriate industrial potential heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable should have proper torque and plasticizing time , extrusion molding should be better and whiteness, smooth surface and so on. Torque rheometer between laboratory research and industrial mass production to build a convenient bridge .
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackened test
As a method for dynamic determination based adjuvant effect of a thermal stabilizer , in the absence of double roller dynamic rheometer using a twin roll selected experiments tableting equipment, which together with the high-speed mixed powder , tablet molding, the carbon black resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until the recording time of the fully black , called blackening time . By comparing the length of time to determine the blackening of different thermal stabilizers for PVC thermal stability effect.
2013年12月25日星期三
Three factors affect PVC PVC heat stabilizers transparency
PVC heat stabilizers to some extent will affect the transparency of PVC. PVC heat stabilizers are also not missing PVC additives, no PVC PVC heat stabilizers so will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly biochemical studies of PVC heat stabilizers. The following three factors will affect the transparency of PVC PVC heat stabilizers, and we do a discussion.
1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 and a refractive index of visible light or near the same, the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length of less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refraction less transparency higher, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", i.e., the compatibility of
Compatibility is two or more Chrolinated polyethylene substances refers to the affinity of each when mixed. Compatibility is good that it is possible to achieve molecular level dispersion. A thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, which is not obvious interface or interface, refraction less, more transparent PVC products. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soaps in PVC compatibility, the length of the linear molecule and smaller, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC. Free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is polymerized random, in addition to its first stable - tail structure, and the first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl -; vinyl Results generated with coupling disproportionation CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2-, and allyl chloride structure-CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and the like.
Generating allyl chloride, chlorine and PVC flame retardant tertiary carbon double bond in the synthesis of PVC is its molecular chain structure is unstable factors of instability order: PVC internal molecular chain allyl chloride> tertiary carbon chloro> allyl end groups chloride> Chung chlorine. It is easily degraded because of instability in the structure of PVC molecular chains exist, if not for stabilization when modified PVC processing, the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃, but that the PVC resin processing into useful products, molding Acrylic impact modifier temperature to at 190 ℃ or more. Thus, heat stabilizers must be added to improve its structure is stabilized.
So pvc needs to be added during the synthesis PVC heat stabilizers.
1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 and a refractive index of visible light or near the same, the better the transparency of PVC products, the transparency is low and vice versa.
2, stabilizer molecules (molecules) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule (or molecules) linear length of less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refraction less transparency higher, whereas less transparent.
3, a heat stabilizer in PVC, "solubility", i.e., the compatibility of
Compatibility is two or more Chrolinated polyethylene substances refers to the affinity of each when mixed. Compatibility is good that it is possible to achieve molecular level dispersion. A thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin. Do not form a two-phase, which is not obvious interface or interface, refraction less, more transparent PVC products. Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soaps in PVC compatibility, the length of the linear molecule and smaller, and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC. Free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is polymerized random, in addition to its first stable - tail structure, and the first - the first structure - CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH-, tail - tail structure-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl -; vinyl Results generated with coupling disproportionation CH2 = CH-CHCl-CH2-, and allyl chloride structure-CH2-CH = CH-CHCl-CH2 and the like.
Generating allyl chloride, chlorine and PVC flame retardant tertiary carbon double bond in the synthesis of PVC is its molecular chain structure is unstable factors of instability order: PVC internal molecular chain allyl chloride> tertiary carbon chloro> allyl end groups chloride> Chung chlorine. It is easily degraded because of instability in the structure of PVC molecular chains exist, if not for stabilization when modified PVC processing, the decomposition temperature is about 130 ℃, but that the PVC resin processing into useful products, molding Acrylic impact modifier temperature to at 190 ℃ or more. Thus, heat stabilizers must be added to improve its structure is stabilized.
So pvc needs to be added during the synthesis PVC heat stabilizers.
2013年12月23日星期一
PVC impact modifier which species
PVC impact modifier and sometimes also from the plasticizing effect , it can also be seen as a plasticizer and an impact modifier for PVC resin are the following :
( A ) chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) using the product of HDPE powder was suspended in an aqueous phase chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of the original crystalline HDPE become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, typically containing 25-45 volume % C1 . CPE wide sources , low prices, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . Currently in our country is dominated PVC window stabilizer by the CPE impact modifiers, especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most factories use CPE. Amount is generally 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other toughening agents , such as rubber , EVA , etc. , the better , but the rubber additives intolerance aging.
(2) ACR methyl methacrylate , copolymers of acrylic acid ester monomer , ACR impact modifier is best developed in recent years , it can increase the impact strength of the material several times . ACR core-shell structure are an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , the rubber elastic body segment to the crosslinked butyl acrylate is formed on the particle distribution of the inner core . In particular, impact modified for outdoor use PVC plastic products , PVC plastic window profiles using as an impact modifier ACR compared with other modifiers have good processing performance , smooth surface, anti-aging , high strength fillet features , but the price is more than CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount of 6-10 parts . Current domestic production manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
(3) MBS is methyl methacrylate , and styrene- butadiene copolymer of the monomers . MBS solubility parameter between 94-9.5 , close to the solubility parameter of PVC , so when good compatibility with PVC , it 's most important feature: After joining PVC products can be made transparent . Usually the person added 10-17 parts of PVC , PVC can be 6-15 times the impact strength , but the amount more than 30 MBS phr , PVC impact strength decreased. MBS itself has good impact resistance, transparency, and Plastic impact modifier light transmittance of more than 90 %, and at the same time to improve the impact resistance of the resin other properties , such as tensile strength , elongation at break little effect . MBS higher price , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS and the like used . MBS poor heat resistance , poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products, generally do not do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (4) SBS styrene , butadiene , styrene ternary block copolymer , also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomers belonging to its structure can be divided into two kinds of star and linear . Ratio of styrene and butadiene SBS is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifier in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS its main role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance. SBS poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products . (5) ABS styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastics , are also used as PVC impact modified, low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective . When added in an amount of 50 parts of ABS , PVC and the impact strength can be quite pure ABS. ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , suitable for long-term outdoor use products, generally do not processing aid do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (6) EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate acid , vinyl acetate is introduced to change the crystallinity of polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA added in an amount of 10 parts or less.
( A ) chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) using the product of HDPE powder was suspended in an aqueous phase chlorination , so as to increase the degree of chlorination of the original crystalline HDPE become amorphous elastomer. Used as a toughening agent C? E, typically containing 25-45 volume % C1 . CPE wide sources , low prices, in addition to a toughening effect , but also has a cold resistance, weather resistance , flame resistance , and chemical resistance . Currently in our country is dominated PVC window stabilizer by the CPE impact modifiers, especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles , most factories use CPE. Amount is generally 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other toughening agents , such as rubber , EVA , etc. , the better , but the rubber additives intolerance aging.
(2) ACR methyl methacrylate , copolymers of acrylic acid ester monomer , ACR impact modifier is best developed in recent years , it can increase the impact strength of the material several times . ACR core-shell structure are an impact modifier , methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer , the rubber elastic body segment to the crosslinked butyl acrylate is formed on the particle distribution of the inner core . In particular, impact modified for outdoor use PVC plastic products , PVC plastic window profiles using as an impact modifier ACR compared with other modifiers have good processing performance , smooth surface, anti-aging , high strength fillet features , but the price is more than CPE, high 1 /3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount of 6-10 parts . Current domestic production manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
(3) MBS is methyl methacrylate , and styrene- butadiene copolymer of the monomers . MBS solubility parameter between 94-9.5 , close to the solubility parameter of PVC , so when good compatibility with PVC , it 's most important feature: After joining PVC products can be made transparent . Usually the person added 10-17 parts of PVC , PVC can be 6-15 times the impact strength , but the amount more than 30 MBS phr , PVC impact strength decreased. MBS itself has good impact resistance, transparency, and Plastic impact modifier light transmittance of more than 90 %, and at the same time to improve the impact resistance of the resin other properties , such as tensile strength , elongation at break little effect . MBS higher price , often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS and the like used . MBS poor heat resistance , poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products, generally do not do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (4) SBS styrene , butadiene , styrene ternary block copolymer , also known as thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomers belonging to its structure can be divided into two kinds of star and linear . Ratio of styrene and butadiene SBS is mainly 30 /70, 40 /60 , 28 / 72 , 48/ 52 several. Mainly used as HDPE, PP, PS impact modifier in an amount 5-15 parts . SBS its main role is to improve the low temperature impact resistance. SBS poor weather, do not suitable for long-term use of outdoor products . (5) ABS styrene ( 40% -50 % ) , butadiene ( 25% -30 % ) , acrylonitrile ( 25% -30 % ) terpolymer used mainly plastics , are also used as PVC impact modified, low-temperature impact modifiers also very effective . When added in an amount of 50 parts of ABS , PVC and the impact strength can be quite pure ABS. ABS is generally added in an amount of 5-20 parts , ABS poor weather , suitable for long-term outdoor use products, generally do not processing aid do plastic window profiles produced by the impact modifier . (6) EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate acid , vinyl acetate is introduced to change the crystallinity of polyethylene , vinyl acetate content of large difference , and the different refractive index EVA and PVC , transparent products is difficult to obtain , therefore , often the EVA resin and used with other impact . EVA added in an amount of 10 parts or less.
2013年12月22日星期日
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profiles analyzed factors discoloration
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profiles influencing factors analysis discoloration discoloration PVC profile extrusion profiles should include the processing, storage and use of the process of aging discoloration ( yellow, dimmed , etc. ) as well as the gloss disappears after aging profiles and chalking phenomenon ( white profiles ) . Which refers to the white profiles are bright and shiny with a product , gloss white powder disappeared and is still a discoloration profile profiles . The color depends on the PVC profile joint action of external and internal conditions. Which external conditions , including UV irradiation , certain temperature, humidity and PVC stabilizer oxygen conditions , air pollution ( dust , sulfur , acid rain , etc. ) ; and internal conditions are PVC degradation HCl molecule itself off . This paper analyzes the impact of external climatic conditions on PVC degradation of color in the start, from the recipe sections discuss heat stabilizers, pigments such as titanium dioxide , and other effects on PVC profile discoloration and the controlling factors. So as to analyze the problem and prevent discoloration of PVC profiles , and provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-end PVC profiles . An external factor profiles discolored 1.1 ultraviolet irradiation
Extraterrestrial solar radiation to a continuous air layer is light spectrum , the wavelength range of 0.7-3000nm, wherein the radiation portion of the 300-400nm UV degradation is mainly caused by the polymer . Energy in the range of 290 ~ 400nm ultraviolet photons is 419 ~ 297kJ / E, the polymer was significantly higher than the bond energy of typical bond . Of course, regional ultraviolet irradiation intensity at different latitudes on Earth is not the same , which determines the different parts of the durability of PVC profiles require different formulations . 1.2 Temperature and humidity
In addition to UV radiation , should aluminium stearate also consider the effects of temperature , humidity and regional climate. As the temperature rises, thermal degradation and photodegradation may overlap, even dominant. This is mainly due to the profile of the infrared absorption of solar light into heat , so that the surface temperature can be high students , can accelerate aging discoloration .
