What are the characteristics of plastic light lubricant

Industrial Lubricants
The main function is to reduce the friction surface friction damage. However, due to a wide range of industrial machinery , machinery mainly to meet the requirements of lubricants to reduce friction, wear , there are some special requirements with different working environment, working conditions and proposed . Divided into:
( 1 ) Automotive Lubricants ( 2 ) Industrial Lubricants
Including machine oil (high oil ) , weaving oil, spindle oil, rail oil, rolling oil , gas turbine oil, compressor oil , refrigeration oil, cylinder oil , bunker oil , gear oil, engine pressure gear oil, axle oil , instrument oil , vacuum pump oil
A brief (3 ) The following plastic light lubricant grease .
Plastic light lubricant use: masterbatch , functional masterbatch , cable sheathing materials, pipe materials , films, resin plant .
Plastic light lubricant fluoropolymer is a polymer plastic processing aids, add a small amount (300 ~ 800ppm) to improve the processing performance plastic materials. FL-1 does not change and will not reduce the mechanical properties of high strength plastic .
Plastic light lubricant provides performance and cost advantages unmatched by other similar products . FL-1 is especially  suitable for low MI LLDPE and HDPE film grade processing . SiO2 -based anti -blocking agent -containing , titanium dioxide pigment, inorganic additives and processing of other polyolefin resin also apply. Meanwhile, join in LDPE, EVA and other polyolefin resin processing small amounts of FL-1 also reduces die plot material .
Plastic light lubricant to reduce the apparent viscosity of the melt , which makes use of existing equipment and processing plant capable of high-strength resins. Now with FL-1, the plant can be used to lower the cost of production of high-grade film products and other high- strength and high-quality products .
As a light lubricant additives, plastics processing can reduce or even eliminate melt fracture and can reduce extruder torque. By optimizing the extrusion process , FL-1 can increase capacity , the thickness of the extruded article and a vertical , transverse uniform physical properties ( thus improving the mechanical properties of products ) , and significantly improved surface smoothness . This is particularly beneficial to high -strength film , multi-layer co-extruded film , PE and PEX pipe, wire and cable extrusion products .
Product Features : Improved extrusion processing properties of the polyolefin resin ( lower apparent viscosity , extrusion pressure and process temperature ) ; improve product quality, productivity , reduce production costs ; reduce or eliminate melt fracture , reduce scrap ; reduce or eliminate the die plot material , reducing maintenance rate processing equipment ; conducive processing inorganic additives ( anti-adhesive , paint ) -containing resin .
Usage: To give full play to the role of FL-1 , FL-1 must be uniformly dispersed in the polymer melt fluid. FL-1 is generally necessary to form a 2- to 5% masterbatch using FL-1 in order to facilitate the dispersion and maximize the performance of the FL-1 .

New environmentally friendly calcium zinc stabilizers relatively fast development of complex rapidly

In the chemical industry, production, application of stabilizers is very broad, and more types of stabilizers , including composite stabilizer is the most widely used one . Composite stabilizer , there are many types , including calcium zinc composite stabilizer is a new environmentally friendly composite stabilizer , becoming the choice of many  aluminium stearate customers .
  Some people may think that low prices lead salt stabilizer , good thermal stability and select it. But this remind you of lead salts are salts of heavy metals , fine powder , once being inhaled, can cause lead poisoning, so in order sake of people's health , calcium zinc composite stabilizer changes the shackles of such a technique . It is mixed with a significant improvement in the uniformity of the resin dispersion . Mixing formula , simplified measurement frequency, to reduce the probability of loss and the resulting measurement error is brought about . A simple supply and reserve materials , conducive to the production , quality management . Offers the possibility of clean production of products, improve production conditions.
Due to environmental philosophy deeply rooted social , calcium zinc composite stabilizer win broad market rapidly developing world , prospects, countries are optimistic about its potential and its benefits to the environment , and it is its location, unique charm to the world PVC stabilizer  prove their role and status can not be replaced , the sustainable development of social stability needed it , but also environmental sustainability need it ! prospects for the development of the industry PVC non-toxic calcium zinc stabilizers tenths promising. Actively committed to the development and production of calcium zinc composite stabilizer. At present , the main products are calcium zinc composite stabilizer , PVC compound stabilizer , composite stabilizer and so on. As a professional production of composite stabilizer business, with advanced production equipment, laboratory  Chrolinated polyethylene equipment, testing equipment and professional R & D team , the company from the vital interests of customers, to green for the concept, to provide customers with high safety and environmental protection quality products, welcome customers to choose from.

