The main role of intenal lubricant and its presentation

 intenal lubricant When the temperature reached 190 ℃, the primary particles begin to melt , polar lubricant , because good
compatibility with polyvinyl chloride , polyvinyl integrate most of the melt, the melt from the plasticizing effect in the . Due to
the non-polar lubricant solution compatible with Titanium dioxide rutile  the PVC melt is very small, most of the surface and pressed onto the interface
between the melt processing equipment , then, the metal melt is not a direct movement contacts , but with the viscosity of the lubricant liquid layer small stationary contact , the friction coefficient is less than a direct contact with the metal to be
smaller , which play an external lubricant is a lubricant such reasons . Tofurther illustrate the various stages of different
plastics processing requirements for lubricants , now extrusion PVC example: internal and external lubricant to illustrate the
major role played by the various parts of the processing machinery . Early  lubricant effect. This is a segment from the feed
zone to compress the time zone. PVC is mixed in the region and starts plasticization . Here the lubricant required to increase the
fluidity of the plastic to ensure smooth Calcium stearate  feeding . Therefore , in this region the main functions within the lubrication .  mid-
lubricant effect area. This is the region of the compression section to the metering section , and plasticized polyvinyl chloride
powder is completed here , in this process, the lubricant is required to reduce the friction during the flow of plastic to ensure
that the melt flow . Therefore , in this area mainly outside the lubrication function , intenal lubricant within the lubricant can
be reduced , but the melt flow , is also indispensable .  post lubrication. This is from the metering section to the metal mold
area. Here the melt is pressurized and fed into the molding die . In this region, the lubricant can reduce the required adhesion
between the melt and the mold surface , to facilitate the release , it is still the primary role of the lubricant . Since the
integral process , the general inner and outer lubrication of both the lubricant or lubricant compound . The role of the second
chapter of a lubricant to reduce melt viscosity in general, low melt viscosity , good fluidity , easy molding . Increasing the
temperature increases the thermal energy of the molecular motion , the relative reduction of the intermolecular forces , the melt
viscosity decreased, increased mobility . Polyvinyl chloride resin decomposition temperature of about 130 ~ 140 ℃, well below the
processing temperature of rigid PVC (185 ~ 205 ℃), so that by increasing the temperature to reduce the viscosity of the resin melt
is limited. Therefore, raising the temperature also means increased energy consumption , while extending the product cooling time ,
reducing production efficiency. Reducing the Stabilizers for pipe  molecular weight of the resin , the resin viscosity can be reduced while also reducing
the Vicat softening point and other mechanical properties. Adding a lubricant , and its purpose is to reduce the melt viscosity of
the resin to improve the fluidity of the polymer . 2 , to promote inter- capillary adsorption ( chemisorption ) Due to the
plasticizing effect of the lubricant with polar , plasticized resin is formed in front of the gap between the resin particles to
the segment between the resin particles and molecules . Junction by polar group phase lubricant into Los combined with resin chain , thus weakening the force between the resin particles and molecules between thechain is broken . In this case, the branch
subjected to heat and shear force , the molecular chains of the resin can be easily entangled original stretch , each expansion ,
penetration, the boundaries between the resin particles disappear , thus promoting plasticization . 3, to reduce the frictional
heat , the friction material is typically a thermoplastic , resin melt production process requires sufficient melt strength to
produce . Example ① rolling production process - plate production . Requested the extension of the melt resin peeling rollers ,
there must be adequate melt strength. Example ② blow molding production - blowing production . Requirements melt sufficient melt
strength to ensure that when a plastic , not because of increased melt strength and melt enough natural droop , resulting in
products of uneven thickness . The melt strength and melt viscosity of the size are dependent on the size of the force in the resin
between molecular chains . Therefore, in general, the melt strength and melt viscosity of the resin between the resin in the
molecule are different in different circumstances such that the expression of the role . The melt strength and melt viscosity
generally proportional to : the greater the melt strength, melt viscosity increases. The greater the melt viscosity of the resin ,
molding the greater the shearing force . The greater the shear force , the greater the friction . The principle for easy
decomposition characteristics of PVC is extremely unfavorable , can cause localized overheating within the resin decomposition.
Quality of both internal and external lubricants lubricants , lubricating parts of the outer rigid PVC can reduce frictional heat.
Internal lubrication also reduces the viscosity and the melt strength of the resin . Therefore, reducing the melt viscosity of the
resin , reduce friction heat , friction, force must be reduced within the resin molecules. Reduction of the interaction between the
resin melt , resulting in decrease in strength of the resin melt . G32-1 compound grease polar functional group is to reduce the
viscosity of the polyvinyl chloride resin , plasticized promote critical . Increasing the polarity of the non-polar group and a
lubricated interface PVC , PVC space segment only increased displacement or movement of the base to increase lubricity and reduce
internal friction and due to friction movement of the segments caused by displacement or generation of heat . 4 , a mixture of a
polar resin adhesive adhering hot metal surfaces of processing equipment is veryimportant . Initial feed processing equipment ,
low temperature, the resin mixture adhesion to metals , such as proper adhesion of the screw and barrel in the extrusion process .
In the calendering process , such as appropriate viscosity resin roller double roller can effectively heat and mechanical energy
conduction promoting plasticization . If the material over adhesion, the polymer local residence time is too long, causing
localized overheating of materials , thermal degradation , affecting product quality and appearance. If alone , such as : PE wax,
paraffin wax , stearic acid and other non -polar materials will " slip " is not conducive to rapid production . Adding an
appropriate amount G32-1 polymer composite lubricant grease to balance a reasonable balance mechanism in the polymer is the key . 5 , the delay in the plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin blend , the PE melting wax, paraffin wax , stearic acid and other non -
polar substances , wetting of the resin solid particles