Moisture in the air (humidity ) is one cause of degradation of the PVC . Water can be extracted , and photochemical reactions involved in the hydrolysis of certain pigments or titanium dioxide which affects the PVC degradation. In addition, since the outdoor temperature , condensing moisture in the air condenses on the surface of the profile , wherein the composition contains the oxygen , thereby becoming oxidized water can accelerate the degradation of the polymer . 1.3 Air Pollution
Aging caused by radiation plastic , i.e., the radiation reaches the earth's surface by the direct light of the sun ( " solar radiation" ) and light scattering ( " sky radiation" ) composed of two parts , is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of the light scattering power ( Swiss 's law ) . Airborne particles ( dust ) can cause the scattering of sunlight , which means that short-wave scattering wavelength easier to reach the ground. Thus , the particles suspended in the air that reaches the surface of the ultraviolet light may be PVC stabilizer enhanced to accelerate the degradation of PVC . Sulfur pollution response lead stabilizers for PVC profile system, a relatively high sulfur content in the air conditions , lead stabilizers may occur to generate colored PbS ( black ) . When the profiles are acid rain , in the strong sunlight, acid rain, the remnants of the surface profile generation "HS-" ions , which ions can be dissolved in water and the presence of Pb2 + profile role , can also form precipitates leaving the surface profile generate colored " cure " pollution phenomenon .
Extraterrestrial solar radiation to a continuous air layer is light spectrum , the wavelength range of 0.7-3000nm, wherein the radiation portion of the 300-400nm UV degradation is mainly caused by the polymer . Energy in the range of 290 ~ 400nm ultraviolet photons is 419 ~ 297kJ / E, the polymer was significantly higher than the bond energy of typical bond . Of course, regional ultraviolet irradiation intensity at different latitudes on Earth is not the same , which determines the different parts of the durability of PVC profiles require different formulations . 1.2 Temperature and humidity
In addition to UV radiation , should aluminium stearate also consider the effects of temperature , humidity and regional climate. As the temperature rises, thermal degradation and photodegradation may overlap, even dominant. This is mainly due to the profile of the infrared absorption of solar light into heat , so that the surface temperature can be high students , can accelerate aging discoloration .
Moisture in the air (humidity ) is one cause of degradation of the PVC . Water can be extracted , and photochemical reactions involved in the hydrolysis of certain pigments or titanium dioxide which affects the PVC degradation. In addition, since the outdoor temperature , condensing moisture in the air condenses on the surface of the profile , wherein the composition contains the oxygen , thereby becoming oxidized water can accelerate the degradation of the polymer . 1.3 Air Pollution
Aging caused by radiation plastic , i.e., the radiation reaches the earth's surface by the direct light of the sun ( " solar radiation" ) and light scattering ( " sky radiation" ) composed of two parts , is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of the light scattering power ( Swiss 's law ) . Airborne particles ( dust ) can cause the scattering of sunlight , which means that short-wave scattering wavelength easier to reach the ground. Thus , the particles suspended in the air that reaches the surface of the ultraviolet light may be PVC stabilizer enhanced to accelerate the degradation of PVC . Sulfur pollution response lead stabilizers for PVC profile system, a relatively high sulfur content in the air conditions , lead stabilizers may occur to generate colored PbS ( black ) . When the profiles are acid rain , in the strong sunlight, acid rain, the remnants of the surface profile generation "HS-" ions , which ions can be dissolved in water and the presence of Pb2 + profile role , can also form precipitates leaving the surface profile generate colored " cure " pollution phenomenon .
2013年12月18日星期三
By type and mechanism of PVC heat stabilizers brief
Type of plastic heat stabilizer is a kind of heat stabilizers can prevent or reduce the polymer is heated in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking additives to extend the life of the composite material. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
Heat stabilizers salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic acrylic processing and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost, transparent poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. Fatty acid based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with magnesium hydroxide a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% to 3.0 %.
Composite heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based and organic tin compound-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid.
Organic heat stabilizers: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and metal stabilizers often and with agents that can improve weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article. Mechanism of pvc heat stabilizers and absorption HCL, inhibit autocatalysis. Such stabilizers include lead salts, organic acid metal soaps, organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiolate. They can react with HCL, HCL off PVC suppression response. PVC substitution labile allylic chlorine in the molecule atom suppression de PVC. Organotin stabilizers such as ligand binding molecules and instability occurs PVC chlorine atom, a ligand, a chlorine atom with an unstable organotin substitution. An addition reaction with the polyene structure, the formation of large conjugated system damage and reduce coloration. Unsaturated acid salts or esters containing double bonds, and the PVC molecules conjugated diene double bond addition reaction, thereby destroying the structure of the conjugate, inhibiting discoloration.
Capturing free radicals and prevent the oxidation reaction. As the phenolic heat stabilizer can be added to titanium dioxide block off the HCL, because phenol can be given by H atoms and radical degradation of PVC macromolecular radical coupling, not react with O2 forming material, and a heat stabilizing effect. Such a thermal stabilizer, one or both may have several roles. Ideal for PVC heat stabilizers should be a versatile substance, or a mixture of some of the material, they are able to perform the following functions: First, replacement lively, unstable substituents; second is to absorb and neutralize the release of PVC processing HCL, eliminating autocatalytic degradation of HCL; Third neutralize or inactivate catalytic degradation of metal ions and other harmful impurities; Fourth, through various forms of chemical reactions can be blocked unsaturated bond continues to grow, inhibiting degradation coloring; five is the best shield against ultraviolet protective effect. Generally, heat stabilizers according to their performance with the use of special, very little is used alone, but most of the species in a powder form, some of which are highly toxic chemicals. For ease of use, to prevent dust poisoning, reduce toxic substances or substitute non-toxic substances, at home and abroad in recent years developed a wide variety of composite stabilizer, for example, the world famous German brand composite stabilizer Bear series, the United States, Germany, Japan, Netherlands and other countries, or organotin compound organotin stabilizers have a considerable market in China. Therefore, the development of China's efforts to promote the use of high efficiency, low cost, no dust pollution and toxic or low toxicity of new composite stabilizer is an urgent need for the development of China's plastics industry.
2013年12月16日星期一
PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative
PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative, zinc-based, non-toxic and organic compounds based heat stabilizer is the main direction of development, but the zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers promote the use of a more realistic and market space. Currently, hot zinc-based high-performance, non-toxic heat stabilizer stable performance of foreign brands have approached or reached the level of conventional Chrolinated polyethylene toxic species, there are many domestic manufacturers are also carried out to promote the development and application of zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers, although the overall performance of domestic products to be improved, but there are a lot of products to achieve industrial application, and has appeared in some of the higher levels of high-performance products. But
, The current ratio of domestic consumption of environmentally friendly heat stabilizer is still small, the main reason lies in the use of toxic products, compared with the cost also significantly higher. Seen in this light, the future development of environmentally friendly heat stabilizers, in addition to further improve the performance, you should also focus on improving value for money. To protect the health and survival of our people, the environment and improve the international competitiveness of China's PVC industry and related industries to the EU in urgent need of peer learning, take practical measures and steps to promote the development and Titanium dioxide rutile application of environmentally friendly process heat stabilizers.
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs, extending the life of composite additives. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. (Source Global polyurethane network)
2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with Metal stearate a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%.
3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4) composite heat stabilizer: PVC compound stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5) a thermal stabilizer compounds: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article.
, The current ratio of domestic consumption of environmentally friendly heat stabilizer is still small, the main reason lies in the use of toxic products, compared with the cost also significantly higher. Seen in this light, the future development of environmentally friendly heat stabilizers, in addition to further improve the performance, you should also focus on improving value for money. To protect the health and survival of our people, the environment and improve the international competitiveness of China's PVC industry and related industries to the EU in urgent need of peer learning, take practical measures and steps to promote the development and Titanium dioxide rutile application of environmentally friendly process heat stabilizers.
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs, extending the life of composite additives. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. (Source Global polyurethane network)
2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with Metal stearate a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%.
3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4) composite heat stabilizer: PVC compound stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5) a thermal stabilizer compounds: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article.