Analysis of the principle of a flame retardant

Flame retardants , simply, the object is to prevent combustion additives, the flame retardant effect can reduce the speed of the object and scope of combustion , and can not absolutely prevent burning objects , also known as flame- retardant agent, and therefore , the refractory  impact modifier agents or fire retardant . Our flame retardant into inorganic flame retardants , wood paper fabric flame retardant, fire retardant , brominated flame retardants four categories, flame retardant materials in different ways in different add retardant principle basically the same, with small series please go find out. ( 1 ) An article comprising a flame retardant can produce flame smothering extinguishing gas during combustion . Such as antimony trioxide, it encountered due to the combustion of HCL can react with Chrolinated polyethylene  a smothering gas quenching , namely antimony oxides of nitrogen in PVC , which play a flame effect. ( 2 ) the heat generated during combustion of the flame retardant material can absorb , from cooling effect of slowing the rate of combustion . Such as aluminum hydroxide , the proportion of the molecule which contains chemically bound water of up to 34 % of this bound water stable at processing temperatures of most plastics , but  PVC lubricant more than 200 ℃, begin to decompose , releasing water vapor. And every one mole of aluminum hydroxide decomposition , to absorb 36 kcal. ( 3 ) providing  a layer of oxygen barrier layer isolated , self-extinguishing due to the isolation of oxygen , such as the phosphate -based flame retardant that is generated by burning oxygen barrier phosphide barrier layer .
( 4 ) can generate free radicals react with the plastic , they can be the reaction product from the flame retardant plastics .

Brief Introduction synthetic wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment

 Whether or papermaking wastewater pretreatment chemical wastewater pretreatment , all belong to the sewage pretreatment kind of sewage treatment in the throat . The frequently used in the pretreatment  PVC stabilizer for pipe of aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride , etc. coagulation . We take a look at what is the chemical wastewater pretreatment and paper wastewater pretreatment .
Synthetic wastewater pretreatment
Chemical pretreatment of the waste water system, since the fiber waste acidic or alkaline , so be neutralized before treatment , adjusted to neutral PH value , generally in the acid water and alkali , alkaline neutralization of acid waste , acid may also be used where conditions and water mix . Waste water pH adjustment , the need for pre-treatment to remove SS and oil substances, such as the use of flotation oil, coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and some organic substances in addition to other . Wastewater pretreatment process can improve biodegradability . After the  plastic additive pretreatment of waste water into the biological treatment units , most of the organic compounds and other contaminants are effectively removed .
Papermaking wastewater pretreatment
 Paper industry wastewater treatment plant can be divided into pre- and off-site pretreatment pretreatment, pretreatment plant is mainly white pulp for recycling water , often using filtration , flotation , etc. for recycling, can avoid a lot of pulp to the wastewater treatment system , both to improve the yield of pulp and save the cost of wastewater treatment ; outside the factory pre- materialized mainly in order to ensure access , biochemical wastewater treatment system to the greatest extent to meet the  technical requirements, enables the system to stabilize operation.
 No matter what kind of method requires water pretreatment , pretreatment mainly to improve water quality in order  Flame retardant to meet the water requirements of the process , to improve the overall effect of waste water treatment , to ensure the stability of the processing system , thus pre- in the paper industry wastewater treatment has a very important position. In addition, wastewater pretreatment , such as lime dosing can be disinfected .