intenal lubricant is essential for PVC processing aids

Lubricants are essential in PVC processing aid. Add the right amount of lubricant in PVC can reduce friction between macromolecules PVC and PVC particles melt before the melt; reduce friction between the PVC melt plastic mechanical contact with the surface. PVC amount of lubricant can improve melt flow, increase productivity, and to prevent friction and heat caused by PVC
Degradation, improve product appearance quality. By WSD Stabilizers for pipe  function can be divided into external lubricant and the lubricant. PVC with poor external lubricant, easily migrate to the surface of the resin inside the melt, forming an interface layer of lubricant, thereby reducing the friction between the particles P PVC melt and the molten plastic prior to the mechanical contact between the faces. Lubricants containing a polar group, and has good compatibility with PVC, PVC can reduce inter-molecular forces, reduce melt viscosity and improve the melt fluidity.
Lubricant inside and outside of the points but relatively speaking, there is no strict criteria for the classification. Resin in WSD PVC lubricants  different polarities, the effect of external lubricants may change.
Such as stearic alcohol, stearic acid amine, butyl stearate, and stearic acid monoglyceride polar resin (such as PVC, PA) made, within lubrication, but for non-polar resin (such as PE
, PP), the outer displayed lubrication. Conversely, with a polar polymer such as paraffin resin phase difference, such as in a polar
PVC used as external lubricant applications: PVC lubricants in the plastics industry as the main mold release agents, plasticizers, antistatic agents, especially for plastic foam products, anti-shrinkage agents. In the production of PVC products as lubricants, and  WSD Polyethylene wax alkyd resin can be used as a modifier, a plasticizer of cellulose nitrate. A lubricant in the resin to improve the flowability and plastic processing products releasability to prevent the adhesion of the mold cavity or within the defects. General increase in the mold cavity plastic or coated surfaces. Common lubricants are fatty acids and their salts, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the mechanism of action of lubricant can be divided into external and internal lubricant lubricants.

PVC flame retardant future trends

People's lives , the most used items are plastic products, manufacture

of plastic products are made ​​from a polymer  WSD zinc stearate material , most plastic

products by PE, PP, ABS, PBT, PO, PA and other plastic materials with

excellent performance , these characteristics have flammable materials ,

generated a lot of smoke when burning machine toxic gas , people

poisoning, serious cause great harm to the human body .
   The flammability of plastic products bring to our lives a great

security risk, therefore , the development of a class of flame retardant

products that can be added to plastic products , play a retardant effect

is the vast number of plastic products manufacturers and people

requirements.
  Environment and conditions for combustion , flame retardant products are

appropriate to develop it. Our analysis is the  WSD Titanium dioxide rutile first element of the

combustion heat, oxygen and fuel. Flame through endothermic effect,

covering the role of several chain reaction mechanism , the role of non-

combustible gases , such as suffocation inhibition play retardant effect.
  For certain requirements added flame retardants used , without

compromising the physical properties of plastics. With weather resistance

, durability , and even lower prices , so as to use a wide range .

Retardants future trends in 10 years of the 21st century , the global

flame retardant industry will maintain a moderate growth rate, the main

development trends in the next 10 years retardants are: halogenated flame

retardants ( including halogen-containing phosphate ) will will continue

to be used , and the amount may still be a slight increase, but the

product mix will be adjusted , polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other

people will be cautious in dealing with ; intumescent flame retardant

phosphorus and nitrogen and nitrogen-based system will be further the

development and the favored ; non-toxic, inorganic halogen-free flame

retardant and smoke suppression , such  WSD Chlorinated paraffin as modified aluminum hydroxide ,

magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate , magnesium hydroxide can be used

especially in high temperature , will further been developed ; smoke

Suppressant market prospects ; retardants field calls for more regulations

and standards come out.