2013年12月12日星期四
The main uses of plastics processing aids and recipes
1 , inorganic non-halogen flame retardants account for an important position among alumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide mixed use, you can use a large amount of alumina trihydrate endothermic ( absorbs heat of crystallization water vapor ) , inhibition of the burning surface temperature ; use of magnesium hydroxide to raise the oxygen index and promote charring effect, because the surface of the polymer film can also play with the charring prevent burning effect. In addition , the development of new varieties of antimony oxide is also a non- halogen flame retardant development in another direction . Plasticizers ; are added to plastics to Flame retardant increase the system without affecting the plastic nature of the material properties of the polymer . External plasticizer : generally applied to the polymerization system less volatile high-boiling liquid or low melting solids . Plasticizers : the polymer is introduced during the polymerization to reduce the crystallinity of the polymer chain increases the plasticity of the second monomer material plastics. Primary plasticizer ; both molecules inserted in the amorphous region of the polymer plasticizer is inserted while the crystalline regions , which is also called a plasticizer solvent plasticizer . Auxiliary plasticizer ; inserted only partially crystalline molecular plasticizer amorphous regions of the polymer , the plasticizer, the plasticizer is also called non-solvent . Compatibility: the ability to dissolve the plasticizer and resin mixed with each other , and is one of the most basic requirements of plasticizer . Cohesive energy density (CED): energy per unit volume of solvent evaporation . Solubility parameters : the square root organic pigments of the value of the energy of vaporization per unit volume of solvent. Cloud point (Tc): dilute homogeneous polymer solution and a plasticizer , at a temperature becomes cloudy during cooling . By measuring the cloud point can be estimated plasticizer and resin compatibility. The lower the cloud point , a plasticizer compatible with the polymer , the better. Plasticizing efficiency ; plasticizing efficiency of the resin reaches a certain degree of softness is called the amount of plasticizer plasticizer . Plasticizing efficiency is a relative value , the plasticizer can be used to compare the plasticizing effect . The method used for representing plasticizing efficiency glass transition temperature (Tg) and reduce the decrease in modulus is represented . Oxidation of the polymer is the time increases with the decrease of the performance of the polymer , also known as auto-oxidation . Into the induction period , a strong oxidizing period . Antioxidants ; refers to polymers by oxidation and slow the aging phenomenon can play the role of a class of chemicals. Primary antioxidant ; antioxidant is considered to be the main cleaning agent, a free radical , it is through the coupling reaction ( i.e., the termination reaction) to give a hydrogen atom or to prevent the damaging effects of free radicals in the polymer . Secondary antioxidants ; role of antioxidants is to help decompose the peroxide oxidation of the resulting polymer . Antioxidants including an aid phosphite 2 , 3 thioether antioxidants , metal deactivators metal ion deactivators ; preventing the heavy metal ion induced oxidation of the resulting polymer material , often referred to as metal ions blunt agent or a metal deactivator , a metal chelating agent , also known as copper inhibitors. Stabilizer: to prevent or retard the polymer during processing, storage and use of chemical aging deterioration . Thermal stabilizers ; mainly for PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers , which will not affect the processing and application , but also a certain degree of thermal decomposition of delaying the action of a class of additives. Light stabilizers ; Where can inhibit or slow down the aging of optical oxygen substance called ultraviolet light stabilizer or stabilizers . Radical scavengers : a class of piperidine derivatives light stabilizer with steric effects , referred to as hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) - aging or photoaging : molecular material long-term or short-term exposure to the sun set under strong fluorescence , due to absorption of UV energy , causing auto-oxidation reaction , leading to degradation of the polymer , making the products discoloration, brittleness , performance degradation , which can not be reused. This process is called oxidative aging or photoaging light flame retardants ; able to increase the flame resistance of the material substance called flame retardants. They are mostly first periodic table V, compound VII and combustion speed of the group III element : refers to the length of the sample per unit time of combustion . Synergistic effect : refers to two or more with the use of additives , the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects when used alone . Synergy system : complex flame retardant with the use of the interaction between the flame-retardant to improve performance , the system is called a synergistic effect . Synergistic systems commonly antimony - halogen system , phosphorus halide system, phosphorus - nitrogen system . Burning speed: denotes the length of the sample per unit time of combustion . Burning speed is horizontal and vertical burning combustion method to measure too . Oxygen index: refers to the sample continued to burn like a candle shape , nitrogen - oxygen mixed gas stream must minimum oxygen content. External friction : polymer materials during the molding process , the polymer melt friction between the surface and processing PVC stabilizer equipment . Friction : polymer material during the molding process , the molten polymer molecules exist between friction. Lubricants ; polymer to reduce friction and external friction , improved melt flow plastics , polymer material during processing to prevent the sticking of the device to ensure the surface smoothness of the added substance called lubricant. Lubricants : prior to processing the plastic ingredients , add a certain compatibility with the polymer lubricant and uniformly dispersed into the material , can reduce the friction between the resin molecules sky lubrication. External lubrication in two ways: one is in the polymer material forming the lubricant coated on the surface processing apparatus , allowed to melt at processing temperatures , and the metal surface of a " thin layer " is formed , the plastic melt and processing equipment to isolate, without adhering to the equipment, or ease of stripping off the roll ; another is compatible with the polymer is very small , it is easy to migrate from inside the polymer during processing on the surface, thereby forming a spacer layer material , before the processing of the ingredients added to the plastic dispersion , and migration to the surface during processing , providing lubrication . Mold release agent: Mold and machining the workpiece remain completely chemically inert substance called a release agent . Blowing agents ; make a class of blowing agents are liquid or plastic state within a certain viscosity range of rubber, plastic material forming the microporous structure. Foaming additives: foaming process , and can be used with the blowing agent and to adjust the rate of decomposition of the blowing agent and decomposition temperature of the substance , or to improve the foaming process , the foam stability of the foam structure and improving the quality of the antistatic substance agent ; added to the resin , attached to the fuel or coated plastics , synthetic polymer material surface to prevent static electricity and liquid fuels hazard a class of chemical additives referred to as antistatic agents topical antistatic agents : the use of a coating , spray , dipping or the like so that it is attached to the plastic surface of the fiber , the durability is poor, it is also called temporary antistatic agent. In the antistatic agent used ( or kneaded antistatic agent ) : in the resin during processing ( or in the monomer during polymerization ) was added to the resin composition of an antistatic agent , because it has good durability , and called permanent antistatic agent. Coupling ; are able to improve between the filler and polymer material properties of a class of substances interface . There are two functional groups in its molecular structure : one can react with the polymer matrix , or at least a good chemical compatibility ; another forming a chemical bond with the inorganic filler . Colorants ; changes in the polymer product was added color additives to improve product appearance coloring power : means affect the ability of the paint colors mixed materials , coloring force, the smaller the amount of toner used , the cost is low . Tinting strength toner with their own characteristics , generally , the toner particle size is reduced , increasing the hiding power of the coloring power : the colorant prevents the penetration of light colored products , in other words , the problem is pointed to the size of the toner transparency , the greater the opacity , transparency worse. Mobility: the colorant to the media to material in contact bleeding or migration phenomenon. In general , inorganic salts of organic acids ( lake pigment ) migration is relatively small ; higher molecular weight were relatively low by migration of small . AR agent ; improve the transparency of the crystalline polymer additive generally used in polypropylene plastic , since the crystallization rate of the PP melt is relatively slow , large spherulites are formed easily , thus affecting its transparency. AR agents can join spherulites become microcrystalline structure , improve its transparency. Fluorescent brightener : plastics can increase the whiteness , brightness, making the colors more vibrant substance called optical brighteners. Can absorb invisible ultraviolet light , blue light into longer wavelength visible light or purple . Fungicides : ( biological inhibitors ) inhibit the growth of mold and mildew killing function . Fungicides suitable plastics mainly phenolic compounds , organometallic compounds , halogen-containing organic compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds such as anti-fogging agent : also known as flow drops , the transparent material to prevent damage of a fog additives . Aging: In forming polymer materials , storage, structural changes in the use of the process, gradually lose value phenomenon fill in the blank plastic by nature : thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics. By Use : Universal plastics, engineering plastics . The production process of plastic , polymer, additives, processing equipment are the three main material condition. The main factors affecting the plasticizing analysis: polymer molecular force ( dispersion forces , induced forces and orientation force ) , the degree of crystallinity hydrogen plasticizer , PVC polymer resin is mainly used . Plasticizers increase presses reason : lubricating gel , free volume theory . The theory is generally considered : the plasticized polymer materials , is due to inter- molecular chain of the polymer material weaken the role of aggregation caused . Plasticizer molecules inserted between the polymer chains , the polymer chains between gravity weakens , increasing the mobility of the polymer chains , reduces the crystallinity of the polymer chains , thereby increasing the plastic polymer .
2013年12月9日星期一
PVC external lubricants in providing high-quality PVC products for human
We all know that since industrialization in a long period of time . Most of the use of plastic materials is based on the production of soft PVC products ( such as soft leather, toys, etc. ) based, and the production of soft products rarely require an auxiliary lubricant . Therefore, the titanium dioxide anatase use of the variety and quantity of lubricant inside and outside are very limited. With the continuous development of industrial technology in a variety of raw materials for PVC hard products ( such as tubes, sheets, plates , profiles , etc. ) have been developed rapidly , and these different hardware products due to different processing equipment and technology needs , whether it is for the PVC lubricant from the variety and quantity requirements are made more so , this demand will continue to promote the development and production of the lubricant products. After you add the right amount of lubricant in PVC , can reduce the friction between macromolecules between PVC and PVC particles melt before the melt ; reduce friction between the melt and PVC plastic mechanical contact between surfaces . PVC amount of lubricant can improve melt flow , increase productivity , and to prevent friction and heat caused by the degradation of PVC , PVC products to improve the appearance quality .
With the expansion of the application of PVC products , green ideas for everyone continue to enhance the health of plastics additives , transparency , processability and put forward Zinc stearate strict requirements, which thus contributing to the development and application of the new PVC lubricants . In recent years , PVC lubricants developed rapidly, the proportion of consumption is also on the rise.
PVC external lubricants to provide mankind with high quality PVC products indispensable role . But its product structure adjustment constantly changing , new technology development at a faster rate , an endless stream of new varieties , more sophisticated means of detection , evaluation method is more reasonable. If you do not pay attention Optical brightener to the production of lubricants to the green direction, then the lubricant ring true when bound to be eliminated. Therefore, the proper use of lubricants is critical to the healthy development of the plastics industry . To accomplish this, the production of lubricants businesses should work hard in the restructuring of production . Promote environmentally friendly non-toxic lubricant inside and outside .
With the expansion of the application of PVC products , green ideas for everyone continue to enhance the health of plastics additives , transparency , processability and put forward Zinc stearate strict requirements, which thus contributing to the development and application of the new PVC lubricants . In recent years , PVC lubricants developed rapidly, the proportion of consumption is also on the rise.
PVC external lubricants to provide mankind with high quality PVC products indispensable role . But its product structure adjustment constantly changing , new technology development at a faster rate , an endless stream of new varieties , more sophisticated means of detection , evaluation method is more reasonable. If you do not pay attention Optical brightener to the production of lubricants to the green direction, then the lubricant ring true when bound to be eliminated. Therefore, the proper use of lubricants is critical to the healthy development of the plastics industry . To accomplish this, the production of lubricants businesses should work hard in the restructuring of production . Promote environmentally friendly non-toxic lubricant inside and outside .
2013年12月8日星期日
pvc internal and external lubricant selection principles to develop new direction
pvc internal and external lubricant selection principles
(1) pvc external lubricants generally lower than the melting point of the molding processing temperature 50-60 ℃.
( 2 ) to be reasonable taking into account liquidity, the rate of release of plastics and plasticizers . To balance the internal and external lubricants .
Early ( 3 ) to maintain the system, metaphase, anaphase lubrication integrity.
( 4 ) do not adversely affect the secondary processing ( heat sealing , laminating , printing, etc. ) .
( 5 ) the lubricant in the resin PVC stabilizer for fittings dispersion, the dispersant is added when necessary. ( 6 ) to pay attention to the interaction with other additives ( plasticizers , heat stabilizers , antioxidants , fillers , impact , etc. ) is .
pvc internal and external lubricant previously mainly used for PVC in recent years, the rapid growth in the amount of polyolefins and engineering plastics , the required amount is close to the amount of PVC . Currently , in use , many plastics factory has its own proprietary formula. Recently , the application of polymer blends alloys are widely used, the demand for these products will have great growth. And homopolymer, copolymer compared to the lubricant composition and formulations vary , according to the special requirements of users in research and development , which is a new direction for the development of pvc internal and external lubricant . Production profiles, sheet extrusion , injection molding products , hollow products , blow film are highly transparent products have a high degree of plasticizing , high Aluminum hydroxide liquidity , and therefore require a higher plasticizing rate, so the pvc to more lubricants ; pipe and for the purpose of producing , in its plasticization is preferably 60% to 70% [ 8 , 9 ] , which requires a low rate of some plasticizer , the lubricant should be relatively little outside ; for calendering process , in order to melt the PVC calender rolls easily peeled , external lubricant should be a little more ; while the injection molding process will have as little as possible with external lubricant for external lubrication to minimize the impact of falling weld line strength .
PVC external lubrication balanced Titanium dioxide rutile diversity in fact different types of processing equipment, such as extrusion ( divided into single and twin screw ) , injection molding, calendaring , require different lubrication balance. Strictly speaking, the same equipment , products of different manufacturers , and even the same device with the new balance of old have different lubrication requirements . Different types of products , such as pipes, films, sheets and profiles , and have different lubrication balance.
(1) pvc external lubricants generally lower than the melting point of the molding processing temperature 50-60 ℃.
( 2 ) to be reasonable taking into account liquidity, the rate of release of plastics and plasticizers . To balance the internal and external lubricants .
Early ( 3 ) to maintain the system, metaphase, anaphase lubrication integrity.
( 4 ) do not adversely affect the secondary processing ( heat sealing , laminating , printing, etc. ) .