Correct view of non-halogenated flame retardants problem

According to whether they contain halogen elements ( mainly bromine and chlorine ) , flame retardants and halogenated flame retardants can be divided into two major categories of non-halogen flame retardants . Among them, halogenated flame retardants ( mainly brominated flame retardants ) development of an early start , mature technology, the number has nearly a hundred species , common products decaBDE , decabromodiphenyl ethane, tetrabromobisphenol phenol a, six HBCD , etc. ; rather late start flame retardants , common products, including phosphate, red phosphorus and organic pigments  other phosphorus-based flame retardants, such as melamine familiar to the public as well as nitrogen-containing flame retardants hydroxide aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide flame retardants and inorganic minerals . At present, China modified plastics used in halogen flame retardant mainly electrical and electronic products contain halogenated flame retardants . Therefore, in the Chinese market , halogen flame retardant has a pivotal position , and showed a steady growth momentum of development.
Halogen electronic appliances has become one of the issues the industry must face . The origin and development of non-halogenated background comprehensive understanding of non-halogenated problem , we must first understand the history of halogen elements . "Halogen " is a Greek word meaning " salt produced stuff" , a halogen or a halogen element is stearate aluminum  bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine and astatine five kinds of chemical elements in general. Bromide is mainly used in insecticides and fumigants and other products, but also the main ingredient of many drugs , such as anti- histamine drugs and painkillers . Of course , by far , the most important is the use of bromide manufacture brominated flame retardants. Halogen-free and have a correct view of halogen-free flame retardants and halogen- halogen flame retardants have different performance , strengths and weaknesses and areas of application , should not be selective . Regulators , industry organizations and industry chain should focus on the individual has problems even by some potassium stearate  regulations prohibit products, rather than a stick and killed a category of products , such as all or halogen flame retardant halogen-free flame retardants. We should be aware that only indicates that the flame retardant halogen-free does not contain bromine, chlorine, fluorine , iodine, astatine these five halogen elements , neither on behalf of environmental protection, can not represent the whole industry development direction. Balanced and coordinated development of different flame retardants should play their respective role in fire safety .

The configuration of the flame retardant treatment solution

"Fire escape" Wood retardant and water ratio is generally 1:4-1:6 (weight ratio), the more difficult to recommend the use of wood fire retardant treatment solution higher concentrations.
Fire-retardant treated wood:
General treatment using the vacuum Plastic impact modifier  pressure, the vacuum time is usually 30-60 minutes before, most broadleaf forest (such as birch, linden, elm) pressing time is 30-45 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 trillion fear. Red pine infusion time is 2-3 hours at a pressure of 1.4 MPa, impregnation depth 8-10 mm.
Each time after the treatment liquid can be recycled, the concentration of the treatment solution does not change due to the number of treated wood and change. Retardant lumber production process - vacuum pressure impregnation profile:
1 kg in the container into the amount  stearate aluminum of water, add wood flame, stirring, dissolving into the wood fire retardant transparent solution;
(2) high-pressure impregnation of wood into the pot, cover lid;
3 is evacuated to 600 ~ 650 mm Hg, for 30 to 60 minutes; 4 retardant tank timber opens the connection of the valve, depend on the vacuum pressure impregnation of wood flame into the tank, filled with a flame retardant impregnation of wood cans vacuum was released, close the  PVC shoes stabilizer vacuum valve; 5. slowly pressurized to 1.2 ~ 1.4MPa, and maintained for 2 to 4 hours;
6 Wood Flame absorption: Dry Wood Flame / dry timber = 10 to 15%. Take 4 to 6 in advance with the specifications of timber, label, weighing, the sample dispersion into the dipping tank; immersion period, remove the sample, weighed to calculate the absorption retardant timber. If insufficient absorption retardant timber, extending the immersion time.

Titanium dioxide industry should focus on some of the issues of environmental protection

Environment is the only place where we live , Mother Earth as we deal with every day in excess of garbage , but apparently excessive garbage Mother Earth has been unable to make too much for us to do things . So no matter what we have to first think of our living environment . For Acrylic processing aid  environmental protection is titanium dioxide industry is no exception , then we go to see the titanium dioxide industry it.
With the deepening awareness of environmental protection , a lot of the industry's products are increasingly focused on adding environmental elements. Titanium dioxide industry , but also should pay attention to protect the environment. Focus on product quality , environmentally friendly products concerned .
As we all know , paper, steel , coal and other heavy polluting industries belong , in the paper industry applications also belong to the heavy pollution of titanium products, titanium dioxide industry also belong to the heavily polluting industries. With the relevant departments of the importance of high- polluting industries , the Department is developing titanium dioxide industry 's pollution control policies . Many companies also  titanium dioxide strengthened titanium dioxide for the prevention and treatment of pollutants , and strive to do a good job fast pace of transformation and upgrading . As we all know, the chemical name is titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide, which is recognized as the world's best performance of white pigment . While pollution is a major problem, but titanium dioxide business environment very seriously . Because, as long as they focus on the environment , the enterprise has a better development . A business to long-term development , in addition to high -quality products and quality services , but also should have some sense of social responsibility . After all, is a commercial society , in the family exist, and can not simply not pay attention to the development of the views of the people around . In the development of enterprises do not care about an important part of environmental protection . Companies only care about their Plastic chemical  own economic development , but also pay attention to social benefits, in order to have a longer-term development .
 Titanium dioxide industry needs to pay attention to environmental protection , which is a manifestation of social responsibility . Of course, the titanium dioxide industry , there are many companies to focus on quality and titanium dioxide business environment , will combine to make the idea as a business development momentum.