Some simple request intenal lubricant's

pvc lubricants lubricants can be divided into two kinds of internal and external lubricant pvc pvc, pvc external lubricant main role is to improve the frictional heat the metal surface of the polymer melt and processing equipment. It is less compatible with the polymer is easy to migrate out from the melt, so the lubrication can be formed in a thin WSD Polyethylene wax  layer of plastic and metal melt interface. pvc lubricants have good compatibility with the polymer properties, which serves to reduce the effect of cohesion between the polymer molecules within the polymer, thereby improving the plastic melt in the heat of friction and melt flowability. Commonly used lubricants are stearic acid and salts thereof outside; internal lubricant is a low molecular weight polymer. Function of some other lubricants. Each lubricant has actually can achieve a required role in internal and external lubrication always together, but in a way more prominent. A lubricant with different polymers under different processing conditions or exhibit different lubrication, such as high temperature, high pressure, pvc in the lubricant will be squeezed out and become pvc external lubricant. From the perspective of processing machinery, in mixing, rolling, etc. slush molding process, external lubricant has an important role in extrusion, injection molding, the lubricant is more effective. The amount of lubricant is generally 0.5% to 1%, the choice should pay attention to the following aspects: (1) the flow properties of the polymer molding process needs have been met, then the role of the main considerations lubrication to ensure internal and external balance; ( 2) lubrication is valid, it can be in the temperature during molding, the plastic surface to form a complete liquid film, and may be so close to the melting point of the lubricant outside the molding temperature, but to a difference of 10 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ order to form a complete film; (3) When selecting a lubricant in production should be so as to achieve the following requirements: (4) moderate size, the internal balance and external lubrication resin compatibility effect; non-blooming, easy scaling; (5) surface gravity is small, small viscosity, the expansion of the interface, easy to form an interface layer;
(6) as far as possible without reducing the  WSD Metallic stearate excellent properties of the polymer, does not affect the performance of the secondary processing of plastics;
(6) itself is excellent in heat resistance and chemical stability, does not decompose during processing, non-volatile;
(7) non-corrosive, does not pollute the film, there is no toxicity.
However, the mere use of a lubricant is often difficult to achieve the purpose, to be used in combination of several lubricants, lubricating composite developed rapidly in recent years, the choice can be to look at the role of multi-angle lubricant. Commonly used lubricants are stearic acid, butyl stearate, oleic acid amide, ethylene bis stearic acid amide.
Many substances can be used as a lubricant wax, natural waxes such as liquid paraffin (mineral oil), microcrystalline wax, etc., but the effect is mixed. Natural waxes more to do with external lubrication, the lubricant can be used as a variety of plastic, a release agent, generally the amount of 0.2 ~ 1phr, but its compatibility, thermal stability and dispersibility is not good, the amount is not too large, and preferably lubricants and use; while shortening more to do with PVC, PS, lubricants, lubricating properties, thermal stability is also very good, the general amount 0.5phr they are drug-free, can be used for food packaging. Another kind of microcrystalline wax: in the plastic processing is also used as a lubricant in an amount of 1 ~ 2Phr, good thermal stability and lubricating property than normal paraffins. Low molecular weight polymers are widely used as a lubricant such as polyethylene wax, low molecular weight polypropylene, the inner and  WSD Chlorinated paraffin outer are better lubricity, and non-toxic. Polyethylene wax materials suitable for PVC extrusion, calendering, the amount is generally 0.1 ~ 1phr, processing efficiency can be improved to prevent the adhesion of the film to improve the dispersion of fillers or pigments, compatibility and transparency is not good; irregular low molecular weight polypropylene as the structure rigid PVC, PE lubricant, excellent performance, other additives to improve dispersibility.

The main reason heat stabilizer for shoes heat discoloration

Thermal stabilizers should preferably absorb both HCL, to eliminate the

active site, the addition of a conjugated polyene chain, carbenium salt

damage, etc. to prevent auto-oxidation, which does not produce the product

of the catalytic degradation of PVC. The Plastic impact modifier  actual heat stabilizers have

different functions due to exhibit different thermal stability

characteristics, can be divided into early-type, long-term, intermediate-

and versatile four.
Shandong Zouping, this piece of land has been brought up generation phase

of Fan, its famous through the ages "first and worry about the world,

after the world music", popular for generations lips.
A) cadmium, zinc soap is typical of early-type heat stabilizers, can

quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC

unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn, thereby effectively

suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the

consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off

the HCL efficient catalyst PVC, PVC and  Chlorinated paraffin thus lead to the degradation of

the material suddenly vicious black, so poor long-term thermal stability.
2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers,

absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC,

but the conversion product BaC12, CaC12 do not have catalytic activity,

does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better.
3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can

effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain,

and transformation products do not have catalytic activity.
4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile Polyethylene wax  features, while a variety of

mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not have

catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term

thermal stability effect.

Lubricants can be divided into several

Friction portion for lubrication, cooling and sealing machine

materials.
According to sources of mineral lubricant (such as machine oil),

vegetable lubricant (such as castor oil) and animal lubricant (such as

tallow). In addition, synthetic lubricants, such as silicone oils,

fatty acid amide, oleic acid, polyester, synthetic esters, carboxylic

acid. Depending on the properties of WSD PVC lubricants  the lubricating oil, oily liquid,

semi-solid grease-like and solid lubricant grease.
  Can be divided according to the use of industrial lubricants

(including oil and grease), the body lubricant.
Many types of lubricants, are widely used. Lubricant is also used to

improve flowability and releasability and other plastic processing, to

prevent adhesion of the mold in the machine and fish eyes or other

defects. Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage.

However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery, machinery mainly

to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear, there

are some special requirements with different working environment,

working conditions and proposed. Divided into 1) Automotive Lubricants

2) industrial lubricants including machine oil (high oil), weaving oil,

spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil, gas  WSD chromium oxide turbine oil, compressor oil,

refrigeration oil, cylinder oil, bunker oil, gear oil, engine pressure

gear oil, axle oil, instrument oil, vacuum pump oil (
 How to choose the right lubricant body
 Insufficient vaginal lubrication, it will increase the pain during

sex, some of the older women simply give up sex. "At this point in

relation to moderate use of lubricants, one to improve the sensitivity

of the clitoris; secondly, can not, through excessive drying of vaginal

discomfort.."
  For water-soluble and oil-based lubricants market, "in essence no

difference between the two, but the water-soluble relatively easy to

use, easy to clean up afterwards, but also to prevent allergies." Also,

try not to use the additional role WSD Chrolinated polyethylene with sterilization lubricants,

single function products safer to use. "In the hospital to buy the

lubricant is definitely the safest, followed to some large pharmacies,

large supermarkets and regular sex shop to buy."

PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative

PVC heat stabilizers environmental protection is imperative, zinc-based, non-toxic and organic compounds based heat stabilizer is the main direction of development, but the zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers promote the use of a more realistic and market space. Currently, hot zinc-based high-performance, non-toxic heat stabilizer stable performance of foreign brands have approached or reached the level of conventional Chrolinated polyethylene  toxic species, there are many domestic manufacturers are also carried out to promote the development and application of zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizers, although the overall performance of domestic products to be improved, but there are a lot of products to achieve industrial application, and has appeared in some of the higher levels of high-performance products. But
, The current ratio of domestic consumption of environmentally friendly heat stabilizer is still small, the main reason lies in the use of toxic products, compared with the cost also significantly higher. Seen in this light, the future development of environmentally friendly heat stabilizers, in addition to further improve the performance, you should also focus on improving value for money. To protect the health and survival of our people, the environment and improve the international competitiveness of China's PVC industry and related industries to the EU in urgent need of peer learning, take practical measures and steps to promote the development and Titanium dioxide rutile  application of environmentally friendly process heat stabilizers.
Heat stabilizers are a class of polymers can prevent or reduce the heat in the course of processing and degradation or cross-linking occurs, extending the life of composite additives. Usual stabilizers can be divided into categories according to the main component of salt, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, heat stabilizers, and the pure compound classes of organic compounds.
1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. (Source Global polyurethane network)
2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with  Metal stearate a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%.
3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive.
4) composite heat stabilizer: PVC compound stabilizer is a metal salt or soap as a kind of liquid or solid based compound and an organic tin-based compound, wherein the metal salts are calcium - magnesium - zinc, barium - calcium - zinc, barium - zinc and barium - cadmium; common organic acids such as organic acids, naphthenic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. 5) a thermal stabilizer compounds: Except for a few of such primary heat stabilizer stabilizer may be used alone (primarily nitrogen containing organic compound), but also a high boiling point include polyhydric alcohols and phosphites, phosphates and often stabilizer, the metal can improve the weather resistance, transparency of the composite material, to improve the surface color of the article.

Which uses magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide is a white crystal or powder. English Name: Magnesium hydroxide Molecular formula: Mg (OH) 2 Molecular weight: 58.32 aqueous alkaline. Bulk density: 2.36g/cm3. Soluble in acid and ammonium salt solution, almost insoluble in water and alcohol. Solubility  in water (18 ℃) is 0.0009g/100g. Easy to absorb carbon dioxide in  air. In PVC stabilizer for cable  the alkaline solution is heated to above 200 ℃ becomes hexagonal crystal system. At 350 ℃ decomposition of magnesium oxide and water. Higher than 500 ℃, lose water into magnesium oxide.
Use of abundant local resources through scientific process underground brine synthesis of new products, the indicators can be based on user needs and the size and design and production. Excellent quality, from the professional production. "Magnesium tyrants" brand of high-purity  low molecular polyethylene magnesium is your ideal choice. Uses: magnesium hydroxide is a plastic, rubber   excellent flame retardant. Widely used in PP, PE, EVA, PVC, ABS, HIPS, PA, epoxy, rubber, paint. As Mg (OH) 2 the thermal decomposition temperature (310 ° C) is high, is more suitable for processing high temperature engineering plastics such as nylon 6 (PA6, PA66). Generally, the flame retardant aluminum hydroxide ATH index, the oxygen index has been significantly improved, and the magnesium hydroxide MH better effect on the smoke, and thus, in actual use, they are complex in order to achieve Flame and smoke the better results.

What is produced by the human body lubricant

It has long been trying to apply the lubricant human , lubricants ( liquid ) most applications in clinical medicine in the early examination of the human body : a lot of medical equipment will be in -depth at different levels of the human body caused by mechanical injury , lubricants You can minimize the body tissue , mucosal damage. Early human lubricant is  tribasic lead sulphate glycerin and hydrophilic substance as the main component , was improved by adding glass , sodium ethyl cellulose , Kaposi mother and other ingredients, improved reducing sticky , balance pH , to try and human humoral similar , reducing the probability of occurrence of allergic symptoms .
Lubricants used in human sexuality also has a very long history , but early people used vegetable oils such as olive oil and so on. However, due to limited composition effect is not ideal , easily contaminated clothing , not easy to be absorbed by the body ; Later, people Acrylic processing aid  have tried to use Vaseline, baby oil , shower gel, massage oil, petroleum-based mineral oil as a lubricating substance ; these substances are often sticky too large and difficult to clean after use is likely to cause residues, even after use is likely to be blocked by both men and women the urethra , resulting in difficulty urinating pain , and it will destroy the carbon black  condom stable , resulting in unwanted pregnancies , which will be on the human body damage ; now on the market are mainly used in the human body lubricant sex lubricating ; human lubricant weak acidic PH value 5-7 , consistent with the vaginal environment , while its viscosity is 1500-2000mpa.s lubricating properties and is the body's secretions are not available , so the lubricant is not only excellent human body secretions supplements , better play secretions can not achieve smooth effect, the colorless , odorless , tasteless , non greasy characteristics , allowing people to fully enjoy the natural sex. While the use of more safe and convenient.

impact modifier and processing modifiers contrast between

Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass  iron oxide yellow transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS  chromium oxide resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine polyethylene oxide  content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .

PVC plastic formulations detailed process stabilizer

PVC processed at high temperatures, can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure. Meanwhile, HCL has a self-catalysis, will make further degraded PVC. In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and cadmium ions, will catalyze the degradation of PVC, accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration, deformation, cracking, mechanical plastic processing aid  strength, electrical insulation performance, brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems, the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition, to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin. Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in. Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability, excellent electrical properties, low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number, one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced. Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong, pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients. However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium-based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers. Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting. Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use. Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education, a large amount of calcium-based stabilizers when transparency is poor, easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a iron oxide red  better variety of transparent products, especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy-type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat, the drawback is easy to bleed. As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can. In recent years, there is also a rare earth-based stabilizers, and hydrotalcite-based stabilizer, a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability, and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic. (Two) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat, ultraviolet light oxidation, which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related. Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger. Its main role is to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound, the chain reaction terminated, PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent, PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso-octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors, because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation, PVC molecules into the excited state, or a chemical bond is destroyed, causing  white blowing agent radical chain reaction, and to promote the aging degradation of PVC. In order to improve UV resistance, often by adding an ultraviolet absorber. PVC commonly used are triazine UV absorber -5, UV-9, UV-326, TBS, BAD, OBS. Triazine-5 best, but the film slightly yellow, yellow, phthalocyanine blue, adding a small amount can be improved. PVC plastic sheeting commonly used in UV-9, the general amount of 0.2 to 0.5 parts. Is salicylic acid TBS, BAD AND OBS mild action, used in conjunction with antioxidants, you will get a good anti-aging effect. For non-transparent products, usually by adding shading rutile titanium dioxide to improve weather resistance, then if we add UV absorbers, you need a large amount, is not very cost-effective. (D) a chelating agent in PVC plastic stabilizing system, often adding secondary phosphite antioxidant is not only, but also play the role of a chelating agent. It prompted PVC with HCL off harmful metal ions to form metal contact and material. Phosphite are used triphenyl phosphite, phenyl phosphite, diisopropyl phosphite, diphenyl octyl acrylate and octyl. In PVC plastic sheeting, in general, the amount of 0.5 to 1, when used alone initially easy to color, thermal stability is not good, generally associated with metal soaps and use...

Red iron oxide in the development and application of coatings

Our iron oxide red, the economic environment, the raw material used as a pigment, a perfect fit. Next, we take a look to understand that the development of environmentally friendly and red iron oxide in the coating application bar.
Development and red iron oxide in the  plastic additive coating in the application:
In the oxygen steel converter process, high temperature steam iron in an oxygen rich conditions, the oxidation condensation aerosols or cohesion quickly oxidized to fine spherical oxide particles (spherical surface with minimal free energy), the time to conversion of α-Fe2O3'll be blown or pulled out of the high temperature zone, the gas phase of Fe3O4 and FeO forms preserved to show its ferromagnetic properties. This process is similar to the formation of the production process of synthetic iron oxide red ferric hydroxide gel is dehydrated crystalline α-Fe2O3, and thereby gives the pigment properties.
BOF dust and sludge produced in the polyethylene oxide  process of red iron oxide, is essentially a process of removing impurities to the thick, which is due to formation of dust and mud determined complex environment, the environment in the oxygen steel converter, there must be refractory debris, alkaline flux of dust and splashing droplets of molten steel into the inside of the flue dust mixed with mud and become part of it. Subtle temperature materials often also a steam iron core cohesion, while molten droplets larger than 20 microns can not fully oxidized and become black particles must be removed. Therefore, the processing of dust and mud out of coarse screening, mainly to remove refractory, metallurgical flux debris and small steel particles, hydraulic classification is not fully oxidized primarily to remove  tin stabilizer particles or low iron oxides.
BOF dust and sludge production of iron oxide red paint with good performance, small size, easy to disperse, with a stable nature, several Baidu can withstand high temperatures, especially with excellent anti-settling properties, mainly from two aspects: One converter iron red with good magnetic properties, the magnetic domain of the magnetic proximity unit will be arranged in a certain orientation of the magnetic force of the magnetic gel, excluding the caking tendency of sink to the bottom; the other hand, the pigment fine particle size, large specific surface area, surface free energy large, fully wetted by the resin wrapped, suspension excellent, not easy to sink to the bottom, thereby enhancing the stability of the paint.

Broad field of application of titanium dioxide

 Titanium dioxide is a very broad field of application, then the application of titanium dioxide are used in the end what areas and what areas? If you want to know, please read our article carefully to see if you want to know more about titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide or magnesium hydroxide flame retardant  related information like him to pay attention to our official website to learn about the latest relevant information, in the hope that our website give you some help.
Titanium dioxide has a high refractive index, particle size distribution of the particles is ideal, with good hiding power and good coloring white pigment widely used in paints, rubber, plastics, paper, inks, daily chemical, electronics, micro-electromechanical and environmental protection industries.
Paint industry: paint industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide. Among them, rutile titanium dioxide coatings industry is mainly consumed. Production of titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, color dose, the province focused, variety, stable media can play  yellow iron oxide a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesive film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life.
Plastics industry: In addition to titanium dioxide plastic, plastic products, can improve the heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance, improved plastic products physical and chemical properties, and improve the mechanical strength and prolong life. 3 Paper industry: paper industry is a major consumer of titanium dioxide. As the paper burden, mainly used for fine paper and tissue paper. In this file add titanium dioxide, can make paper with good whiteness, gloss, high strength, thin and flexible, printing does not penetrate, the quality of light. Paper is generally used without a surface treatment of the titanium dioxide anatase type titanium dioxide, can be used as optical brighteners, thus increasing the brightness of the document. But requires the use of rutile titanium dioxide rolling treated paper surface in response to light and heat requirements.
4, advanced ink: titanium dioxide or iron oxide yellow  advanced essential white pigment ink. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
Chemical industry, chemical fiber and textile fiber textile industry is another important application of titanium dioxide. Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent. As sweet red, gold anatase, anatase general. The titanium fiber surface usually do not require treatment, but some special varieties to reduce photochemical reaction of titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide, in order to prevent degradation of the photocatalytic effect of the fiber, the need for surface treatment.