( 5 ) the lubricant in the resin PVC stabilizer for fittings dispersion, the dispersant is added when necessary. ( 6 ) to pay attention to the interaction with other additives ( plasticizers , heat stabilizers , antioxidants , fillers , impact , etc. ) is .
pvc internal and external lubricant previously mainly used for PVC in recent years, the rapid growth in the amount of polyolefins and engineering plastics , the required amount is close to the amount of PVC . Currently , in use , many plastics factory has its own proprietary formula. Recently , the application of polymer blends alloys are widely used, the demand for these products will have great growth. And homopolymer, copolymer compared to the lubricant composition and formulations vary , according to the special requirements of users in research and development , which is a new direction for the development of pvc internal and external lubricant . Production profiles, sheet extrusion , injection molding products , hollow products , blow film are highly transparent products have a high degree of plasticizing , high Aluminum hydroxide liquidity , and therefore require a higher plasticizing rate, so the pvc to more lubricants ; pipe and for the purpose of producing , in its plasticization is preferably 60% to 70% [ 8 , 9 ] , which requires a low rate of some plasticizer , the lubricant should be relatively little outside ; for calendering process , in order to melt the PVC calender rolls easily peeled , external lubricant should be a little more ; while the injection molding process will have as little as possible with external lubricant for external lubrication to minimize the impact of falling weld line strength .
PVC external lubrication balanced Titanium dioxide rutile diversity in fact different types of processing equipment, such as extrusion ( divided into single and twin screw ) , injection molding, calendaring , require different lubrication balance. Strictly speaking, the same equipment , products of different manufacturers , and even the same device with the new balance of old have different lubrication requirements . Different types of products , such as pipes, films, sheets and profiles , and have different lubrication balance.
2013年12月5日星期四
Calcium stearate uniform fine white powder
Calcium stearate uniform fine white powder. Melting point 145 ℃. Dissolved in toluene, ethanol, benzene and other organic solvents, insoluble in water. When heated to 400 ℃ slowly decomposed, flammable, met decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt. There are absorbent, non-toxic.
Edit this paragraph purposes: heat stabilizers for PVC and other plastic processing lubricants, mold release agents and the like. In rigid products, and the base of lead salts, lead soap can increase the rate of gelation. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and Chrolinated polyethylene other requirements of non-toxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, halogen absorbers to eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on the color and stability. As plasticizers in rubber processing, enabling natural rubber and synthetic rubber to soften the whole, and almost no effect on curing. Also used as polyolefin fibers and molded plastic lubricants, grease thickening agent, textile aluminium stearate waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent, plasticizer manufacturing plastic labels and so on. Also used in pencil manufacturing and medicine, perfume industry. Calcium Stearate Formula: (C17H35COO) 2Ca Molecular Weight: 606 CAS NO.1592-23-0 gravity: 1.08 Technical Specifications: Index name Premium grade First grade Second grade calcium content% 6.5 ± 0.5 6.5 ± 0.6 6.5 ± 0.7 free acid (stearic acid)% ≤ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Heating loss% ≤ 2.0 3.0 3.0 Melting point ℃ 149-155 ≥ 140 ≥ 125 fineness (0.075mm sieve)% ≥ 99.5 99.0 99.0 impurities (grain) ≤ 6 12 - Micro residue (0.063mm sieve remaining)% ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 Whiteness% ≥ 95 90 -
Polyolefins, polyolefin acid neutralizer color stability and corrosion with direct contribution; lubricating / processing aluminium stearate aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides, styrene-based rubber, and extrusion molding (film, fibers, copying, etc.), and press molding workability. For release of thermoplastics, thermoset rubber, and articles, such as polyurethane foam and an unsaturated polyester.
Edit this paragraph purposes: heat stabilizers for PVC and other plastic processing lubricants, mold release agents and the like. In rigid products, and the base of lead salts, lead soap can increase the rate of gelation. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and Chrolinated polyethylene other requirements of non-toxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, halogen absorbers to eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on the color and stability. As plasticizers in rubber processing, enabling natural rubber and synthetic rubber to soften the whole, and almost no effect on curing. Also used as polyolefin fibers and molded plastic lubricants, grease thickening agent, textile aluminium stearate waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent, plasticizer manufacturing plastic labels and so on. Also used in pencil manufacturing and medicine, perfume industry. Calcium Stearate Formula: (C17H35COO) 2Ca Molecular Weight: 606 CAS NO.1592-23-0 gravity: 1.08 Technical Specifications: Index name Premium grade First grade Second grade calcium content% 6.5 ± 0.5 6.5 ± 0.6 6.5 ± 0.7 free acid (stearic acid)% ≤ 0.5 0.5 0.5 Heating loss% ≤ 2.0 3.0 3.0 Melting point ℃ 149-155 ≥ 140 ≥ 125 fineness (0.075mm sieve)% ≥ 99.5 99.0 99.0 impurities (grain) ≤ 6 12 - Micro residue (0.063mm sieve remaining)% ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 Whiteness% ≥ 95 90 -
Polyolefins, polyolefin acid neutralizer color stability and corrosion with direct contribution; lubricating / processing aluminium stearate aids improve the polyolefins, polyamides, styrene-based rubber, and extrusion molding (film, fibers, copying, etc.), and press molding workability. For release of thermoplastics, thermoset rubber, and articles, such as polyurethane foam and an unsaturated polyester.
2013年12月3日星期二
types of composite stabilizer
Are generally pale yellow to yellow-brown oily liquid, specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature, good heat resistance, pollution from sulfur, epoxy plasticizers and stabilizing effect can be improved by, blowing it with the activated species with . 2 liquid calcium zinc complexes
Because of the different components, varied in nature, usually pale yellow to yellow clear oily liquid at room plastic flame retardant temperature gravity of 1.0-1.05. It is non-toxic PVC stabilizer, mainly for food packaging films, containers leather foam stabilizers. 3 basic components include: (1) a barium salt - can be alkylphenols Ba 2 - ethylhexanoate and barium laurate (composite powder used), benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid barium neodecanate barium. Accounting for 6-7% of the barium salt of the compound, i.e., the proportion of cadmium is approximately 2:1-32 (metal note, the percentage by weight, hereinafter the same).
(2) cadmium salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, cadmium laurate, cadmium, cadmium oleate, phenyl, and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium naphthenate, cadmium, cadmium neodecanoate. Approximately 3-4% of the cadmium complexes. (3) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, zinc laurate (composite powder used), zinc naphthenate, zinc neodecanoate, and substituted benzoic acid such as zinc. 0.5-1% zinc in the composite.
4) aliphatic phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) and the like. Phosphite approximately 15-20% (by weight) in the composite, as chelating agents.
(5) Other - includes a small amount organic pigments of 2,6 - tert-butyl-p-cresol, bisphenol A, nonyl phenol antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber, and the liquid paraffin, white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil solvent, and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol.
Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer due to the composition of different nature are different. But is typically a pale yellow to yellow clear liquid, specific gravity 0.95 to 1.02 at room temperature, a viscosity less than 100 centipoise at about freezing point -15 ℃. Liquid barium cadmium zinc cadmium and barium liquid similar to have excellent thermal, light stability, initial color small, good transparency and color stability. Stabilizing effect than their solid soaps strong composite, the dosage can be reduced, usually 2-3 parts, dust poisoning does not occur, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in general, good dispersibility, little tendency to precipitate. Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color liquid barium cadmium smaller than some.
4 low lead salt stabilizer price, good thermal stability, has been widely used, but small lead salt powder, and mixing the ingredients, the dust is inhaled it can cause lead poisoning, for which they developed a scientific and technical personnel new types of composite lead salt heat stabilizer. This symbiotic compound additive reaction techniques using three salts, metal salts and soaps in the reaction system to the nascent lubricants and various grain sizes are mixed in order to ensure sufficient heat dispersion stabilizer in the PVC system , and because of the melting of the lubricant particles, but also to avoid the poisoning caused by lead dust. Inclusive of the lead salt stabilizer compound required for processing heat stabilizer component and a lubricant component, the whole package is referred to as a heat stabilizer. It has the following advantages:
(A) the various components of the composite Flame retardant heat stabilizer may be fully mixed in the production process, the resin is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the dispersion.
(2) mixing the formulation and simplify the measurement of frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about.
(3) simplicity of the materials supply and reserve conducive to production and quality management. (4) provide the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
In short, the composite heat stabilizer scale production conducive to the development of lead salt heat stabilizer provides a new direction. An important indicator of lead salt composite stabilizer is the content of lead, lead salt composite stabilizer lead content of current production is generally 20% -60%; usage in the production of PVC plastic window profiles for 3.5-6 parts
Because of the different components, varied in nature, usually pale yellow to yellow clear oily liquid at room plastic flame retardant temperature gravity of 1.0-1.05. It is non-toxic PVC stabilizer, mainly for food packaging films, containers leather foam stabilizers. 3 basic components include: (1) a barium salt - can be alkylphenols Ba 2 - ethylhexanoate and barium laurate (composite powder used), benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid barium neodecanate barium. Accounting for 6-7% of the barium salt of the compound, i.e., the proportion of cadmium is approximately 2:1-32 (metal note, the percentage by weight, hereinafter the same).
(2) cadmium salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, cadmium laurate, cadmium, cadmium oleate, phenyl, and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium naphthenate, cadmium, cadmium neodecanoate. Approximately 3-4% of the cadmium complexes. (3) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate, zinc laurate (composite powder used), zinc naphthenate, zinc neodecanoate, and substituted benzoic acid such as zinc. 0.5-1% zinc in the composite.
4) aliphatic phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) and the like. Phosphite approximately 15-20% (by weight) in the composite, as chelating agents.
(5) Other - includes a small amount organic pigments of 2,6 - tert-butyl-p-cresol, bisphenol A, nonyl phenol antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber, and the liquid paraffin, white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil solvent, and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol.
Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer due to the composition of different nature are different. But is typically a pale yellow to yellow clear liquid, specific gravity 0.95 to 1.02 at room temperature, a viscosity less than 100 centipoise at about freezing point -15 ℃. Liquid barium cadmium zinc cadmium and barium liquid similar to have excellent thermal, light stability, initial color small, good transparency and color stability. Stabilizing effect than their solid soaps strong composite, the dosage can be reduced, usually 2-3 parts, dust poisoning does not occur, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in general, good dispersibility, little tendency to precipitate. Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color liquid barium cadmium smaller than some.
4 low lead salt stabilizer price, good thermal stability, has been widely used, but small lead salt powder, and mixing the ingredients, the dust is inhaled it can cause lead poisoning, for which they developed a scientific and technical personnel new types of composite lead salt heat stabilizer. This symbiotic compound additive reaction techniques using three salts, metal salts and soaps in the reaction system to the nascent lubricants and various grain sizes are mixed in order to ensure sufficient heat dispersion stabilizer in the PVC system , and because of the melting of the lubricant particles, but also to avoid the poisoning caused by lead dust. Inclusive of the lead salt stabilizer compound required for processing heat stabilizer component and a lubricant component, the whole package is referred to as a heat stabilizer. It has the following advantages:
(A) the various components of the composite Flame retardant heat stabilizer may be fully mixed in the production process, the resin is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the dispersion.
(2) mixing the formulation and simplify the measurement of frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about.