PVC thermal degradation and thermal stabilizer is different

Thermal degradation of PVC industrial production mainly due to its molecular structure containing labile defects. Currently, the synthesis can not fundamentally improved methods and processes to avoid or reduce the generation of defects, so adding "thermal stabilizer" PVC improve thermal stability. In practical applications requiring heat stabilizers have a more comprehensive performance, any one of a single component heat stabilizers are unable to meet. Thermal stabilizers actual synergistic effect on the development of composite system design principles, called compound heat stabilizer. Zinc-based composite thermal stability synergy: synergistic heat stabilizers "and in HCl", HCl and ZnCl2 concentration inhibiting growth  PVC stabilizer for cable weakened HCl catalytic thermal degradation of PVC, PVC to improve long-term stability; synergistic heat stabilizers and HCl stabilizers protect the main effect, slowing consumption, thereby slowing the rate of PVC discoloration. Main effect by replacing unstable chlorine stabilizer inhibition of thermal degradation of PVC triggered not only suppressed discoloration of PVC, while also protecting the heat stabilizer synergist, slowing its consumption.
  PVC is one of the world's five  iron oxide red common plastics in China, the first one of its consumption. China's economic development, especially the development of urbanization and real estate, to make PVC building materials in China was a great opportunity for development, its demand substantial growth; addition, transportation, communications and other fields demand for PVC resin was rapid growth. PVC profile windows and doors for cold insulation, weather resistance and good corrosion resistance, environmental compliance, energy consumption than ordinary steel doors and windows can save 17%. China's total energy consumption of building energy consumption accounted for about 1/4, building insulation performance, energy consumption accounted for 50% of housing energy waste. Today's increasingly global concern for environmental issues to prevent climate warming, the application of magnesium hydroxide  different doors and windows will have new potential. Thermal stabilizer the performance of the basic thermal stability, processing and weathering resistance. With the development of the plastics industry, and other performance additives accompanied exist, the optimized design of the "one package" of products are PVC heat stabilizers entered a mature stage of the landmark achievements. Balanced overall performance, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, easy to use and customize to improve production efficiency, "a package" of composite stabilizer, is expected to be in the world has been generally welcomed, and become the future development trend.

Detailed description of the main lubricant

Grease, inorganic and organic grease grease 4 categories.
Solid lubricant
Sports watch two opposite surfaces for reducing friction and wear of the solid powder or a film. Commonly used solid lubricant with stone
Lubricants
Ink, molybdenum disulfide, PTFE, nylon, boron nitride and fluorinated graphite. Solid lubricant mainly used  PVC stabilizer for fittings in demanding tough conditions, such as heavy (heavy machinery and metal cold extrusion dies, etc.), high temperature (steel machinery, nuclear reactors such as stents), low speed (Machine Tool, etc.), ultra-high vacuum (spacecraft machinery, etc.), cryogenic (liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen pump, etc.), strong radiation (nuclear reactors, etc.), strong corrosion (chemical equipment, etc.), pollution (thrust spacecraft systems, textile machinery and paper machinery etc.), after the installation staff inconvenience close  oxidized PE WAX  (nuclear energy machinery and aircraft parts and other seals) and requirements of the environment is very clean (food, medical and pharmaceutical machinery, etc.) and other occasions. General use of the solid lubricant are: ① Overall use, such as nylon or PTFE, plastic gears, bearings and cams; ② in the form of a variety of coating film, such as adhesive film, a conversion coating, plasma sprayed film and sputtering film; ③ a composite material or combination of materials used in the form, such as the metal-matrix Diethylene glycol dibenzoate  composites and metal liquid impregnated into the pores of the metal graphite composite material such as graphite; ④ direct use of solid lubricant powder or the powder such as graphite powder and molybdenum disulfide powder added to the oil, the use of grease.

