intenal lubricant is essential for PVC processing aids

Lubricants are essential in PVC processing aid. Add the right amount of lubricant in PVC can reduce friction between macromolecules PVC and PVC particles melt before the melt; reduce friction between the PVC melt plastic mechanical contact with the surface. PVC amount of lubricant can improve melt flow, increase productivity, and to prevent friction and heat caused by PVC
Degradation, improve product appearance quality. By WSD Stabilizers for pipe  function can be divided into external lubricant and the lubricant. PVC with poor external lubricant, easily migrate to the surface of the resin inside the melt, forming an interface layer of lubricant, thereby reducing the friction between the particles P PVC melt and the molten plastic prior to the mechanical contact between the faces. Lubricants containing a polar group, and has good compatibility with PVC, PVC can reduce inter-molecular forces, reduce melt viscosity and improve the melt fluidity.
Lubricant inside and outside of the points but relatively speaking, there is no strict criteria for the classification. Resin in WSD PVC lubricants  different polarities, the effect of external lubricants may change.
Such as stearic alcohol, stearic acid amine, butyl stearate, and stearic acid monoglyceride polar resin (such as PVC, PA) made, within lubrication, but for non-polar resin (such as PE
, PP), the outer displayed lubrication. Conversely, with a polar polymer such as paraffin resin phase difference, such as in a polar
PVC used as external lubricant applications: PVC lubricants in the plastics industry as the main mold release agents, plasticizers, antistatic agents, especially for plastic foam products, anti-shrinkage agents. In the production of PVC products as lubricants, and  WSD Polyethylene wax alkyd resin can be used as a modifier, a plasticizer of cellulose nitrate. A lubricant in the resin to improve the flowability and plastic processing products releasability to prevent the adhesion of the mold cavity or within the defects. General increase in the mold cavity plastic or coated surfaces. Common lubricants are fatty acids and their salts, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the mechanism of action of lubricant can be divided into external and internal lubricant lubricants.

Flame retardant mechanism of some analysis

The purpose of the implementation of flame retardant technology , such non-flame retardant materials , flame retardant performance , under certain conditions, can not easily burn or extinguish . Non- retardant materials with flame retardant properties , the most direct way is to add flame retardants in the material . Xiaobian for you about flame retardant mechanism analysis and classification .
 1, the combustion flame to be carbonized , to organic pigments  achieve the flame-retardant effect . The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the solid phase , in this category are mainly phosphorus flame retardant material ( including organic and inorganic phosphorus phosphorus ) .
2 , formed under the conditions in the combustion flame is not volatile diaphragm , isolated from the air reaches retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the liquid phase . Retardant materials in this category are mainly borates , halides , antimony oxide and phosphorus -based material , or several materials which reflect the interaction between substances generated . 3, the heat of combustion of the  magnesium stearate combustible material dispersion and dilution. Such fire-retardant material is mainly zinc borate , aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide and other substances, mainly due to the endothermic decomposition of a large , non-combustible material dilution resulting combustible gas flame to achieve the objective .
4 , flame retardants decomposition products will be cut off so as to achieve a chain reaction of hydroxyl radicals retardant purposes. The flame retardant effect is mainly play a role in the gas phase . The material in this category are mainly play a role in the gas phase . Such flame retardant and antimony oxide are mainly halide .
Flame retardant products, generally to choose non-toxic, non-polluting products, fire retardant products produced by PVC foaming board stabilizer  our company , there are halogen-free flame retardants, wood flame retardants, brominated flame retardants , in addition to sales of magnesium hydroxide , active magnesium oxide , light magnesium oxide flame retardant products .