(3) simplicity of the materials supply and reserve conducive to production and quality management. (4) provide the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
In short, the composite heat stabilizer scale production conducive to the development of lead salt heat stabilizer provides a new direction. An important indicator of lead salt composite stabilizer is the content of lead, lead salt composite stabilizer lead content of current production is generally 20% -60%; usage in the production of PVC plastic window profiles for 3.5-6 parts
2013年12月1日星期日
environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80B significant performance
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A is a nontoxic compound efficient lubrication products. Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic Glycerol monostearate polymer composite lubrication is Jianhong lubricant formulations plant the introduction of international advanced technology and processes, using imported raw materials and foreign PVC plastic manufacturing process and material properties, polymer developed excellent internal and external lubricant. Overcome the lack of trouble and slip agents processing performance on the traditional monomer. Add this product safe to use, easy to mix, more stable performance, reasonable adjustment formula in the case, has the following Diethylene glycol dibenzoate remarkable properties:
1, reducing the coefficient of friction between molecules and promote plasticizing, stable and appropriate to reduce the amount of system products; has a good stripping effect, enhancing the surface finish and scratch resistance;
2, the melting point of the product is a wide range of PVC materials significantly enhance the free flow of processing and non-sticky, and thus increase productivity, reduce equipment wear and energy consumption, reduce product defect rate;
3, significant improvement fillers, pigments and other additives in the PVC dispersion resin, may be a corresponding increase in the amount of filler, and to products, color stability, increase the gloss;
4, the product both inside and outside tio2 anatase of the late lubrication before PVC processing, within the recommended dosage is not blooming, no precipitation, with good stability.
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A Scope:
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A is widely used in non-transparent sheet
1, reducing the coefficient of friction between molecules and promote plasticizing, stable and appropriate to reduce the amount of system products; has a good stripping effect, enhancing the surface finish and scratch resistance;
2, the melting point of the product is a wide range of PVC materials significantly enhance the free flow of processing and non-sticky, and thus increase productivity, reduce equipment wear and energy consumption, reduce product defect rate;
3, significant improvement fillers, pigments and other additives in the PVC dispersion resin, may be a corresponding increase in the amount of filler, and to products, color stability, increase the gloss;
4, the product both inside and outside tio2 anatase of the late lubrication before PVC processing, within the recommended dosage is not blooming, no precipitation, with good stability.
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A Scope:
Efficient and environmentally friendly non-toxic polymer composite lubrication P-80A is widely used in non-transparent sheet
2013年11月28日星期四
What are the characteristics of plastic light lubricant
Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .
2013年11月27日星期三
New environmentally friendly calcium zinc stabilizers relatively fast development of complex rapidly
In the chemical industry, production, application of stabilizers is very broad, and more types of stabilizers , including composite stabilizer is the most widely used one . Composite stabilizer , there are many types , including calcium zinc composite stabilizer is a new environmentally friendly composite stabilizer , becoming the choice of many aluminium stearate customers .
Some people may think that low prices lead salt stabilizer , good thermal stability and select it. But this remind you of lead salts are salts of heavy metals , fine powder , once being inhaled, can cause lead poisoning, so in order sake of people's health , calcium zinc composite stabilizer changes the shackles of such a technique . It is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the resin dispersion . Mixing formula , simplified measurement frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about . A simple supply and reserve materials , conducive to the production , quality management . Offers the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
Due to environmental philosophy deeply rooted social , calcium zinc composite stabilizer win broad market rapidly developing world , prospects, countries are optimistic about its potential and its benefits to the environment , and it is its location, unique charm to the world PVC stabilizer prove their role and status can not be replaced , the sustainable development of social stability needed it , but also environmental sustainability need it ! prospects for the development of the industry PVC non-toxic calcium zinc stabilizers tenths promising. Actively committed to the development and production of calcium zinc composite stabilizer. At present , the main products are calcium zinc composite stabilizer , PVC compound stabilizer , composite stabilizer and so on. As a professional production of composite stabilizer business, with advanced production equipment, laboratory Chrolinated polyethylene equipment, testing equipment and professional R & D team , the company from the vital interests of customers, to green for the concept, to provide customers with high safety and environmental protection quality products, welcome customers to choose from.
Some people may think that low prices lead salt stabilizer , good thermal stability and select it. But this remind you of lead salts are salts of heavy metals , fine powder , once being inhaled, can cause lead poisoning, so in order sake of people's health , calcium zinc composite stabilizer changes the shackles of such a technique . It is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the resin dispersion . Mixing formula , simplified measurement frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about . A simple supply and reserve materials , conducive to the production , quality management . Offers the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
Due to environmental philosophy deeply rooted social , calcium zinc composite stabilizer win broad market rapidly developing world , prospects, countries are optimistic about its potential and its benefits to the environment , and it is its location, unique charm to the world PVC stabilizer prove their role and status can not be replaced , the sustainable development of social stability needed it , but also environmental sustainability need it ! prospects for the development of the industry PVC non-toxic calcium zinc stabilizers tenths promising. Actively committed to the development and production of calcium zinc composite stabilizer. At present , the main products are calcium zinc composite stabilizer , PVC compound stabilizer , composite stabilizer and so on. As a professional production of composite stabilizer business, with advanced production equipment, laboratory Chrolinated polyethylene equipment, testing equipment and professional R & D team , the company from the vital interests of customers, to green for the concept, to provide customers with high safety and environmental protection quality products, welcome customers to choose from.
2013年11月24日星期日
Analysis of the principle of a flame retardant
Flame retardants , simply, the object is to prevent combustion additives, the flame retardant effect can reduce the speed of the object and scope of combustion , and can not absolutely prevent burning objects , also known as flame- retardant agent, and therefore , the refractory impact modifier agents or fire retardant . Our flame retardant into inorganic flame retardants , wood paper fabric flame retardant, fire retardant , brominated flame retardants four categories, flame retardant materials in different ways in different add retardant principle basically the same, with small series please go find out. ( 1 ) An article comprising a flame retardant can produce flame smothering extinguishing gas during combustion . Such as antimony trioxide, it encountered due to the combustion of HCL can react with Chrolinated polyethylene a smothering gas quenching , namely antimony oxides of nitrogen in PVC , which play a flame effect. ( 2 ) the heat generated during combustion of the flame retardant material can absorb , from cooling effect of slowing the rate of combustion . Such as aluminum hydroxide , the proportion of the molecule which contains chemically bound water of up to 34 % of this bound water stable at processing temperatures of most plastics , but PVC lubricant more than 200 ℃, begin to decompose , releasing water vapor. And every one mole of aluminum hydroxide decomposition , to absorb 36 kcal. ( 3 ) providing a layer of oxygen barrier layer isolated , self-extinguishing due to the isolation of oxygen , such as the phosphate -based flame retardant that is generated by burning oxygen barrier phosphide barrier layer .
( 4 ) can generate free radicals react with the plastic , they can be the reaction product from the flame retardant plastics .
( 4 ) can generate free radicals react with the plastic , they can be the reaction product from the flame retardant plastics .
2013年11月21日星期四
Brief Introduction synthetic wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment
Whether or papermaking wastewater pretreatment chemical wastewater pretreatment , all belong to the sewage pretreatment kind of sewage treatment in the throat . The frequently used in the pretreatment PVC stabilizer for pipe of aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride , etc. coagulation . We take a look at what is the chemical wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment .
Synthetic wastewater pretreatment
Chemical pretreatment of the waste water system, since the fiber waste acidic or alkaline , so be neutralized before treatment , adjusted to neutral PH value , generally in the acid water and alkali , alkaline neutralization of acid waste , acid may also be used where conditions and water mix . Waste water pH adjustment , the need for pre-treatment to remove SS and oil substances, such as the use of flotation oil, coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and some organic substances in addition to other . Wastewater pretreatment process can improve biodegradability . After the plastic additive pretreatment of waste water into the biological treatment units , most of the organic compounds and other contaminants are effectively removed .
Papermaking wastewater pretreatment
Paper industry wastewater treatment plant can be divided into pre- and off-site pretreatment pretreatment, pretreatment plant is mainly white pulp for recycling water , often using filtration , flotation , etc. for recycling, can avoid a lot of pulp to the wastewater treatment system , both to improve the yield of pulp and save the cost of wastewater treatment ; outside the factory pre- materialized mainly in order to ensure access , biochemical wastewater treatment system to the greatest extent to meet the technical requirements, enables the system to stabilize operation.
No matter what kind of method requires water pretreatment , pretreatment mainly to improve water quality in order Flame retardant to meet the water requirements of the process , to improve the overall effect of waste water treatment , to ensure the stability of the processing system , thus pre- in the paper industry wastewater treatment has a very important position. In addition, wastewater pretreatment , such as lime dosing can be disinfected .
Synthetic wastewater pretreatment
Chemical pretreatment of the waste water system, since the fiber waste acidic or alkaline , so be neutralized before treatment , adjusted to neutral PH value , generally in the acid water and alkali , alkaline neutralization of acid waste , acid may also be used where conditions and water mix . Waste water pH adjustment , the need for pre-treatment to remove SS and oil substances, such as the use of flotation oil, coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and some organic substances in addition to other . Wastewater pretreatment process can improve biodegradability . After the plastic additive pretreatment of waste water into the biological treatment units , most of the organic compounds and other contaminants are effectively removed .
Papermaking wastewater pretreatment
Paper industry wastewater treatment plant can be divided into pre- and off-site pretreatment pretreatment, pretreatment plant is mainly white pulp for recycling water , often using filtration , flotation , etc. for recycling, can avoid a lot of pulp to the wastewater treatment system , both to improve the yield of pulp and save the cost of wastewater treatment ; outside the factory pre- materialized mainly in order to ensure access , biochemical wastewater treatment system to the greatest extent to meet the technical requirements, enables the system to stabilize operation.
No matter what kind of method requires water pretreatment , pretreatment mainly to improve water quality in order Flame retardant to meet the water requirements of the process , to improve the overall effect of waste water treatment , to ensure the stability of the processing system , thus pre- in the paper industry wastewater treatment has a very important position. In addition, wastewater pretreatment , such as lime dosing can be disinfected .
2013年11月20日星期三
Naphthenic acid prepared using aluminum sulphate aluminum soap
Herein, aluminum sulfate prepared using aluminum naphthenate soaps. Naphthenate aluminum soap in the soap is a naphthenic acid . The naphthenic acid soap of calcium naphthenate soaps are not using the sodium and calcium salts of sodium naphthenate ( lime ) for the metathesis reaction from. We are here only for naphthenic acid aluminum soap aluminum hydroxide simple introduction.
What is the naphthenic acid soaps of aluminum sulfate
Aluminum sulfate naphthenic naphthenic acid soap products are aluminum soap , it was yellow viscoplastic solids . Naphthenic acid sodium soap solution and the aqueous aluminum sulfate solution obtained by the reaction of the product. A mixture of a variety of different molecules , the structure is very complex. Insoluble in water. Thickeners for paints and inhibit penetration. Its character as a yellow semi-solid viscous material . Solution: do not dissolve in water, slightly soluble in ethanol , soluble titanium dioxide in benzene , toluene, turpentine , etc. It is used as a varnish driers , but also for the preparation of lubricants.
Preparation of aluminum sulphate aluminum soap reason naphthenic
When aluminum sulfate violently expanding when heated and become a sponge -like material . Thermal decomposition of red burn sulfur trioxide and aluminum oxide. When the relative humidity of about 25% lower weathering . Soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol , the solution is acidic. Long after boiling insoluble basic salt precipitation. The Metallic stearate relative density of 1.62 . Aluminum sulfate is a widely used industrial reagent , usually with alum confusion.