aluminum sulfate removal of heavy metal fluoride contamination

Wastewater containing fluoride and heavy metal pollution of water pollution in the two pollution hazards for humans and the environment can not be overlooked . The aluminum sulfate is such a common coagulant can remove heavy metals in sewage and fluorine pollution.
Aluminum sulfate application  magnesium hydroxide flame retardant in heavy metal wastewater aluminum sulfate is actually a heavy metal chelating agent to polymer processing technology of heavy metals and inorganic fluorine reagent processing technology combined with an extremely simple approach . And symbiotic aluminum sulfate precipitation method using the principle, containing arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals and heavy metal zinc borate flame retardant  waste generated by adjusting the pH precipitation method symbiosis removed.
The fluorine-containing aluminum sulfate aluminum sulfate treatment method applied fluoride concentration on high or larger flow of wastewater, if the individual dosing calcium fluoride , precipitation is very slow , and the flocculant alone will increase the cost of processing , so commonly used is first using chemical precipitation, aluminum sulfate and then adsorbent or coagulant treatment, so fluorine content down to 10 mg / L or less. Chemical precipitation method is relatively simple, easy to handle , low cost effective, mainly for treatment of high concentration fluoride wastewater . Coagulation law generally applies only to lower fluoride wastewater treatment . Adsorption method is mainly applied to a small quantity of process water .
Heavy metals in wastewater treatment technology and red iron oxide  precipitation, soda sulphide , iron salt method , chelate resin method , etc. are the most frequently used and aluminum sulfate precipitation method . Currently both aluminum sulfate and heavy metal fluoride removal from wastewater and examples of new technologies , but are rare. The use of polymer heavy metal chelating agent / inorganic reagents while removing heavy metals from wastewater and fluorine. Aluminum sulfate as a chemical coagulant , may be used for the treatment of waste water containing fluorine is low , the adsorption of heavy metal pollution of subsidence . The large amount of fluoride wastewater treatment , you can use aluminum sulfate plus lime, or together constitute polyacrylamide coagulant chemical adsorption precipitation treatment method for processing.

eighteen simple exposition of sodium

Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the plastic additive  relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an  PVC stabilizer epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well  Stearates ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .

Application of zinc stearate

Cold extrusion is a precision plastic volumetric forming technology is an important component. Cold extrusion is in the cold state of the metal blank into the mold cavity , the strong pressure and a constant speed under the effect of forcing the metal is extruded from the mold cavity , to achieve the desired shape and size, and a certain mechanical  dibasic lead phosphate extrusion performance.
Currently, cold extrusion technology has been in fasteners , machinery, instruments , electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, marine, military, and other industrial sectors widely used. Specific products such as filter, electric fuel pump housings, capacitor housings, aluminum bottle , cosmetic aluminum tube , the bullet casing , at present, auto parts , 30 % ~ 40% of the parts are manufactured by cold extrusion process .
Currently available for cold extrusion of metal materials: lead, tin , silver, aluminum , aluminum alloy , copper and oxygen-free copper (T1, T2,, brass, bronze, nickel, zinc and cadmium zinc alloys, pure iron, carbon steel , low alloy steel and stainless steel . Additionally, some for titanium and titanium alloys , tantalum, zirconium , and Kovar , etc. can also be cold extrusion , even bearing steel GCr9, GCr15 and HSS W6Mo5Cr4V2 also be a certain amount of cold extrusion deformation .
Cold extrusion , metal materials produced severe plastic deformation , the unit squeeze a lot of pressure , especially in cold extrusion of steel , the largest unit extrusion pressure up 2500Mpa. In such a high unit pressure , if no good lubrication, steel particles will be bad material welded together with the mold cavity which led to severe scratching the surface , making the extrusion pressure increased dramatically, mold life greatly decreased, even rupture . Lubrication is directly related to product quality and tool life , determines the success or failure squeeze .
So the use of a good and reliable lubrication of cold extrusion method is very important. Currently used for a liquid lubricant ( such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oil, etc.) , there are solid black iron oxide  ( such as zinc stearate , sodium stearate , graphite, etc. ) , they may be used alone , or in combination.
Lubricant mainly in: 1 . Reduce friction between the billet and the mold ; 2 . Reduce mold wear and improve die life ; 3 . Improve the quality of products . ( 1 ) cold forging lubricant : For forging, the more successful lubrication of the current approach is to phosphating metal blank surface saponification treatment . The so-called " phosphate " is chemically formed on the surface of the metal material of iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and the porous film. The film thickness is generally 10-25μm, the friction coefficient is low. Phosphate film is firmly bonded to the surface the metal billet with a certain plasticity, to some extent deformed together with the metal , this layer of porous membrane capable of storing a lubricant, when squeezed , can play the blank isolated from the mold effect and reduce the deformation friction between the metal and the mold . The so-called " saponification " is a fatty acid soap as a lubricant , so that the zinc phosphate coating with a chemical reaction treatment of zinc stearate lubricant .
Because phosphate - saponification treatment processes numerous long processing time , phosphate strict quality requirements , while the phosphate waste pollute the environment , and thus the world are seeking new ways to replace phosphate lubrication - saponification process .
Aqueous zinc stearate as a lubricant with good extrudability , extension, adhesion , lubricity
Its safety non-toxic environment pollutant emissions , successfully replaced phosphate - saponification treatment process ( degreasing rust - water cleaning - acid - water cleaning - phosphate - water cleaning - drying - saponification - - dried ) , ferrous metal cold forming to meet the demanding requirements for lubrication . And once completed : Surface treatment - water heating - dipping the agent - drying and other processes. For extension of large, high deformation , surface complex parts processing production, product processing effectively guarantee the accuracy , improve surface  titanium dioxide anatase quality, maximum protection of the mold surface , to extend the life of the mold . A thin lubricant film formed , one-piece lubricant low cost, cost than phosphate - saponification cost savings of 30 % to 45% .
Water-based stearate lubricant characteristics
Brushing the surface of the workpiece after forming a lubricating film polymer , even if subjected to repeated cold work extrusion, cold stamping, cold drawing forming , the lubricating film can be firmly attached to the workpiece surface , and with the extension of the surface extension without brushing again . Especially when applied to extension degree, deformation rate, complex workpiece surface , which is characterized more apparent.
Product Benefits
A, four outstanding advantages
1 , completely replace phosphate - saponification process
No phosphate, zinc stearate lubricant water after brushing firmly attached to the surface of workpiece lubricating film , and can be directly cold forming , simplifying the process , improving the efficiency and reduce the cost .
2 , to solve the many problems grease lubrication
Aqueous zinc stearate lubricant to the workpiece firmly attached to the rough surface of the lubricating film is formed , can easily solve the conventional grease pressure forming work loose after a good result , wrinkling , and mold strain burst phenomenon , the phenomenon nodulation .
3 , once painted , cold- molding process can be repeated
Aqueous zinc stearate lubricant lubricating film formed in the surface of the workpiece has an extension extending characteristics of the workpiece before processing brushing once, after three to five times without further processing are brushing , simplifying the process , improving the effect, reducing the cost.
4 , particularly suitable for extension of large, deformation rate, curved complex parts
Aqueous zinc stearate lubricant is formed in the surface of the workpiece having a lubricating film which extends extension characteristics, especially suitable for extension of large, deformation rate, the surface of the workpiece complex .
B, other general advantages
1, the aqueous zinc stearate small size, can effectively ensure accuracy , improve surface finish and product quality .
2, to reduce machine wear and extend tool life .
3 , expanding the workpiece material selectivity.
4 , reduce the pressure to save energy .
5 , reduce costs and increase efficiency.
6, the water -soluble nature stearate , making easier to remove surface residue .
6 , safe non-toxic and pollution-free , there is no emissions and emissions of sewage treatment problems , relieve sewage treatment costs and troubles.
Water stearate can also be applied to drawing, pressure- , stretching and other metal products processing the lubricating treatment . Market prospects are very broad .
I was doing aqueous stearate , the main research market applications , there is need to beg for PM samples .

[ FWA ] some of the major components

In order to understand the chemical composition of the phosphor , we first think of the firefly 's light, firefly light-emitting principle mainly in the following series of processes . Protein + into light into light into light oxygenated enzyme protein ( glows green ) protein + H2O oxygen stearic acid  into light into light firefly protein that is why can continue  to light , and bright twinkling reason , it is worth noting that green light emitted by the firefly is a " cold light ", the results of conversion as high as 97% . Secondly , we note that the light emitting plastics , light plastics mainly in common plastic braced little radioactive substances, such as 14C, 35Sr, 90Sr , and Na, Th and a luminescent material ZnS, CaS these sulfides of the irradiation light radiation , is excited and emitted visible light ( luminescence ) . Consisting of: Pink color density formula category Y2O3: Eu white 5.1 ± 0.2 green powder CeMgL11O19: Tb white 4.2 ± 0.2 Blue Pink BaMgAl10O17: Eu white 3.7 ± 0.2 bimodal powder blue BaMgA10O17: (Eu, Mn) 3.8 ± 0.2 on white conversion phosphor, the phosphor is excited infrared composition: chemical composition : YErYbF3 appearance: white inorganic powder, grain size : 30nm excitation wavelength : 980nm color: green features : high transmittance , a higher solvent resistance, luminescence properties of acid substance is broadly divided into two categories: one is the material heat, heat radiation and light, the other is an object absorbs energy and is excited to an excited state ( non steady state ) back to the ground state in the anti- process releases energy in the form of light . Matrix and  iron oxide black rare earth compounds as activators in rare earth luminescent materials and more in the latter category , that rare earth phosphor . Rare earth atom has a wealth of electronic energy levels , because rare earth atom electron configuration 4f orbitals exist , for a variety of energy level transitions to create the conditions to obtain a variety of light-emitting properties. Rare luminescent material is a huge treasure in human development of the various light-emitting materials , the rare earth elements plays a very important role. Cathode-ray emitting material - display phosphors mainly used in televisions, oscilloscopes, radar and other types of computer screen and monitor. Rare red phosphor (Y2O3: Eu and Y2O2S: Eu) for color TV screen , the  carbon black powder brightness of the TV to achieve a higher level . Blue and green phosphors are still using non- rare earth phosphors, but La2O2S: Tb ​​green phosphor luminescence characteristics of a good , there is development prospects. Recently color TV unified use EBU ( European Broadcasting Union ) color , Pink is Y2O2S: Eu. The computer does not like the color television that the reproducibility of importance , and priority to brightness , and thus stronger in orange red , Y2O2S Eu in an amount of usually 5 ~ 7wt%. Pink color television in the Eu content of about 1.5 times the computer . When the light is a substance into another substance shine again when the back is chemical energy into