Flame retardant plastics must be added

   Everywhere in our lives, plastic products , plastic products in people's lives , the most widely used of a class of substances. We all know that plastics have flammable properties , life, many of  dibasic lead stearate the fire accidents , mostly caused by the combustion of plastic products , in order to protect people's safety and reduce fire hazard , plastic products in the course of processing , be sure to add flame retardants.
Combustion flame has prevented the material properties , the main demand for a flame retardant plastic , delay or prevent the plastic polymer plastics , especially burning. Increase the time it lit , lit self-extinguishing , difficult to ignite . Flame retardant additive is one of the important plastics processing , it can make plastic with flame retardant , self-extinguishing and smoke , thereby improving the safety performance of plastic products . On production and consumption , the current flame has  low molecular polyethylene become second plasticizer plastics additives, flame retardants consumption worldwide has more than 100 million tons. Flame retardant product selection , to comply with the following general requirements. ( 1 ) flame retardant , high efficiency ; ( 2 ) flame retardants with non-toxic , non-irritating odor properties , flame retardant process does not release toxic gases and smoke a lot . ( 3) The flame retardant has a good compatibility with the material can be uniformly dispersed in the plastic products , not carbon black  with plastics chemical reaction of the other components , does not affect the color and surface finish of plastic , and will not reduce the plastic the mechanical properties , electrical properties and other performance.
( 4 ) flame retardants in a wide range of different properties , in accordance with the use of different methods can be divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant . Additive flame retardant used for thermoplastics , is the largest amount of flame retardants , about 90% of total world retardants . The reactive flame retardant is used for thermosetting plastics .

plasticizer compatibility of the polymer is good or bad in accordance with the trial and experience to determine

Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester, a few are a low melting solid, they do not generally react with PVC. Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility, low price, high plasticization efficiency, plasticized speed, durability (low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance), environmental stability good (light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant), health is good (to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non-polluting, tasteless), electrical insulation, good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the  aluminium distearate conditions. In actual use, the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore, to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic, beautiful appearance; plastic sheeting requirements harmless to crops, light, heat; wire and cable materials are the main PVC window stabilizer  requirements and good electrical insulation. In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should also focus on the selection of the following factors: PVC resin performance; product performance required; plasticizer processing adaptability, cost. Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself, compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered. Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency, plasticizers no segregation, no exudation, product flexibility and long service life. In the production practice, plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins, and a suitable solvent by mixing, to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film, its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility, fuzzy means poor compatibility. Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No vegetable stearic acid  description plasticizer exudation good compatibility, oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse. According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar. Thus, the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer. Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity, dipole moment, and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds. Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC, plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter, dielectric constant of 4-8.

Plasticizer: green alternative trend of some use

For a long time, plasticizer DOP (dioctyl phthalate) and other phthalate products. With these additives in the food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely, toxicity studies in it more and more attention. Found that when the blood inlet PVC storage bag body, the products that are found in the lungs with DOP. Although the DOP is carcinogenic to make people still debated, but because of its carcinogenic potential suspects, countries have taken the appropriate restrictive stearate lead  measures. At present, the domestic production of some of the main plasticizer properties, especially health, low toxicity, it is difficult to meet the environmental requirements.
Since the DOA higher production costs, the domestic PVC cling film producers substantially with DOP, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) as a primary plasticizer. This produced cling film, used in high fat meat products, or use it to wrap food in the microwave, the plasticizer into the food more opportunities, potentially harmful to human health. DOP plasticizer especially considering there is a potential cancer hazard, the international community has begun to take appropriate measures to limit the dibasic lead stearate  use. Countries around the world have accelerated the toxic plasticizer product development efforts, especially for plastic products with high hygiene requirements based applied research. However, in our country, has been eliminated or restrict the use of foreign plasticizers such as DOP is also a great market, and the production of new enterprises for the non-toxic plasticizer is not enough emphasis on the development and promotion. Due to low prices, the domestic market 80% plasticizer DOP, DBP and so on.
In recent years, the rapid development  PVC heat stabilizer for window of the plastics industry as a whole environment, there is a degree of development of plastic additives, but mainly on the volume growth. Face of the global plastic additives industry, large-scale production, product specification refinement, multi-functional and development trend of environmental protection, China's plastics additives industry enterprises should be the perspective of sustainable development, increase green plasticizer product development efforts , in the industrial scale, environmental performance, and product quality, value-added and other aspects of establishing development advantages, and strive to compete in the new round of international markets for the spot.