Soap significance

Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases are the two leading causes of death among children under five every year , there are more than 3.5 million children in the world because of diarrhea and pneumonia can not celebrate their fifth birthday soap , wash your hands with soap could save millions of children lives. Also wash your hands can prevent skin infections, eye infections, intestinal parasites , SARS and avian flu , cancer patients and people living with HIV in health benefits.
Soap for all countries and impact modifier  communities in both technical and economic whatever life-saving interventions. Advance the measure , not only because of its healthy , but also because people feel comfortable with soap , can reflect a person's social status , education , hand allows more intimate between people .
After using the toilet , scrub ass to the child after hand contact with food before , these three cases , we must use soap or hand sanitizer .
Soap benefits
Hand washing is the cornerstone of public health , new health behaviors and public health services are infectious disease mortality in the late 19th century rapid decline in rich countries a major factor . And fecal isolation and safe handling, as well as providing a sufficient plastic flame retardant  amount of pure water , like washing hands with soap or hand sanitizer is the prevention of diarrheal disease is one of the most effective ways ( can reduce infection rate half ) , it is also the cheapest way . In addition, handwashing with soap can limit the spread of respiratory disease ( reduced infection rate quarter ) . Moreover, with soap or hand sanitizer is also strong against other diseases barrier ( such as worms , eye infections such as trachoma , skin infections such as impetigo ) .
Soap costs
Handwashing with soap is the most inexpensive health intervention . Disability -adjusted life years (Disability-Adjusted Life Years, DALYs) is the loss of life through an integrated soap costs and the number of years of life lost in disability status to measure the  chromium oxide number of years the burden of disease and the effectiveness of health interventions . Obviously, handwashing with soap is the return of diarrhea-related DALYs most effective method. Handwashing expenditure was significantly lower than immunization , such as: a need to invest DALY cost of measles immunization  between . This is not to say that vaccination is not necessary, but merely pointed out that , due to the general lack of investment to promote hand-washing , we missed a surprising number of ways to use the cheapest life-saving opportunities. Most of the world has affordable family soap, so the cost is not a significant reason for people to wash their hands with soap .

retardants some special significance

Most plastics are flammable . With the plastic in the construction, furniture, transportation, aviation , aerospace , electrical and other aspects of the widely used to improve  fluorescent brightener the flame retardancy of plastics has become a very urgent issue. Inhibiting polymer flame retardant is a class of flammability additives, they are mostly of the Periodic Table Ⅴ, Ⅶ Ⅲ elements and compounds ; especially phosphorus , bromine , chlorine , antimony and aluminum compounds. Sub- additive flame retardants and reactive types . Flame retardant halogen-containing primarily phosphate and phosphate, a halogenated hydrocarbon , antimony oxide , and aluminum hydroxide . Advantage is easy to use and adaptable . However, the PVC profile stabilizer  addition of capacity of 10 % to 30% , often affect the performance of plastics . Reactive flame retardant containing the elements actually monomer, it has little effect on the plastic properties . Common reactive flame retardants , halogenated anhydrides such as for polyesters , for epoxy resins of tetrabromobisphenol A, and phosphorus for polyurethane polyol. Initially flame retardants used in the U.S. , after the 1960s, the amount of surge current usage after plasticizer. Consuming most varieties of plastic flame retardant polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane foam , unsaturated acrylic processing  polyester , ABS resin and polypropylene.
Most plastic is flammable , its products, which brought a lot of application security risks. Precisely, flame retardants, flame retardants known as more appropriate , because " flame " contains two meanings flame retardant and smoke suppression , compared with the broader concept of flame retardants . However , long time, people have become accustomed to the concept of use of flame retardants , so the current literature is actually referred to in the flame retardant and smoke suppression effect of functional additives in general.