Naphthenate, aluminum sulfate and aluminum soap by double decomposition reaction of sodium soap obtained . And many family members naphthenic acid soap , rich colors. Calcium naphthenate , cobalt naphthenate , lead naphthenate , manganese naphthenate . The cobalt salt is violet blue , lead salt is brown , copper green, amber zinc , manganese salt is brown. They can also be used as pesticides, paint driers and preservatives .
What is the naphthenic acid soaps of aluminum sulfate
Aluminum sulfate naphthenic naphthenic acid soap products are aluminum soap , it was yellow viscoplastic solids . Naphthenic acid sodium soap solution and the aqueous aluminum sulfate solution obtained by the reaction of the product. A mixture of a variety of different molecules , the structure is very complex. Insoluble in water. Thickeners for paints and inhibit penetration. Its character as a yellow semi-solid viscous material . Solution: do not dissolve in water, slightly soluble in ethanol , soluble titanium dioxide in benzene , toluene, turpentine , etc. It is used as a varnish driers , but also for the preparation of lubricants.
Preparation of aluminum sulphate aluminum soap reason naphthenic
When aluminum sulfate violently expanding when heated and become a sponge -like material . Thermal decomposition of red burn sulfur trioxide and aluminum oxide. When the relative humidity of about 25% lower weathering . Soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol , the solution is acidic. Long after boiling insoluble basic salt precipitation. The Metallic stearate relative density of 1.62 . Aluminum sulfate is a widely used industrial reagent , usually with alum confusion.
Naphthenate, aluminum sulfate and aluminum soap by double decomposition reaction of sodium soap obtained . And many family members naphthenic acid soap , rich colors. Calcium naphthenate , cobalt naphthenate , lead naphthenate , manganese naphthenate . The cobalt salt is violet blue , lead salt is brown , copper green, amber zinc , manganese salt is brown. They can also be used as pesticides, paint driers and preservatives .
2013年11月19日星期二
CBN grinding wheel in the stone 's role
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel is grinding carbide , glass,
ceramics , precious stones high hard and brittle material effects tools in
recent years, with high-speed ultra-precision grinding grinding technology
rapid development of grinding wheels made more high demand, ceramic resin
bonded grinding wheel can no longer meet
Production needs, because of its combination of metal bonded grinding wheel ,
high strength, good formability , long life and other significant
characteristics of the production has been widely used by metal-bonded
diamond wheels are manufactured in different ways there are sintered ,
plating two types , in order to give full play to the role of super abrasive
abroad from the 20th century, the Plastic impact modifier early 90s with a high temperature brazing
process to develop a new wheel, which wheel is still in the research and
development stage .
The cutting tool is a grinding wheel , which consists of many small and hard
abrasive particles and adhesive bonding agent made of the porous body .
Directly responsible abrasive cutting work must be sharp and has high
hardness, heat resistance and a toughness. Commonly used abrasive alumina (
also known as corundum ) and silicon carbide two kinds . Alumina-based
abrasive , high hardness, good toughness, suitable for grinding steel
material . Silicon carbide abrasive hardness is higher and more sharp , good
thermal conductivity , but more brittle , suitable for grinding cast iron and
carbide grinding wheel in the grinder as a cutting tool with the workpiece
machining side
France . The method is characterized by:
( 1) Since the abrasive grinding wheel itself has a high hardness and heat
resistance , high hardness can be processed so grinding materials such as
hardened steel , carbide, etc. . ( 2 ) determine Zinc stearate the characteristics of the
grinding wheel and grinding grinding system can make even a trace cutting ,
general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; grinding speed is high , generally up to v = 30
~ 50m / s; grinder stiffness ; using hydraulic transmission, so grinding can
be obtained economically with high precision (IT6 ~ IT5) and a small surface
roughness (Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). Grinding is one of the main methods parts
finishing . ( 3 ) As intense friction , leaving the grinding zone temperature
is high. This will cause the workpiece to produce stress and deformation of
the workpiece surface and even cause burns . Therefore, a lot of grinding
coolant must be injected to reduce the grinding temperature . Also from the
coolant and lubrication chip . ( 4 ) grinding large radial forces . This will
cause the machine - grinding wheel - workpiece system flexibility retreat ,
the actual depth of cut less than the nominal depth of cut . Therefore, the
grinding will be completed when the Optical brightener light is not to be infeed grinding to
remove the error . ( 5 ) After blunt abrasive , grinding force also increased
, resulting in grain crushing or off, re- exposing the sharp edge , this
feature is called " self-sharpening ." Self-sharpening of the grinding head
in a certain period of time to normal, but over a certain working time should
be performed after manual trimming , grinding force increases so as to cause
vibration , noise, and damage the workpiece surface quality.
ceramics , precious stones high hard and brittle material effects tools in
recent years, with high-speed ultra-precision grinding grinding technology
rapid development of grinding wheels made more high demand, ceramic resin
bonded grinding wheel can no longer meet
Production needs, because of its combination of metal bonded grinding wheel ,
high strength, good formability , long life and other significant
characteristics of the production has been widely used by metal-bonded
diamond wheels are manufactured in different ways there are sintered ,
plating two types , in order to give full play to the role of super abrasive
abroad from the 20th century, the Plastic impact modifier early 90s with a high temperature brazing
process to develop a new wheel, which wheel is still in the research and
development stage .
The cutting tool is a grinding wheel , which consists of many small and hard
abrasive particles and adhesive bonding agent made of the porous body .
Directly responsible abrasive cutting work must be sharp and has high
hardness, heat resistance and a toughness. Commonly used abrasive alumina (
also known as corundum ) and silicon carbide two kinds . Alumina-based
abrasive , high hardness, good toughness, suitable for grinding steel
material . Silicon carbide abrasive hardness is higher and more sharp , good
thermal conductivity , but more brittle , suitable for grinding cast iron and
carbide grinding wheel in the grinder as a cutting tool with the workpiece
machining side
France . The method is characterized by:
( 1) Since the abrasive grinding wheel itself has a high hardness and heat
resistance , high hardness can be processed so grinding materials such as
hardened steel , carbide, etc. . ( 2 ) determine Zinc stearate the characteristics of the
grinding wheel and grinding grinding system can make even a trace cutting ,
general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; grinding speed is high , generally up to v = 30
~ 50m / s; grinder stiffness ; using hydraulic transmission, so grinding can
be obtained economically with high precision (IT6 ~ IT5) and a small surface
roughness (Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). Grinding is one of the main methods parts
finishing . ( 3 ) As intense friction , leaving the grinding zone temperature
is high. This will cause the workpiece to produce stress and deformation of
the workpiece surface and even cause burns . Therefore, a lot of grinding
coolant must be injected to reduce the grinding temperature . Also from the
coolant and lubrication chip . ( 4 ) grinding large radial forces . This will
cause the machine - grinding wheel - workpiece system flexibility retreat ,
the actual depth of cut less than the nominal depth of cut . Therefore, the
grinding will be completed when the Optical brightener light is not to be infeed grinding to
remove the error . ( 5 ) After blunt abrasive , grinding force also increased
, resulting in grain crushing or off, re- exposing the sharp edge , this
feature is called " self-sharpening ." Self-sharpening of the grinding head
in a certain period of time to normal, but over a certain working time should
be performed after manual trimming , grinding force increases so as to cause
vibration , noise, and damage the workpiece surface quality.
2013年11月15日星期五
Correct view of non-halogenated flame retardants problem
According to whether they contain halogen elements ( mainly bromine and chlorine ) , flame retardants and halogenated flame retardants can be divided into two major categories of non-halogen flame retardants . Among them, halogenated flame retardants ( mainly brominated flame retardants ) development of an early start , mature technology, the number has nearly a hundred species , common products decaBDE , decabromodiphenyl ethane, tetrabromobisphenol phenol a, six HBCD , etc. ; rather late start flame retardants , common products, including phosphate, red phosphorus and organic pigments other phosphorus-based flame retardants, such as melamine familiar to the public as well as nitrogen-containing flame retardants hydroxide aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide flame retardants and inorganic minerals . At present, China modified plastics used in halogen flame retardant mainly electrical and electronic products contain halogenated flame retardants . Therefore, in the Chinese market , halogen flame retardant has a pivotal position , and showed a steady growth momentum of development.
Halogen electronic appliances has become one of the issues the industry must face . The origin and development of non-halogenated background comprehensive understanding of non-halogenated problem , we must first understand the history of halogen elements . "Halogen " is a Greek word meaning " salt produced stuff" , a halogen or a halogen element is stearate aluminum bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine and astatine five kinds of chemical elements in general. Bromide is mainly used in insecticides and fumigants and other products, but also the main ingredient of many drugs , such as anti- histamine drugs and painkillers . Of course , by far , the most important is the use of bromide manufacture brominated flame retardants. Halogen-free and have a correct view of halogen-free flame retardants and halogen- halogen flame retardants have different performance , strengths and weaknesses and areas of application , should not be selective . Regulators , industry organizations and industry chain should focus on the individual has problems even by some potassium stearate regulations prohibit products, rather than a stick and killed a category of products , such as all or halogen flame retardant halogen-free flame retardants. We should be aware that only indicates that the flame retardant halogen-free does not contain bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine, astatine these five halogen elements , neither on behalf of environmental protection, can not represent the whole industry development direction. Balanced and coordinated development of different flame retardants should play their respective role in fire safety .
Halogen electronic appliances has become one of the issues the industry must face . The origin and development of non-halogenated background comprehensive understanding of non-halogenated problem , we must first understand the history of halogen elements . "Halogen " is a Greek word meaning " salt produced stuff" , a halogen or a halogen element is stearate aluminum bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine and astatine five kinds of chemical elements in general. Bromide is mainly used in insecticides and fumigants and other products, but also the main ingredient of many drugs , such as anti- histamine drugs and painkillers . Of course , by far , the most important is the use of bromide manufacture brominated flame retardants. Halogen-free and have a correct view of halogen-free flame retardants and halogen- halogen flame retardants have different performance , strengths and weaknesses and areas of application , should not be selective . Regulators , industry organizations and industry chain should focus on the individual has problems even by some potassium stearate regulations prohibit products, rather than a stick and killed a category of products , such as all or halogen flame retardant halogen-free flame retardants. We should be aware that only indicates that the flame retardant halogen-free does not contain bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine, astatine these five halogen elements , neither on behalf of environmental protection, can not represent the whole industry development direction. Balanced and coordinated development of different flame retardants should play their respective role in fire safety .
2013年11月11日星期一
Flame retardant mechanism of some analysis
The purpose of the implementation of flame retardant technology , such non-flame retardant materials , flame retardant performance , under certain conditions, can not easily burn or extinguish . Non- retardant materials with flame retardant properties , the most direct way is to add flame retardants in the material . Xiaobian for you about flame retardant mechanism analysis and classification .
1, the combustion flame to be carbonized , to organic pigments achieve the flame-retardant effect . The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the solid phase , in this category are mainly phosphorus flame retardant material ( including organic and inorganic phosphorus phosphorus ) .