What is produced by the human body lubricant

It has long been trying to apply the lubricant human , lubricants ( liquid ) most applications in clinical medicine in the early examination of the human body : a lot of medical equipment will be in -depth at different levels of the human body caused by mechanical injury , lubricants You can minimize the body tissue , mucosal damage. Early human lubricant is  tribasic lead sulphate glycerin and hydrophilic substance as the main component , was improved by adding glass , sodium ethyl cellulose , Kaposi mother and other ingredients, improved reducing sticky , balance pH , to try and human humoral similar , reducing the probability of occurrence of allergic symptoms .
Lubricants used in human sexuality also has a very long history , but early people used vegetable oils such as olive oil and so on. However, due to limited composition effect is not ideal , easily contaminated clothing , not easy to be absorbed by the body ; Later, people Acrylic processing aid  have tried to use Vaseline, baby oil , shower gel, massage oil, petroleum-based mineral oil as a lubricating substance ; these substances are often sticky too large and difficult to clean after use is likely to cause residues, even after use is likely to be blocked by both men and women the urethra , resulting in difficulty urinating pain , and it will destroy the carbon black  condom stable , resulting in unwanted pregnancies , which will be on the human body damage ; now on the market are mainly used in the human body lubricant sex lubricating ; human lubricant weak acidic PH value 5-7 , consistent with the vaginal environment , while its viscosity is 1500-2000mpa.s lubricating properties and is the body's secretions are not available , so the lubricant is not only excellent human body secretions supplements , better play secretions can not achieve smooth effect, the colorless , odorless , tasteless , non greasy characteristics , allowing people to fully enjoy the natural sex. While the use of more safe and convenient.

impact modifier and processing modifiers contrast between

Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass  iron oxide yellow transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS  chromium oxide resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine polyethylene oxide  content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .

PVC plastic formulations detailed process stabilizer

PVC processed at high temperatures, can easily emit HCL, form unstable polyolefin structure. Meanwhile, HCL has a self-catalysis, will make further degraded PVC. In addition, if the presence of oxygen or iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and cadmium ions, will catalyze the degradation of PVC, accelerate aging. Therefore, the plastic will be a variety of undesirable phenomena such as discoloration, deformation, cracking, mechanical plastic processing aid  strength, electrical insulation performance, brittle hair and so on. To solve these problems, the formula must be added stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers is essential. For PVC stabilizers include thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and a chelating agent. Formulation design products according to the requirements and processing requirements of different species, different amounts of stabilizer. Heat stabilizer must be able to capture the heat stabilizer having a pvc resin discharged from the catalytic HCL, or PVC resin can be produced with polyolefin structural instability reflected from the addition, to prevent or reduce the decomposition of PVC resin. Generally used in the formulation of the thermal stabilizer features, functions and products required to consider. For example: lead salt stabilizer is mainly used in hard products in. Lead salt stabilizer has good thermal stability, excellent electrical properties, low cost and so on. But its toxicity, easily contaminated products, can only produce opaque products. In recent years, compound stabilizer is a large number, one-component stabilizer has the danger of being replaced. Composite stabilizer is characterized by specific and strong, pollution, processing enterprises, the advantages of simple ingredients. However, no uniform standard, so each of the composite stabilizer vary greatly. Barium cadmium-based stabilizers is better performance of a heat stabilizers. Wider use of PVC plastic sheeting. Usually barium cadmium and zinc and organic phosphite antioxidant and use. Calcium zinc stabilizers can be used as non-toxic stabilizers used in food packaging and medical devices, pharmaceutical packaging, but its stability is relatively low education, a large amount of calcium-based stabilizers when transparency is poor, easy to spray cream. Calcium zinc stabilizers are usually used polyols and antioxidants to improve its performance, the country has recently been used in rigid pipe Ca-Zn compound stabilizer appears. Organotin heat stabilizers better performance for rigid PVC products with a iron oxide red  better variety of transparent products, especially toxic octyl tin packaging products almost become indispensable stabilizer, but its price is more expensive. Epoxy-type stabilizers usually used as secondary stabilizer. Such stabilizers and calcium barium cadmium zinc stabilizers are used together can improve the stability of light and heat, the drawback is easy to bleed. As well as the auxiliary stabilizer polyols, organic phosphites can. In recent years, there is also a rare earth-based stabilizers, and hydrotalcite-based stabilizer, a rare earth stabilizer is characterized by excellent processability, and hydrotalcite stabilizer is non-toxic. (Two) Antioxidant PVC products used in the processing of the process, due to heat, ultraviolet light oxidation, which generates free radicals and oxidative degradation related. Strand terminators primary antioxidant is also known as free radical scavenger. Its main role is to combine with free radicals to form a stable compound, the chain reaction terminated, PVC with a primary antioxidant is generally bisphenol A. There secondary antioxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent, PVC secondary antioxidant as triphenyl phosphite and di-iso-octyl phenyl phosphite esters. Primary and secondary antioxidants can play with synergy. (C) UV absorber PVC products used outdoors, because it is sensitive to the wavelength range by ultraviolet radiation, PVC molecules into the excited state, or a chemical bond is destroyed, causing  white blowing agent radical chain reaction, and to promote the aging degradation of PVC. In order to improve UV resistance, often by adding an ultraviolet absorber. PVC commonly used are triazine UV absorber -5, UV-9, UV-326, TBS, BAD, OBS. Triazine-5 best, but the film slightly yellow, yellow, phthalocyanine blue, adding a small amount can be improved. PVC plastic sheeting commonly used in UV-9, the general amount of 0.2 to 0.5 parts. Is salicylic acid TBS, BAD AND OBS mild action, used in conjunction with antioxidants, you will get a good anti-aging effect. For non-transparent products, usually by adding shading rutile titanium dioxide to improve weather resistance, then if we add UV absorbers, you need a large amount, is not very cost-effective. (D) a chelating agent in PVC plastic stabilizing system, often adding secondary phosphite antioxidant is not only, but also play the role of a chelating agent. It prompted PVC with HCL off harmful metal ions to form metal contact and material. Phosphite are used triphenyl phosphite, phenyl phosphite, diisopropyl phosphite, diphenyl octyl acrylate and octyl. In PVC plastic sheeting, in general, the amount of 0.5 to 1, when used alone initially easy to color, thermal stability is not good, generally associated with metal soaps and use...

