The main uses of plastics processing aids and recipes

1 , inorganic non-halogen flame retardants account for an important position among alumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide mixed use, you can use a large amount of alumina trihydrate endothermic ( absorbs heat of crystallization water vapor ) , inhibition of the burning surface temperature ; use of magnesium hydroxide to raise the  oxygen index and promote charring effect, because the surface of the polymer film can also play with the charring prevent burning effect. In addition , the development of new varieties of antimony oxide is also a non- halogen flame retardant development in another direction . Plasticizers ; are added to plastics to Flame retardant  increase the system without affecting the plastic nature of the material properties of the polymer . External plasticizer : generally applied to the polymerization system less volatile high-boiling liquid or low melting solids . Plasticizers : the polymer is introduced during the polymerization to reduce the crystallinity of the polymer chain increases the plasticity of the second monomer material plastics. Primary plasticizer ; both molecules inserted in the amorphous region of the polymer plasticizer is inserted while the crystalline regions , which is also called a plasticizer solvent plasticizer . Auxiliary plasticizer ; inserted only partially crystalline molecular plasticizer amorphous regions of the polymer , the plasticizer, the plasticizer is also called non-solvent . Compatibility: the ability to dissolve the plasticizer and resin mixed with each other , and is one of the most basic requirements of plasticizer . Cohesive energy density (CED): energy per unit volume of solvent evaporation . Solubility parameters : the square root organic pigments  of the value of the energy of vaporization per unit volume of solvent. Cloud point (Tc): dilute homogeneous polymer solution and a plasticizer , at a temperature becomes cloudy during cooling . By measuring the cloud point can be estimated plasticizer and resin compatibility. The lower the cloud point , a plasticizer compatible with the polymer , the better. Plasticizing efficiency ; plasticizing efficiency of the resin reaches a certain degree of softness is called the amount of plasticizer plasticizer . Plasticizing efficiency is a relative value , the plasticizer can be used to compare the plasticizing effect . The method used for representing plasticizing efficiency glass transition temperature (Tg) and reduce the decrease in modulus is represented . Oxidation of the polymer is the time increases with the decrease of the performance of the polymer , also known as auto-oxidation . Into the induction period , a strong oxidizing period . Antioxidants ; refers to polymers by oxidation and slow the aging phenomenon can play the role of a class of chemicals. Primary antioxidant ; antioxidant is considered to be the main cleaning agent, a free radical , it is through the coupling reaction ( i.e., the termination reaction) to give a hydrogen atom or to prevent the damaging effects of free radicals in the polymer . Secondary antioxidants ; role of antioxidants is to help decompose the peroxide oxidation of the resulting polymer . Antioxidants including an aid phosphite 2 , 3 thioether antioxidants , metal deactivators metal ion deactivators ; preventing the heavy metal ion induced oxidation of the resulting polymer material , often referred to as metal ions blunt agent or a metal deactivator , a metal chelating agent , also known as copper inhibitors. Stabilizer: to prevent or retard the polymer during processing, storage and use of chemical aging deterioration . Thermal stabilizers ; mainly for PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers , which will not affect the processing and application , but also a certain degree of thermal decomposition of delaying the action of a class of additives. Light stabilizers ; Where can inhibit or slow down the aging of optical oxygen substance called ultraviolet light stabilizer or stabilizers . Radical scavengers : a class of piperidine derivatives light stabilizer with steric effects , referred to as hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) - aging or photoaging : molecular material long-term or short-term exposure to the sun set under strong fluorescence , due to absorption of UV energy , causing auto-oxidation reaction , leading to degradation of the polymer , making the products discoloration, brittleness , performance degradation , which can not be reused. This process is called oxidative aging or photoaging light flame retardants ; able to increase the flame resistance of the material substance called flame retardants. They are mostly first periodic table V, compound VII and combustion speed of the group III element : refers to the length of the sample per unit time of combustion . Synergistic effect : refers to two or more with the use of additives , the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects when used alone . Synergy system : complex flame retardant with the use of the interaction between the flame-retardant to improve performance , the system is called a synergistic effect . Synergistic systems commonly antimony - halogen system , phosphorus halide system, phosphorus - nitrogen system . Burning speed: denotes the length of the sample per unit time of combustion . Burning speed is horizontal and vertical burning combustion method to measure too . Oxygen index: refers to the sample continued to burn like a candle shape , nitrogen - oxygen mixed gas stream must minimum oxygen content. External friction : polymer materials during the molding process , the polymer melt friction between the surface and processing  PVC stabilizer equipment . Friction : polymer