some use of flour brightener

The active ingredients of flour brightener benzoyl peroxide (BPO), learning called benzoyl peroxide , it is our late eighties and started from abroad commonly used in flour food additives , flour brightener is mainly used to bleach flour, while speeding up the  PVC heat stabilizer for fittings ripening of flour . The main purposes : as a plastic catalyst , oil refining, bleaching wax , pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Literature for vinyl units ( vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile , etc. ) and photochemical reactions of polymerization initiators, heat or friction will spontaneously explode , contacting combustibles may cause fire , shall be stored in a cool, dark and attention to fire prevention . The main raw material
The main raw material is flour brightener benzoyl peroxide .
Chemical Characteristics
MF : C14H10O4; (C6H5 C O) 2 O2
Appearance: white or light yellow thin columns , slightly bitter almond odor
Molecular weight: 242.23 boiling point  PVC foaming board stabilizer decomposition ( explosion )
Physical Characteristics
Melting point : 103 ℃ ( decomposition )
Solubility : soluble in water , methanol, soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone , benzene , chloroform, carbon disulfide
Density : relative density ( water = 1 ) 1.33 Stability stable
Health hazard pathways : inhaled , ingested.
Health hazards : This pair of upper respiratory tract irritation. The skin has a strong , irritation and sensitization. Entering the eye can cause damage. Production method
30% of the hydrogen peroxide and caustic reaction of sodium peroxide solution, then with benzoyl chloride derived  epoxidized soybean oil reaction. Reaction conducted at about 0 ℃ , high temperature is caused by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide , benzoyl chloride is easily affected by acid hydrolysis yields. The resultant precipitate benzoyl peroxide filtering, washing , drying derived products . Industrial products benzoyl peroxide content of up to 99% ( two items ) , mp 102-106 ℃.
Mechanism: benzoyl peroxide and the enzyme in the flour under the action of water , react to release active oxygen oxidation of a small amount of flour to wheat flour colored substance reaches the purpose of whitening , and generate the acid, able to flour from mildew role