flocculation of aluminum sulfate application

Earlier we said aluminum sulfate use is the second largest in wastewater treatment applications, it is a typical industrial water treatment chemicals , industrial water treatment has a wide range of processing capabilities, however, it is most important is PVC profile stabilizer  as flocculation agent. So, what is the flocculation and sedimentation , flocculation applications it is kind of how it .
What is flocculation
Flocculation is particulate matter in the water for flocculation and sedimentation process. After adding coagulant in water , in which colloidal and suspended solids dispersed particles generated in the interaction of molecular forces floc and in the settlement process they collide cohesion, its size and quality continues to become larger, increasing the settling velocity . Depends not only on removal of suspended  Methyl tin solids sedimentation rate , and the depth and precipitation . Surface water formed after adding coagulant alum , sewage organic suspended solids in the activated sludge process will appear in the precipitation flocculation phenomenon.
Flocculation of aluminum sulfate application simply say that aluminum sulfate dissolved in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby  liquid stabilizer removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Flocs grow to a volume after the force of gravity from the water phase precipitation , thereby removing large suspended solids in the wastewater , so as to achieve the effect of treatment . Of course, as an industrial water treatment chemicals , aluminum sulfate is not currently the best results , it is less efficient than the current polyacrylamide flocculation is strong, but the price is much lower than it polyacrylamide , PAC and other polymeric flocculation agent

Flammability

Substances or materials have been treated with a flame spread properties significantly delayed. This range of choice in the use of materials serve as a guide, especially for building materials, ships, vehicles, home appliances and material requirements on high flame retardancy. Currently flame retardancy was evaluated in many ways, such as plastic flame retardant
Oxygen index, horizontal or vertical burning test method.
Definition
Material has a slow, stop or prevent a flame burning properties.
Ways
1 flame retardant to physical methods, this method is low cost and can be implemented quickly, but easy on the environment and a negative impact on the human body, usually by the national environmental directives restrictions.
(2) the material retardant modified.
3. The design of new polymer molecular structure, so that it has high flame retardancy essence, this is the most thorough way.