2 , formed under the conditions in the combustion flame is not volatile diaphragm , isolated from the air reaches retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the liquid phase . Retardant materials in this category are mainly borates , halides , antimony oxide and phosphorus -based material , or several materials which reflect the interaction between substances generated . 3, the heat of combustion of the magnesium stearate combustible material dispersion and dilution. Such fire-retardant material is mainly zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide and other substances, mainly due to the endothermic decomposition of a large , non-combustible material dilution resulting combustible gas flame to achieve the objective .
4 , flame retardants decomposition products will be cut off so as to achieve a chain reaction of hydroxyl radicals retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the gas phase . The material in this category are mainly play a role in the gas phase . Such flame retardant and antimony oxide are mainly halide .
Flame retardant products, generally to choose non-toxic, non-polluting products, fire retardant products produced by PVC foaming board stabilizer our company , there are halogen-free flame retardants, wood flame retardants, brominated flame retardants , in addition to sales of magnesium hydroxide , active magnesium oxide , light magnesium oxide flame retardant products .
1, the combustion flame to be carbonized , to organic pigments achieve the flame-retardant effect . The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the solid phase , in this category are mainly phosphorus flame retardant material ( including organic and inorganic phosphorus phosphorus ) .
2 , formed under the conditions in the combustion flame is not volatile diaphragm , isolated from the air reaches retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the liquid phase . Retardant materials in this category are mainly borates , halides , antimony oxide and phosphorus -based material , or several materials which reflect the interaction between substances generated . 3, the heat of combustion of the magnesium stearate combustible material dispersion and dilution. Such fire-retardant material is mainly zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide and other substances, mainly due to the endothermic decomposition of a large , non-combustible material dilution resulting combustible gas flame to achieve the objective .
4 , flame retardants decomposition products will be cut off so as to achieve a chain reaction of hydroxyl radicals retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the gas phase . The material in this category are mainly play a role in the gas phase . Such flame retardant and antimony oxide are mainly halide .
Flame retardant products, generally to choose non-toxic, non-polluting products, fire retardant products produced by PVC foaming board stabilizer our company , there are halogen-free flame retardants, wood flame retardants, brominated flame retardants , in addition to sales of magnesium hydroxide , active magnesium oxide , light magnesium oxide flame retardant products .
2013年11月10日星期日
Fire hazards flame retardants play a major role
In our lives , often exposed to various substances, including , most contact is plastic , plastic industry, to give our lives has brought great convenience, but also brings some hazards are not chromium oxide small , we all know , plastic products are flammable , many fires and expanded with the plastic products have a great relationship , bring us a lot of fire damage or even disaster , how to reduce or inhibit the occurrence of such disasters that ? Flame retardants, play a very important role.
As a new type of flame retardant materials , also known as fire retardant or fire retardant, to give a flammable polymer flame-retardant functional additives . In daily life and its role is more and more obvious , textile flame retardants, wood flame retardants, halogen-free flame retardants such as product development , we can see a flame retardant for an important role in modern society .
Flame retardant effect is that the flame flammable products added to the products, so that these products epoxidation of soybean oil become flame flammable substances. Among these substances when burned , so the ignition time increased , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Play a role in preventing burning flame in large part for the fire fighting and rescue fire scene , reduce losses , play a significant role.
Flame retardant series products have been in research, development , new flame retardant better performance, non-toxic, more effective to prevent burning phenomenon. So fire away from us .
As a new type of flame retardant materials , also known as fire retardant or fire retardant, to give a flammable polymer flame-retardant functional additives . In daily life and its role is more and more obvious , textile flame retardants, wood flame retardants, halogen-free flame retardants such as product development , we can see a flame retardant for an important role in modern society .
Flame retardant effect is that the flame flammable products added to the products, so that these products epoxidation of soybean oil become flame flammable substances. Among these substances when burned , so the ignition time increased , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Play a role in preventing burning flame in large part for the fire fighting and rescue fire scene , reduce losses , play a significant role.
Flame retardant series products have been in research, development , new flame retardant better performance, non-toxic, more effective to prevent burning phenomenon. So fire away from us .
Flame retardant plastics must be added
Everywhere in our lives, plastic products , plastic products in people's lives , the most widely used of a class of substances. We all know that plastics have flammable properties , life, many of dibasic lead stearate the fire accidents , mostly caused by the combustion of plastic products , in order to protect people's safety and reduce fire hazard , plastic products in the course of processing , be sure to add flame retardants.
Combustion flame has prevented the material properties , the main demand for a flame retardant plastic , delay or prevent the plastic polymer plastics , especially burning. Increase the time it lit , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Flame retardant additive is one of the important plastics processing , it can make plastic with flame retardant , self-extinguishing and smoke , thereby improving the safety performance of plastic products . On production and consumption , the current flame has low molecular polyethylene become second plasticizer plastics additives, flame retardants consumption worldwide has more than 100 million tons. Flame retardant product selection , to comply with the following general requirements. ( 1 ) flame retardant , high efficiency ; ( 2 ) flame retardants with non-toxic , non-irritating odor properties , flame retardant process does not release toxic gases and smoke a lot . ( 3) The flame retardant has a good compatibility with the material can be uniformly dispersed in the plastic products , not carbon black with plastics chemical reaction of the other components , does not affect the color and surface finish of plastic , and will not reduce the plastic the mechanical properties , electrical properties and other performance.
( 4 ) flame retardants in a wide range of different properties , in accordance with the use of different methods can be divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Additive flame retardant used for thermoplastics , is the largest amount of flame retardants , about 90% of total world retardants . The reactive flame retardant is used for thermosetting plastics .
2013年11月7日星期四
The configuration of the flame retardant treatment solution
"Fire escape" Wood retardant and water ratio is generally 1:4-1:6 (weight ratio), the more difficult to recommend the use of wood fire retardant treatment solution higher concentrations.
Fire-retardant treated wood:
General treatment using the vacuum Plastic impact modifier pressure, the vacuum time is usually 30-60 minutes before, most broadleaf forest (such as birch, linden, elm) pressing time is 30-45 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 trillion fear. Red pine infusion time is 2-3 hours at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, impregnation depth 8-10 mm.
Each time after the treatment liquid can be recycled, the concentration of the treatment solution does not change due to the number of treated wood and change. Retardant lumber production process - vacuum pressure impregnation profile:
1 kg in the container into the amount stearate aluminum of water, add wood flame, stirring, dissolving into the wood fire retardant transparent solution;
(2) high-pressure impregnation of wood into the pot, cover lid;
3 is evacuated to 600 ~ 650 mm Hg, for 30 to 60 minutes; 4 retardant tank timber opens the connection of the valve, depend on the vacuum pressure impregnation of wood flame into the tank, filled with a flame retardant impregnation of wood cans vacuum was released, close the PVC shoes stabilizer vacuum valve; 5. slowly pressurized to 1.2 ~ 1.4MPa, and maintained for 2 to 4 hours;
6 Wood Flame absorption: Dry Wood Flame / dry timber = 10 to 15%. Take 4 to 6 in advance with the specifications of timber, label, weighing, the sample dispersion into the dipping tank; immersion period, remove the sample, weighed to calculate the absorption retardant timber. If insufficient absorption retardant timber, extending the immersion time.
Fire-retardant treated wood:
General treatment using the vacuum Plastic impact modifier pressure, the vacuum time is usually 30-60 minutes before, most broadleaf forest (such as birch, linden, elm) pressing time is 30-45 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 trillion fear. Red pine infusion time is 2-3 hours at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, impregnation depth 8-10 mm.
Each time after the treatment liquid can be recycled, the concentration of the treatment solution does not change due to the number of treated wood and change. Retardant lumber production process - vacuum pressure impregnation profile:
1 kg in the container into the amount stearate aluminum of water, add wood flame, stirring, dissolving into the wood fire retardant transparent solution;
(2) high-pressure impregnation of wood into the pot, cover lid;
3 is evacuated to 600 ~ 650 mm Hg, for 30 to 60 minutes; 4 retardant tank timber opens the connection of the valve, depend on the vacuum pressure impregnation of wood flame into the tank, filled with a flame retardant impregnation of wood cans vacuum was released, close the PVC shoes stabilizer vacuum valve; 5. slowly pressurized to 1.2 ~ 1.4MPa, and maintained for 2 to 4 hours;
6 Wood Flame absorption: Dry Wood Flame / dry timber = 10 to 15%. Take 4 to 6 in advance with the specifications of timber, label, weighing, the sample dispersion into the dipping tank; immersion period, remove the sample, weighed to calculate the absorption retardant timber. If insufficient absorption retardant timber, extending the immersion time.
Which uses magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide is a white crystal or powder. English Name: Magnesium hydroxide Molecular formula: Mg (OH) 2 Molecular weight: 58.32 aqueous alkaline. Bulk density: 2.36g/cm3. Soluble in acid and ammonium salt solution, almost insoluble in water and alcohol. Solubility in water (18 ℃) is 0.0009g/100g. Easy to absorb carbon dioxide in air. In PVC stabilizer for cable the alkaline solution is heated to above 200 ℃ becomes hexagonal crystal system. At 350 ℃ decomposition of magnesium oxide and water. Higher than 500 ℃, lose water into magnesium oxide.
Use of abundant local resources through scientific process underground brine synthesis of new products, the indicators can be based on user needs and the size and design and production. Excellent quality, from the professional production. "Magnesium tyrants" brand of high-purity low molecular polyethylene magnesium is your ideal choice. Uses: magnesium hydroxide is a plastic, rubber excellent flame retardant. Widely used in PP, PE, EVA, PVC, ABS, HIPS, PA, epoxy, rubber, paint. As Mg (OH) 2 the thermal decomposition temperature (310 ° C) is high, is more suitable for processing high temperature engineering plastics such as nylon 6 (PA6, PA66). Generally, the flame retardant aluminum hydroxide ATH index, the oxygen index has been significantly improved, and the magnesium hydroxide MH better effect on the smoke, and thus, in actual use, they are complex in order to achieve Flame and smoke the better results.
Use of abundant local resources through scientific process underground brine synthesis of new products, the indicators can be based on user needs and the size and design and production. Excellent quality, from the professional production. "Magnesium tyrants" brand of high-purity low molecular polyethylene magnesium is your ideal choice. Uses: magnesium hydroxide is a plastic, rubber excellent flame retardant. Widely used in PP, PE, EVA, PVC, ABS, HIPS, PA, epoxy, rubber, paint. As Mg (OH) 2 the thermal decomposition temperature (310 ° C) is high, is more suitable for processing high temperature engineering plastics such as nylon 6 (PA6, PA66). Generally, the flame retardant aluminum hydroxide ATH index, the oxygen index has been significantly improved, and the magnesium hydroxide MH better effect on the smoke, and thus, in actual use, they are complex in order to achieve Flame and smoke the better results.