material during the molding process , the molten polymer molecules exist between friction. Lubricants ; polymer to reduce friction and external friction , improved melt flow plastics , polymer material during processing to prevent the sticking of the device to ensure the surface smoothness of the added substance called lubricant. Lubricants : prior to processing the plastic ingredients , add a certain compatibility with the polymer lubricant and uniformly dispersed into the material , can reduce the friction between the resin molecules sky lubrication. External lubrication in two ways: one is in the polymer material forming the lubricant coated on the surface processing apparatus , allowed to melt at processing temperatures , and the metal surface of a " thin layer " is formed , the plastic melt and processing equipment to isolate, without adhering to the equipment, or ease of stripping off the roll ; another is compatible with the polymer is very small , it is easy to migrate from inside the polymer during processing on the surface, thereby forming a spacer layer material , before the processing of the ingredients added to the plastic dispersion , and migration to the surface during processing , providing lubrication . Mold release agent: Mold and machining the workpiece remain completely chemically inert substance called a release agent . Blowing agents ; make a class of blowing agents are liquid or plastic state within a certain viscosity range of rubber, plastic material forming the microporous structure. Foaming additives: foaming process , and can be used with the blowing agent and to adjust the rate of decomposition of the blowing agent and decomposition temperature of the substance , or to improve the foaming process , the foam stability of the foam structure and improving the quality of the antistatic substance agent ; added to the resin , attached to the fuel or coated plastics , synthetic polymer material surface to prevent static electricity and liquid fuels hazard a class of chemical additives referred to as antistatic agents topical antistatic agents : the use of a coating , spray , dipping or the like so that it is attached to the plastic surface of the fiber , the durability is poor, it is also called temporary antistatic agent. In the antistatic agent used ( or kneaded antistatic agent ) : in the resin during processing ( or in the monomer during polymerization ) was added to the resin composition of an antistatic agent , because it has good durability , and called permanent antistatic agent. Coupling ; are able to improve between the filler and polymer material properties of a class of substances interface . There are two functional groups in its molecular structure : one can react with the polymer matrix , or at least a good chemical compatibility ; another forming a chemical bond with the inorganic filler . Colorants ; changes in the polymer product was added color additives to improve product appearance coloring power : means affect the ability of the paint colors mixed materials , coloring force, the smaller the amount of toner used , the cost is low . Tinting strength toner with their own characteristics , generally , the toner particle size is reduced , increasing the hiding power of the coloring power : the colorant prevents the penetration of light colored products , in other words , the problem is pointed to the size of the toner transparency , the greater the opacity , transparency worse. Mobility: the colorant to the media to material in contact bleeding or migration phenomenon. In general , inorganic salts of organic acids ( lake pigment ) migration is relatively small ; higher molecular weight were relatively low by migration of small . AR agent ; improve the transparency of the crystalline polymer additive generally used in polypropylene plastic , since the crystallization rate of the PP melt is relatively slow , large spherulites are formed easily , thus affecting its transparency. AR agents can join spherulites become microcrystalline structure , improve its transparency. Fluorescent brightener : plastics can increase the whiteness , brightness, making the colors more vibrant substance called optical brighteners. Can absorb invisible ultraviolet light , blue light into longer wavelength visible light or purple . Fungicides : ( biological inhibitors ) inhibit the growth of mold and mildew killing function . Fungicides suitable plastics mainly phenolic compounds , organometallic compounds , halogen-containing organic compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds such as anti-fogging agent : also known as flow drops , the transparent material to prevent damage of a fog additives . Aging: In forming polymer materials , storage, structural changes in the use of the process, gradually lose value phenomenon fill in the blank plastic by nature : thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics. By Use : Universal plastics, engineering plastics . The production process of plastic , polymer, additives, processing equipment are the three main material condition. The main factors affecting the plasticizing analysis: polymer molecular force ( dispersion forces , induced forces and orientation force ) , the degree of crystallinity hydrogen plasticizer , PVC polymer resin is mainly used . Plasticizers increase presses reason : lubricating gel , free volume theory . The theory is generally considered : the plasticized polymer materials , is due to inter- molecular chain of the polymer material weaken the role of aggregation caused . Plasticizer molecules inserted between the polymer chains , the polymer chains between gravity weakens , increasing the mobility of the polymer chains , reduces the crystallinity of the polymer chains , thereby increasing the plastic polymer .