Introduction of oil paint

Oil painting oil paint is a special paints, pigment powder from the refueling and mixer grinding. The basic components of oil paints and other paints as the pigment, extender pigment containing reagent and certain excipients such as plasticizers, stabilizers, slow drying agent or driers agent composition. Binding agent
Is composed of resin, drying oil and grease, balms and waxes, but usually used directly linseed oil.
Ratio of the pigment composition and
Usage, subject to pigment  red iron oxide production process, cost, and storage, features, and many other factors, the different nature and different levels of pigment types of the raw material and the proportion of different constituents.
Pigment
Is the main component paints, its quality and the merits of the pigment content is also a major factor in the decision, but also directly affect the oil painting effect.
High pigment
Pigments of high quality raw materials chosen to ensure the purity of the color fastness and durability.
Ordinary paint
General level is used and mixed with a certain proportion of the toner filler, low cost choice of colorant pigment of poor quality, low cost, low filler blended more.
The toner used in addition to the  PVC profile stabilizer previously mentioned painting of the performance, it is important to also consider the toner contained in the oil itself, the diffusion capacity of the toner, i.e., whether the performance of the oil fusion good question.
Containing reagent micro granular pigment color must be a liquid carrier medium to spread and application of liquid paint when dried, this thin film containing reagent to form the pigment particles firmly bonded together and stick to the foundation on.
Ingredient
There are dry vegetable oil in linseed oil, walnut oil, poppy oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil. They are oxidized in air leaving through the dried paint film, after drying oil paint colors and humid almost no significant difference, and this is one of the main advantages paintings.
Auxiliary materials
In addition to the toner and the toner contained in addition, depending on the pigment and the pigment performance specifications, in the production of the pigment is added to a certain proportion of auxiliary materials such as plastic agents, fillers, stabilizers, gloss agents and driers .
Wax, aluminum stearate, etc. can be added to the pigment in the pigment stable consistency and increased plasticity.
Pigment hiding low tinting strength is poor, often used as a filler in a general increase in oil paint. Although fillers will reduce the color purity, but for some colorant is a pigment and can take this improved properties such as thickness and fineness, color film can also adjust the hardness, the pigment is more stable performance and reduce costs.
Some toner slow drying, although the drying may use fast drying, but still need to add cobalt, manganese, lead driers.
Others need to use colorants opposite slow drying oil paint retarder to slow the drying rate. Some oil paint added to the resin used approaches to increase the gloss of the pigment.
The ratio of various materials
The quality and cost of the  titanium dioxide pigment have played an important role, as its technology vendors secrets, so oil paint painter often unable to understand the exact composition of the specific circumstances.
Edit this paragraph performance
Effects and work life
Effects and techniques of oil painting with oil paints work life of the performance has a direct relationship
Oil paint performance
Tinting strength, light power, opacity, transparency, oil absorption, toughness, dryness, plasticity and leveling and so on.
Some of these properties directly affect the painting effect, some will indirectly have an impact, some are related to pigment production.
Oil paints a variety of performance according to different needs through the use of different media agents and auxiliary materials to be adjusted appropriately.
Coloring pigment tinting strength
More simply refers to the diffusion capacity of the pigment, that a certain kind of paint pigments mixed with another baseline after showing the ability of its original color intensity. Usually in white color for other colors benchmarks to measure their coloring. Tinting strength is also one of the main properties of pigment.
The strength of coloring pigments
Mainly by the pigment itself, the degree of light absorption and reflection of the decision, the greater absorption capacity, the stronger coloring.
Toner particle size and dispersion of the pigment is the coloring power.
In the same colors, organic pigment tinting strength generally stronger than inorganic pigments such as violet, red, crimson, and scarlet, etc. Some colors are too strong tinting strength strong bleeding, poor stability of the fatal shortcomings.
When used in a multilayer painting pan bottom color will produce color, it is difficult to be completely covered, so it is best to avoid using these colors, a last resort should be carefully controlled, with the deployment of such a color composite color should be the first added in small amounts , to reconcile uniform, and then gradually increase the dosage.
Edit this paragraph light force
Light force also called Fast force or lightfastness, is the pigment in the sun's ultraviolet radiation to maintain the original color tolerance, in general, inorganic pigments in the light of the role will darken gray hair, organic pigments then fades fading However, the light power sum up, the inorganic pigment is superior to general organic pigments.
Light force is an important indicator of the quality of identification of pigments
Light force test
Xenon light has a dedicated tester can simulate sunlight exposure can greatly reduce test time.
Light power level
Press the light fastness standards are divided into 1-8.
In general, the majority of organic pigments are not lightfast, mineral pigments are light, such as Alizarin red light will gradually fade, and yellowish brown, earth red and quality ultramarine was enduring.
In addition, between the pigment to be compatible with each other, and some paint reconcile because of a chemical reaction to change the hue; There's another color will penetrate the cover color, causing trouble.
Oil paint color lakes raw materials used in the production of rose, violet and pink, etc. are very poor light pigment force should be avoided.
Other red cadmium red and vermilion class except, if a join when there will be a white dilute noticeable fading phenomenon.
In addition, the role of oil, too much oil can cause yellowing darker hue, these are what we should try to avoid.
So some of the paint is easy to reconcile the best selection, fast drying, relatively stable pigment, and try to control the color range in a relatively concise, in order to avoid more accidents.
Many ancient masters are selected so familiar, easily, apply certain types of pigments to freely control, to achieve their goal of painting.
Simple test methods pigment
We are their common pigments can also be used to test the easiest way:
The need to test paint coating on the canvas or board, it is best to make the same kind of paint were painted flat, thick coating, thin coating and processing white dilute test.
Subject to color with black paper to dry up on the half block sunlight exposure, after comparing the results observed after a few months, you will find different colors of light force difference.
Hiding
The optical properties of the pigment determines the hiding power of paint pigment opacity and transparency, when the refractive index of the pigment and the presence of the surrounding medium are equal, the color of which was transparent. And when the pigment is greater than the refractive index of the medium refractive index is generated when hiding, hiding the greater the difference between the stronger.
Determinants of hiding
Pigment light scattering and absorption of the scattering rate is large or the color of a strong absorption capacity corresponding to a strong hiding it.
Hiding is one of the main characteristics of oil paint, oil painting effect opaque and translucent effects are determined by the strength of the pigment hiding.
Oil paint in strong hiding power are white, black, and iron-based pigments.
Transparency and opacity pigments as also determined by its refractive index and reflectivity, but just the opposite, and the former. Good color transparency necessarily weak covering power, and vice versa.
Transparency of the pigment particles but also with the toner weight, dispersion and shape of the crystal.
When painting the transparency of the pigment can be used to cover the method of color forming dye color. In the oil paint, each color hue are the respective relatively transparent, translucent and opaque pigments are available.
Generally, oil paints have better transparency crimson, green, ultramarine blue, ivory black and so on.
For transparent painting pigments containing reagent and color media agent itself should also have good transparency, after the addition of the pigment can make some of the original is not very transparent pigments have some transparency.
Whatever pigments, its transparent and opaque are not absolute, oil paint opacity and transparency is also relative.
The actual number of colors in the painting is in the state of various translucent and transparent and opaque color gamut together to form a rich and subtle contrast.