plasticizer related knowledge introduction

Currently plasticizer production trends to the large, continuous, microcomputer control development, a single set of production capacity has reached 100,000 tons / year. Many varieties of serial  one pack stabilizer production has strong ability to adapt to the market , the characteristics of large production flexibility to meet different plastic processing products for special functions plasticizer varieties needs. Since DOP better value for money , production and consumption still adjacent dominance dimethyl ester , followed by DINP ( di-iso- nonyl phthalate ), DIDP ( di-iso- decyl phthalate esters ) , in addition to direct chain alcohol esters developed very rapidly , is expected to become an important species phthalates . In addition phthalate plasticizer , fatty acid esters excellent cold resistance , non-toxic epoxy  Chrolinated polyethylene esters stability , high temperature trimellitic esters , polyesters do not migrate , flame and good phosphate plasticizer structures are in a certain proportion , to form a rational structure of plasticizer production system.
First plasticizer and the resin have good compatibility, better compatibility , the better the plasticizing effect . Adding PVC plasticizer  a plasticizer to reduce the glass transition temperature of the plastic , the hard and rigid plastic to become soft and pliable . General also asked plasticizer colorless , non-toxic , odorless , light , heat, cold , volatile , and migration of small , non-flammable and chemical stability, low cost and easy to get . In fact , a plasticizer is impossible to satisfy all the above requirements, which need to select , with the use , in order to achieve satisfactory results.

impact modifier some of the major role

Impact modifier 's primary role is to improve the low-temperature embrittlement of polymer materials , giving it a higher toughness. Global plastics market demand impact modifier is 600,000 tons ( worth about $ 1.5 billion ) , of which styrene copolymers such as ABS, methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene (MBS) impact modifier to become the carbon black powder  largest category, accounting for about 45% of the market share, accounting for nearly 30% acrylic ; elastomers including EPDM and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) accounts for about 10% market share ; chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) accounted for 10 %, other 5%. It is predicted that between 2004 to 2009 , a styrene-based impact modifiers average growth rate will be less than 3% , while the other categories, the average growth rate of 5% -6%. Because PVC is the  plastic additive largest impact modifiers used species, accounting for about 80% of the amount , so the growth in demand for PVC impact modifier will also be driven by increased demand . Engineering plastic resins such as PC, polyamide (PA), polyester, impact modifiers consumption of about 10 % due to strong growth in demand for engineering plastics is to promote growth in the amount of impact modifiers . Polyolefin resin consumes approximately 10% of the impact resistance improver. Experts pointed out that the future impact modifier trend is  black iron oxide better performance, prices cheaper, faster action , the main material properties or guarantee performance under the premise of improving the member thinner.

[ FWA ] Diamond Fluorescence

1 Fluorescence Fluorescence indicator refers to the diamond will be issued under the intense ultraviolet blue or pvc additive  yellow and other colored light intensity. This sentence implies what it meant, that is, under natural light , do not feel it , unless relatively strong summer in the ultraviolet sunlight, has a strong fluorescent diamonds, eye feel the presence of fluorescence . In addition to this case , the fluorescence is no impact on the wear . 2 Not all diamonds have a fluorescent , but it is most of the diamonds with a little fluorescence detection of the international diamond is to write out fluorescent indicators , domestic certificate is not particularly marked .
3 fluorescence is not always blue , diamond fluorescence blue, yellow, orange , pink and so on. Diamond fluorescence was weak , the international level from low to high are GIA standards : none ( no ), faint ( weak ), medium blue ( medium blue ) / medium yellow ( medium yellow ), strong blue ( strong blue ) / strong yellow ( strong yellow ) and other levels , or IGI standard : none ( no ), very slight ( very weak ), slight ( weak ), strong ( strong ) and other levels. Provided on each Meggiee this certificate  titanium dioxide anatase have been described in international
4 Although it is a natural fluorescence indicators, but does not affect the value of the diamond . Depends only on the value of the diamond 4C, which is the color, clarity , size and cut . Other indicators only as a reference . Fluorescence selection can be said to be in 4C are in line with the selection criteria , they can not be considered. Have fluorescence or fluorescence intensity depends on personal preference , they do not plastic additive  affect the value of the diamond . The world famous blue diamond - the Hope Diamond (Hope) is a strong fluorescence (Strong Blue) diamonds.
5 The principle of diamond fluorescence under UV irradiation , due to impurities containing a nitrogen atom , ultraviolet energy is absorbed immediately after it at a lower level or longer wavelength re- launch of the phenomenon, we have seen lower energy fluorescent blue fluorescence, it is not radioactive, no radiation, will not have any impact on health .
6 a blue fluorescent diamonds have no fluorescence than the same color grade diamond is even more white some blue  pvc additive light when the fire will be a little more , but it depends on the size of the diamond and the fluorescence intensity . International Certificate of open diamond color is to be deducted out some blue fluorescent whitening score , that is, if two diamonds are F color , one with Strong Blue fluorescence are international institutions with a certificate , then, there is probably a very large diamond fluorescence original color than the other one no fluorescence . However, the opposite fluorescent yellow . Classy use only non-fluorescent diamonds and diamond fluorescence in under fluorescent blue diamond category , on the location of inclusions , there are strict requirements, only the tops of the diamond inclusions can not be selected .