2013年11月1日星期五
Titanium dioxide in the garment and textile industry, the role of
Titanium dioxide is not just paint, paint and some other industrial sectors, "apple", but also some of the production and living supplies industry love. Such as cosmetics industry, garment and textile industry and so on. Here we take a look at the garment and textile pvc additive industry, titanium dioxide effect. Garment and textile industry is an important part of the chemical fiber industry, while titanium dioxide is a chemical fiber industry indispensable quality raw materials. Titanium dioxide matting agent added only to the chemical fiber matting play an important role, and polymer properties of the fiber, machine wear, the life cycle of the filter assembly, the breakage rate of spinning, the fiber physical and mechanical properties of impact, and therefore, the extinction dosage should not be too high, you should select the degree to which the extinction, in general, the amount tio2 rutile of titanium dioxide is added between 0.1% -0.3% when semidull, adding 0.5% to 2.5% as dull. Generally, in practice, the added amount of titanium dioxide 0.2% -0.5% of the extinction and can achieve a good whitening effect, obtained with the natural fiber of similar opacity, and the fiber strength, elongation no significant effect .
With the vigorous development of China's garment industry, chemical industry output is proportional to the development of chemical fiber and chemical fiber with titanium dioxide and black iron oxide total consumption is proportional to the fiber consumption will vary with the titanium dioxide industry growth and money increase dramatically. Next few years, the market demand for fiber with titanium dioxide or will gradually increase, production and sales of chemical fiber with titanium dioxide or profit growth point.
With the vigorous development of China's garment industry, chemical industry output is proportional to the development of chemical fiber and chemical fiber with titanium dioxide and black iron oxide total consumption is proportional to the fiber consumption will vary with the titanium dioxide industry growth and money increase dramatically. Next few years, the market demand for fiber with titanium dioxide or will gradually increase, production and sales of chemical fiber with titanium dioxide or profit growth point.
Magnesium hydroxide classification and presentation
Magnesium when heated (340-490 degrees) decomposes to absorb the combustion flame retardant surface heat; while releasing heat stabilizer for panel large amounts of water dilute combustible surface oxygen, decomposition of the active magnesium oxide attached to combustible surfaces to prevent further the burning proceed. Magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in the whole process not only does not produce any harmful substances, and its decomposition products in a fire, while also able to absorb a lot of rubber, plastics and other polymer produced by combustion of harmful gases and smoke, constantly absorbing active magnesium oxide unburned melt residues butyl stearate from the combustion stop soon while eliminating smoke, preventing droplet, is an emerging environmentally friendly inorganic flame retardants.
Flame retardants can be classified according to the chemical composition of organic and inorganic flame retardants two categories. Organic phosphorus flame retardants are divided into two series, and halogen. Since the existence of organic flame retardants toxic decomposition products, smoke and other shortcomings, are gradually being titanium dioxide replaced by inorganic flame retardants.
The main varieties are inorganic flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, in which aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide due to the endothermic decomposition of large and produce H2O can play the role of the absence of air, its decomposition temperature oxide material is therefore two kinds of flame retardants can not only play the role, but also can play a role in filling, it has no corrosive halogen gas and harmful gases, non-volatile, long lasting, non-toxic, smokeless, no drip characteristics.
Flame retardants can be classified according to the chemical composition of organic and inorganic flame retardants two categories. Organic phosphorus flame retardants are divided into two series, and halogen. Since the existence of organic flame retardants toxic decomposition products, smoke and other shortcomings, are gradually being titanium dioxide replaced by inorganic flame retardants.
The main varieties are inorganic flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, in which aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide due to the endothermic decomposition of large and produce H2O can play the role of the absence of air, its decomposition temperature oxide material is therefore two kinds of flame retardants can not only play the role, but also can play a role in filling, it has no corrosive halogen gas and harmful gases, non-volatile, long lasting, non-toxic, smokeless, no drip characteristics.
2013年10月31日星期四
Titanium dioxide industry should focus on some of the issues of environmental protection
Environment is the only place where we live , Mother Earth as we deal with every day in excess of garbage , but apparently excessive garbage Mother Earth has been unable to make too much for us to do things . So no matter what we have to first think of our living environment . For Acrylic processing aid environmental protection is titanium dioxide industry is no exception , then we go to see the titanium dioxide industry it.
With the deepening awareness of environmental protection , a lot of the industry's products are increasingly focused on adding environmental elements. Titanium dioxide industry , but also should pay attention to protect the environment. Focus on product quality , environmentally friendly products concerned .
As we all know , paper, steel , coal and other heavy polluting industries belong , in the paper industry applications also belong to the heavy pollution of titanium products, titanium dioxide industry also belong to the heavily polluting industries. With the relevant departments of the importance of high- polluting industries , the Department is developing titanium dioxide industry 's pollution control policies . Many companies also titanium dioxide strengthened titanium dioxide for the prevention and treatment of pollutants , and strive to do a good job fast pace of transformation and upgrading . As we all know, the chemical name is titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide, which is recognized as the world's best performance of white pigment . While pollution is a major problem, but titanium dioxide business environment very seriously . Because, as long as they focus on the environment , the enterprise has a better development . A business to long-term development , in addition to high -quality products and quality services , but also should have some sense of social responsibility . After all, is a commercial society , in the family exist, and can not simply not pay attention to the development of the views of the people around . In the development of enterprises do not care about an important part of environmental protection . Companies only care about their Plastic chemical own economic development , but also pay attention to social benefits, in order to have a longer-term development .
Titanium dioxide industry needs to pay attention to environmental protection , which is a manifestation of social responsibility . Of course, the titanium dioxide industry , there are many companies to focus on quality and titanium dioxide business environment , will combine to make the idea as a business development momentum.
With the deepening awareness of environmental protection , a lot of the industry's products are increasingly focused on adding environmental elements. Titanium dioxide industry , but also should pay attention to protect the environment. Focus on product quality , environmentally friendly products concerned .
As we all know , paper, steel , coal and other heavy polluting industries belong , in the paper industry applications also belong to the heavy pollution of titanium products, titanium dioxide industry also belong to the heavily polluting industries. With the relevant departments of the importance of high- polluting industries , the Department is developing titanium dioxide industry 's pollution control policies . Many companies also titanium dioxide strengthened titanium dioxide for the prevention and treatment of pollutants , and strive to do a good job fast pace of transformation and upgrading . As we all know, the chemical name is titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide, which is recognized as the world's best performance of white pigment . While pollution is a major problem, but titanium dioxide business environment very seriously . Because, as long as they focus on the environment , the enterprise has a better development . A business to long-term development , in addition to high -quality products and quality services , but also should have some sense of social responsibility . After all, is a commercial society , in the family exist, and can not simply not pay attention to the development of the views of the people around . In the development of enterprises do not care about an important part of environmental protection . Companies only care about their Plastic chemical own economic development , but also pay attention to social benefits, in order to have a longer-term development .
Titanium dioxide industry needs to pay attention to environmental protection , which is a manifestation of social responsibility . Of course, the titanium dioxide industry , there are many companies to focus on quality and titanium dioxide business environment , will combine to make the idea as a business development momentum.
Anatase titanium dioxide synthesis of some of the elaborate
Divided titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide two categories, but their production and synthesis method is not the same? Of course, is not the same, different titanium dioxide has a different production technology and production formula , and now we look anatase titanium dioxide synthesis methods and production processes it.
1 , the use of leaching firing . Containing 95% or more of natural barium oxide and anthracite 3:01 ( mass ) mixed plastic processing aid feed barium sulfate , crushed to a diameter of about 2 cm below the reduction furnace , oven temperature control before 1000 1200 ℃ after the first 500? 600 ℃ , 80 , in turn reducing the speed of the furnace , the reaction conversion rate of 80% ? 90% of the sulfide obtained in the rotating extractor , the temperature control to 65 ℃ above , barium , barium sulfide content is 701 % and further refinement of the cylinder of zinc sulfate was added to clarify the reaction , zinc sulfate content of more than 28 % of the lead stearate control , pH value of 8-9 , and the resulting mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide has a density of 1.296 ? 1.357 g ╱ cc . Frame after pressing , the reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a cake , such as anatase type titanium dioxide , the water content of not more than 45 %, thus changing the crystal was dried calcined calcined anatase titania, and 80 ℃, temperature , using sulfuric acid. Finally wash, enhanced toner, pressure filtration, drying and grinding. 2, the prepared solution , barium sulfide , barite firing . Compressed zinc sulfate solution, the reaction with sulfuric acid and zinc oxide , po PVC stabilizer for wire prepared by the metathesis reaction , to obtain a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate precipitation, and the precipitate was filtered under pressure , calcination, wet milling , drying, crushing , lithopone to be finished. He BAS zinc sulfide barium sulfate →
3, with the right system common titanium dioxide calcined product obtained by beating to , washed successively with sodium silicate , sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum and a surface active agent for surface treatment , and then filtered , washed with water , dried , possibly .
1 , the use of leaching firing . Containing 95% or more of natural barium oxide and anthracite 3:01 ( mass ) mixed plastic processing aid feed barium sulfate , crushed to a diameter of about 2 cm below the reduction furnace , oven temperature control before 1000 1200 ℃ after the first 500? 600 ℃ , 80 , in turn reducing the speed of the furnace , the reaction conversion rate of 80% ? 90% of the sulfide obtained in the rotating extractor , the temperature control to 65 ℃ above , barium , barium sulfide content is 701 % and further refinement of the cylinder of zinc sulfate was added to clarify the reaction , zinc sulfate content of more than 28 % of the lead stearate control , pH value of 8-9 , and the resulting mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide has a density of 1.296 ? 1.357 g ╱ cc . Frame after pressing , the reaction mixture was filtered to obtain a cake , such as anatase type titanium dioxide , the water content of not more than 45 %, thus changing the crystal was dried calcined calcined anatase titania, and 80 ℃, temperature , using sulfuric acid. Finally wash, enhanced toner, pressure filtration, drying and grinding. 2, the prepared solution , barium sulfide , barite firing . Compressed zinc sulfate solution, the reaction with sulfuric acid and zinc oxide , po PVC stabilizer for wire prepared by the metathesis reaction , to obtain a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate precipitation, and the precipitate was filtered under pressure , calcination, wet milling , drying, crushing , lithopone to be finished. He BAS zinc sulfide barium sulfate →
3, with the right system common titanium dioxide calcined product obtained by beating to , washed successively with sodium silicate , sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum and a surface active agent for surface treatment , and then filtered , washed with water , dried , possibly .
2013年10月30日星期三
plasticizer compatibility of the polymer is good or bad in accordance with the trial and experience to determine
Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester, a few are a low melting solid, they do not generally react with PVC. Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility, low price, high plasticization efficiency, plasticized speed, durability (low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance), environmental stability good (light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant), health is good (to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non-polluting, tasteless), electrical insulation, good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the aluminium distearate conditions. In actual use, the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore, to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic, beautiful appearance; plastic sheeting requirements harmless to crops, light, heat; wire and cable materials are the main PVC window stabilizer requirements and good electrical insulation. In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should also focus on the selection of the following factors: PVC resin performance; product performance required; plasticizer processing adaptability, cost. Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself, compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered. Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency, plasticizers no segregation, no exudation, product flexibility and long service life. In the production practice, plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins, and a suitable solvent by mixing, to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film, its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility, fuzzy means poor compatibility. Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No vegetable stearic acid description plasticizer exudation good compatibility, oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse. According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar. Thus, the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer. Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity, dipole moment, and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds. Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC, plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter, dielectric constant of 4-8.
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